1、Designation:D585709 Designation: D5857 10Standard Specification forPolypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials Using ISOProtocol and Methodology1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis material specification is intended to provide a call out system for polyprop
3、ylene utilizingspecimen preparation procedures and test method based on ISO standards.This specification is not intended for the determination of the suitability of performance of materialsin the final application. Selection of these materials is to be made by personnel with expertise in theplastics
4、 field in which the environment, inherent properties of the materials, performance of the parts,part design, manufacturing process, and economics are considered.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers polypropylene materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion. Polymers consist ofpolypropyle
5、ne homopolymers, polypropylene copolymers, and polypropylene-elastomer compounds produced with or without theaddition of impact modifiers (ethylene-propylene rubber, polyisobutylene rubber, and butyl rubber, and so forth), colorants,stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, or reinforcements.1.2 This specif
6、ication allows for the use of those polypropylene materials that can be recycled, reconstituted, and reground,provided that the following conditions are met:1.2.1 The requirements as stated in this specification and other ISO guidelines pertaining to these types of materials are met,and1.2.2 The mat
7、erial has not been modified in any way to alter its conformance to food contact regulations or similar requirements.1.3 The proportions of recycled, reconstituted, and regrind material used, as well as the nature and the amount of anycontaminant, cannot be practically covered in this specification.
8、It is the responsibility of the supplier and buyer of recycled,reconstituted, and regrind materials to ensure compliance.1.4 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. There may beother requirements necessary to identify particular
9、characteristics important to specialized applications. These may be specified byusing the suffixes as given in Section 5 and those in Classification System D4000.1.5 This classification system and specification are intended to provide a means of calling out polypropylene materials used inthe fabrica
10、tion of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection should be made by thosehaving expertise in the plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, theenvironment to which it will be exposed, the fabricati
11、on process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent propertiesof the material other than those covered by this specification.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 13,
12、of this specification: Thisspecification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this specification to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations pr
13、ior to use.NOTE 1This specification is similar to both ISO 1873-1 and ISO 1873-2, but to different degrees. This specification resembles ISO 1873-1 in titleonly. The content is significantly different. This specification and ISO 1873-2 differ in approach or detail; data obtained using either are tec
14、hnicallyequivalent.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition a
15、pproved in 2008 as D5857-08. DOI:10.1520/D5857-09.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2010. Published February 2011. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5857 - 09. DOI:10.1520/D5857-11.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user o
16、f an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as pu
17、blished by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for C
18、onditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD1999 Guide for Selection of Specimens and Test Parameters from ISO/IEC StandardsD3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load and Displaceme
19、nt SensorsD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic MaterialsD5033Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relating to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics 7209 Guide for WasteReduction, Resource Recovery, and Use of Recycled Polymeric Materi
20、als and ProductsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 62 PlasticsDetermination of Water AbsorptionISO 75-1 PlasticsDetermination of Temperature of Deflection Under Load, Part 1: General Test MethodISO 75-2 PlasticsDe
21、termination of Temperature of Deflection Under Load, Part 2: Plastics and EboniteISO 105 TextilesTests for Color FastnessISO 178 PlasticsDetermination of Flexural Properties of Rigid PlasticsISO 179 PlasticsDetermination of Charpy Impact Strength of Rigid MaterialsISO 180 PlasticsDetermination of Iz
22、od Impact Strength of Rigid MaterialsISO 293 PlasticsCompression Moulding Test Specimens of Thermoplastic MaterialISO 294 PlasticsInjection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic MaterialISO 306 PlasticsThermoplastic MaterialsDetermination of Vicat Softening TemperatureISO 527-1 PlasticsDetermi
23、nation of Tensile Properties, Part 1: General PrinciplesISO 527-2 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Properties, Part 2: Test Conditions for Molding and Extrusion PlasticsISO 537 PlasticsTesting with Torsional PendulumISO 604 PlasticsDetermination of Compressive PropertiesISO 868 Plastics and EboniteD
24、etermination of Indention Hardness by Mans of a Durometer (Shore Hardness)ISO 877 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to direct Weathering, to Weathering Using Glass-Filtered Daylight, and to IntensifiedWeathering by Daylight Using Fresnel MirrorsISO 899 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile CreepISO 974 Plastic
25、sDetermination of the Brittleness Temperature by ImpactISO 1133 PlasticsDetermination of Melt Flow Rate of ThermoplasticsISO 1183A PlasticsMethods for Determining the Density and Relative Density of Non-Cellular PlasticsISO 1191 PlasticsPolyethylene and Polypropylenes in Dilute SolutionsDeterminatio
26、n of Viscosity Number and of LimitingViscosity NumberISO 1628-3 PlasticsDetermination of Viscosity Number and Limiting Viscosity Number, Part 3: Polyethylene andPolypropylene ResinsISO 1873-1 PlasticsPropylene and Propylene-Copolymer Thermoplastics, Part 1: DesignationISO 1873-2 PlasticsPolypropylen
27、e (PP) and Propylene-Copolymer Thermoplastics, Part 2: Preparation of Test Specimens andDetermination of PropertiesISO 2039-1 PlasticsDetermination of Hardness, Part 1: Ball Indention MethodISO 2039-2 PlasticsDetermination of Hardness, Part 2: Rockwell HardnessISO 2818 PlasticsPreparation of Test Sp
