1、Designation: D5456 11aStandard Specification forEvaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONStructural composite lumber is intended for use as an engineering material for a variety of end-useapplications. The composition of
3、 the lumber varies by wood species, adhesive composition, woodelement size, shape, and arrangement. To provide the intended performance, composite lumberproducts require: (1) an evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties and their response toend-use environments, and (2) establishment of a
4、nd conformance to standard performance specifica-tions for quality.Procedures contained in this specification are also to be used for establishing the design propertiesand for checking the effectiveness of property assignment and quality assurance procedures.The quality assurance sections in this sp
5、ecification are intended to serve as a basis for designingquality-control programs specific to each product. The objective is to ensure that design valuesestablished in the qualification process are maintained.This specification is arranged as follows:SectionQualification 6Determination of Allowable
6、 Design Stresses 7Independent Inspection 8Quality Assurance 101. Scope1.1 This specification recognizes the complexity of struc-tural glued products. Consequently, this specification coversboth specific procedures and statements of intent that samplingand analysis must relate to the specific product
7、.1.2 This specification was developed in the light of cur-rently manufactured products as defined in 3.2. Materials thatdo not conform to the definitions are beyond the scope of thisspecification. A brief discussion is found in Appendix X1.1.3 Details of manufacturing procedures are beyond thescope
8、of this specification.NOTE 1There is some potential for manufacturing variables to affectthe properties of members that are loaded for sustained periods of time.Users of this specification are advised to consider the commentary on thistopic in Appendix X1.1.4 This specification primarily considers e
9、nd use in dryservice conditions, such as with most protected framing mem-bers, where the average equilibrium moisture content forsolid-sawn lumber is less than 16 %. The conditioning envi-ronment of 6.3 is considered representative of such uses.1.5 The performance of structural composite lumber isaf
10、fected by wood species, wood element size and shape, andadhesive and production parameters. Therefore, products pro-duced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated todetermine their product properties, regardless of the similarityin characteristics to products produced by other manufacturer
11、s.Where a manufacturer produces product in more than onefacility, each production facility shall be evaluated indepen-dently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to thefull qualification program in accordance with this specificationshall be approved by the independent qualifying agen
12、cy.1.6 This specification is intended to provide manufacturers,regulatory agencies, and end users with a means to evaluate acomposite lumber product intended for use as a structuralmaterial.1.7 This specification covers initial qualification sampling,mechanical and physical tests, analysis, and desi
13、gn valueassignments. Requirements for a quality-control program andcumulative evaluations are included to ensure maintenance ofallowable design values for the product.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on
14、 Lumber and EngineeredWood Products.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5456 11. DOI:10.1520/D5456-11A.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
15、9, United States.1.8 This specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable tostructural composite lumber portions of manufactured struc-tural components.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI unit
16、s that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine
17、the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC384 Test Method for Impedance andAbsorption ofAcous-tical Mate
18、rials by Impedance Tube MethodC423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Ab-sorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodD9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of TimberD150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mi
19、ttivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tionD198 Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in StructuralSizesD245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-lated Allowable Properties for Visually Graded LumberD669 Test Method for Dissipation Factor and PermittivityParallel wit
20、h Laminations of Laminated Sheet and PlateMaterialsD1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel MaterialsD1666 Test Methods for Conducting Machining Tests ofWood and Wood-Base Panel MaterialsD1761 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in WoodD2132 Test Method fo
21、r Dust-and-Fog Tracking and ErosionResistance of Electrical Insulating MaterialsD2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing ofWood and Wood-Base Finish FlooringD2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood andWood-Based MaterialsD2559 Specification for Adhesives for Bonded StructuralWood Prod
22、ucts for Use Under Exterior Exposure Condi-tionsD2718 Test Methods for Structural Panels in Planar Shear(Rolling Shear)D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Struc-tural Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD3201 Test Method for Hygroscopic Properties of Fire-Retardant Wood and Wood-Based Products
23、D3755 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsUnder Direct-Voltage StressD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-ment of Wood and Wood-Base MaterialsD4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumberand Wood-Base
24、Structural MaterialD4933 Guide for Moisture Conditioning of Wood andWood-Based MaterialsD5055 Specification for Establishing and Monitoring Struc-tural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-JoistsD5457 Specification for Computing Reference Resistanceof Wood-Based Materials and Structural Connections fo
25、rLoad and Resistance Factor DesignD5764 Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strengthof Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD6815 Specification for Evaluation of Duration of Load andCreep Effects of Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD7247 Test Method for Evaluating the Shear Strength ofAdhesive Bonds in Lamin
26、ated Wood Products at ElevatedTemperaturesD7480 Guide for Evaluating the Attributes of a ForestManagement PlanE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructio
27、nand Materials2.2 CSA Standards:3CSA Standards for Wood Adhesives O112-M Series2.3 Other Standard:ISO/IEC 17020 General Criteria for the Operation of Vari-ous Types of Bodies Performing Inspection43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsStandard definitions of wood terms aregiven in Terminology D9.3.2 Definiti
28、ons of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Exposure 1 durabilitya bond classification forwood-based products that are not permanently exposed to theweather.3.2.1.1 DiscussionWood-based products classified as Ex-posure 1 are intended to resist the effects of moisture onstructural performance due to
29、 construction delays or otherconditions of similar severity.3.2.2 structural composite lumber (SCL)in this specifica-tion, structural composite lumber (SCL) is any of laminatedveneer lumber (LVL), parallel strand lumber (PSL), laminatedstrand lumber (LSL), oriented strand lumber (OSL), or lami-nated
30、 veneer bamboo (LVB), which are intended for structuraluse and bonded with an exterior adhesive.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docume
31、nt Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.4Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www
32、.iso.org.D5456 11a23.2.2.1 laminated strand lumber (LSL)a composite ofwood strand elements with wood fibers primarily orientedalong the longitudinal axis of the member, where the leastdimension of the wood strand elements is 0.10 in. (2.54 mm) orless and their average lengths are a minimum of 150 ti
33、mes theleast dimension of the wood strand elements.3.2.2.2 laminated veneer bamboo (LVB)a composite ofbamboo strand elements, edge-bonded to form veneer sheetswhich are then face-bonded to form finished products, withbamboo fibers primarily oriented along the longitudinal axis ofthe member where the
34、 least dimension of strand elements is0.25 in. (6.4 mm) or less and their average strand lengths are aminimum of 300 times the least dimension of the bamboostrand elements (see X1.2).3.2.2.3 laminated veneer lumber (LVL)a composite ofwood veneer sheet elements with wood fibers primarily ori-ented al
35、ong the longitudinal axis of the member, where theveneer element thicknesses are 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) or less.3.2.2.4 oriented strand lumber (OSL)a composite ofwood strand elements with wood fibers primarily orientedalong the longitudinal axis of the member, where the leastdimension of the wood strand
36、elements is 0.10 in. (2.54 mm) orless and their average lengths are a minimum of 75 times theleast dimension of the wood strand elements.3.2.2.5 parallel strand lumber (PSL)a composite of woodveneer strand elements with wood fibers primarily orientedalong the longitudinal axis of the member, where t
37、he leastdimension of wood veneer strand elements is 0.25 in. (6.4 mm)or less and their average lengths are a minimum of 300 timesthe least dimension of the wood veneer strand elements.3.2.3 DiscussionSCL has three mutually perpendiculardirections of orientation (see Fig. 1):L DirectionParallel to th
38、e longitudinal direction of the member.X DirectionParallel to a surface of the member and normal to the L direction.Y DirectionNormal to both L and X direction.In this specification, longitudinal shear means shear stress inthe L-X and L-Y planes. Planar shear is stress in the X-Y plane.4. Materials4
39、.1 GeneralStructural composite lumber materials con-forming to this specification meet the definition of a bio-basedproduct in accordance with 3.3.1 of Guide D7480.4.2 Wood ElementsWood elements used in the fabricationof SCL products shall conform to 3.2.4.3 AdhesivesAdhesives used in the fabricatio
40、n of SCLproducts shall conform to the requirements in SpecificationD2559.Alternatively, the durability of high temperature curingadhesives can be evaluated with the procedures specified inAnnex A4.2 (see Note 2). For this procedure, the averagestrength retention shall be at least 50 %. In Canada, ad
41、hesivesshall conform to the appropriate section of CSA Stan-dards for Wood Adhesives, O112-M Series, except that theLVB adhesives shall be based on the criteria for hardwoodspecies. In addition, adhesives used for LVL and PSL shall bequalified for heat durability performance in accordance with4.3.1.
42、 X1.2.4 provides additional information.NOTE 2Adhesives evaluated by Annex A4.2 are only qualified forExposure 1 conditions; other conditions are beyond the scope of thisspecification. See the commentary and the section on Design andMechanical Property Concerns in Appendix X1 for further information
43、.NOTE 3Heat durable performance implies that the bond betweenwood elements (veneers in LVL and strands in PSL) will exhibit similarmaterial resistance to solid wood in an elevated temperature environmentwhere the wood material surrounding the bond does not provide thermalprotection.4.3.1 Adhesive He
44、at Durability:4.3.1.1 Adhesives used for LVL and PSL shall be qualifiedfor heat durability performance through testing in accordancewith Test Method D7247. The test temperature and heatexposure duration for specimens tested at elevated temperature(Section 7.2 of Test Method D7247) shall meet the req
45、uire-ments of Items (1), (2), (3), and (4) below.(1) The solid wood control specimens and bonded speci-mens shall be prepared from the same wood species of eitherDouglas Fir, Southern Pine, or the predominate species used inthe LVL or PSL product, provided the same adhesive formu-lation is used for
46、these wood species.(2) For the bonded specimens, the minimum target bond-line temperature shall be 428F (220C). For the matched solidwood control specimens, the minimum target temperature atthe shear plane shall be 428F (220C).(3) The minimum target temperatures of Item (1) shall bemaintained for a
47、minimum of 10 min or until achieving aresidual strength ratio for the solid wood control specimens of30 6 10 %, whichever is longer.(4) Block shear testing shall be conducted immediatelyafter removal from the oven such that the specimen bondline orshear plane temperature does not drop more than 9F (
48、5C)after leaving the oven and prior to failure. This provision issatisfied when the time interval from the removal of thespecimen from the oven to the failure of the block shearspecimen does not exceed 60 s for each specimen tested andthe room temperature of the test laboratory at the time oftesting
49、 is not less than 60F (15.5C).4.3.1.2 The adhesive used for LSL and OSL shall bequalified for heat durability performance through testing inaccordance with Test Method D7247 except that homogeneouspieces of LSL or OSL product shall be used in lieu of solidsawn face bonded specimens. The solid wood control species,LSL or OSL grade, test orientation of LSL and OSL, testtemperature and heat exposure duration for specimens tested atFIG. 1 Orientations for Structural Composite LumberD5456 11a3elevated temperature (Section 7.2 of Test Method D7247) shallmeet