28、ecimens by MachiningISO 3167 PlasticsPreparation and Use of Multipurpose Test SpecimensISO 3451-1 PlasticsDetermination of Ash, Part 1: General MethodsISO 3795 Road Vehicles, and Tractors and Machinery for Agriculture and ForestryDetermination of Burning Behavior ofInterior MaterialsISO 4582 Plastic
29、sDetermination of Changes in Colour and Variations in Properties after Exposure to Daylight Under Glass,Natural Weathering or Artificial LightISO 4589 PlasticsDetermination of Flammability by Oxygen IndexISO 4892-1 Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources, Part 1: General GuidanceISO 4892-2 P
30、lasticsMethods of Exposure to Laboratory Light, Part 2: Xenon Arc ExposureISO 4892-3 PlasticsMethods of Exposure to Laboratory Light, Part 3: Fluorescent UV Lamps2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
31、 ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D5857 102ISO 6427 PlasticsDetermination of Matter Extractable by Organic
32、 Solvents (Conventional Methods)ISO 6602 PlasticsDetermination of Flexural Creep by Three-Point LoadingISO 6603-1 PlasticsDetermination of Multiaxial Impact Behavior of Rigid Plastics, Part 1: Falling Dart MethodISO 6603-2 PlasticsDetermination of Multiaxial Impact Behavior of Rigid Plastics, Part 2
33、: Instrumented Puncture TestISO 8256 PlasticsDetermination of Tensile Impact PropertiesISO 9113 PlasticsPolypropylene (PP) and Propylene-Copolymer ThermoplasticsDetermination of Isotactic IndexISO 10350 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation of Comparable Single-Point DataISO 113573 PlasticsDifferenti
34、al Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Part 3: Determination of Temperature and Enthalpy ofMelting and CrystallizationISO 11403-1 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation of Comparable Multi-Point Data, Part 1: Mechanical PropertiesISO 11403-2 PlasticsAcquisition and Presentation of Comparable Multi-point DataP
35、art 3: Environmental Influences onProperties2.3 IEC Standards:3IEC 93 Recommended Methods of Test for Volume and Surface Resistivities of Electrical Insulation MaterialsIEC 112 Recommended Method for Determining the Comparative Tracking Index of Solid Insulation Materials Under MoistConditionsIEC 24
36、3-1 Recommended Methods of Test for Electric Strength of Solid Insulating Materials at Power FrequenciesIEC 250 Recommended Methods for the Determination of the Permittivity and Dielectric Dissipation Factor of ElectricalInsulation Materials at Power, Audio, and Radio Frequencies Including Metre Wav
37、elengthsIEC 296 Specification for Unused Mineral Insulating Oils for Transformers and SwitchgearIEC 606951110 Fire Hazard Testing-Part 1110: Test Flames-50 W Horizontal and Vertical Test Methods2.4 SAE Standards:4SAE J1545 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement for Exterior Finishes, Textiles and
38、 Color TrimSAE J1767 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement for Colorfastness of Automotive Interior Trim MaterialsSAE J1885 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Interior Materials Using Controlled Irradiance Water Cooled Xenon-ArcApparatusSAE J1960 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior Mater
39、ials Using Controlled Irradiance Water Cooled Xenon-ArcApparatusSAE J1976 Outdoor Weathering of Exterior Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms and abbreviations applying to this specification appear in Terminologies D883 and D1600and Guide D5033D7209.3.2 Definitions of Terms Spe
40、cific to This Standard:3.2.1 back pressure, nthe constant pressure that is applied to the end of the screw while the screw is rotating and retractingto prepare for the next injection.3.2.2 brittle failure, none where the specimen test area is broken into two or more pieces, with sharp edges, and sho
41、ws almostno plastic flow.3.2.3 cooling time, nthe time during which the material is in the closed mold with no pressure applied.3.2.4 cycle time, nthe time required to complete a full injection molding cycle, including injection time, cooling time, andmold open time.3.2.5 ductile brittle transition
42、temperature, nthe temperature at which 80 % of the specimens exhibit ductile failure.3.2.6 ductile failure, none where the specimen deforms plastically before fracturing such that the cracks do not radiate morethan 10 mm beyond the center of the impact point.3.2.7 injection pressure, nthe constant p
43、ressure that is applied to the end of the screw, causing the melted material to fill themold.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe injection pressure along with the injection speed determines the volumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.8 injection time, nthe time during which a constant specified pressure is applied t
44、o the melted material.3.2.9 injection velocity, nthe average velocity of the melt as it passes through the cross-sectional area of a cavity of a single-or multi-cavity mold at the position that forms the critical portion of the test specimen.3.2.10 melt temperature, nthe temperature of the material
45、as it is being injected into the mold, measured by a pyrometer.3.2.11 mold open time, nthe time beginning when the mold is opened and ending when the mold is closed.3.2.12 mold temperature, nthe temperature of the mold during the molding cycle, measured in all mold cavities and on bothplatens.3.2.13
46、 polypropylene (PP)a propylene plastic prepared by the polymerization of propylene or propylene with other alphaolefins (see also PP-H, PP-R, and PP-B).4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.D5857 1033.2.14 polypropyl
47、ene heterophasic copolymers (PP-B)a propylene plastic consisting of two or more separate phases. Theseinclude PP+EPR, PP+EPDM, PP+IIR, PP+BR, and so forth.3.2.14.1 DiscussionThe phases consist of a polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H) or a polypropylene random copolymer(PP-R) matrix containing a dispers
48、ed olefinic elastomer having no other functional group, added in situ or physically blended intothe polypropylene matrix.3.2.15 polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H)a propylene plastic prepared by the polymerization of propylene only.3.2.16 polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R)a propylene plastic contain
49、ing another olefinic monomer (or monomers)having no functional group other than the olefinic group copolymerized with propylene.3.2.16.1 DiscussionPolypropylene random copolymers containing more than one additional monomer are often calledterpolymers.4. Classification4.1 Unreinforced polypropylene materials are classified into groups in accordance with basic composition. These groups aresubdivided into classes and grades, as shown in Table PP.NOTE 2An example of this classification system is as follows. The
