1、Designation: D5867 121Standard Test Methods forMeasurement of Physical Properties of Raw Cotton byCotton Classification Instruments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEReference to a research report was added editorially in January 2013.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers
3、the measurement of color, trashcontent, micronaire, upper half mean length (length), unifor-mity index and breaking tenacity (strength) of raw cotton forcotton marketing using a cotton classification instrument.1.2 This test method is applicable to Upland and Extra LongStaple (ELS) raw cotton.1.3 Th
4、is test method is applicable to roller and saw ginnedraw cottons.1.4 This test method contains the following sections.SectionColor 8-11Trash Content 12-15Micronaire Reading 16-19Upper Half Mean Length (Length) and Uniformity Index 20-23Breaking Tenacity (Strength) 24-271.5 The values stated in both
5、inch-pound and SI units are tobe regarded separately as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap
6、pro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for TestingD1445 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation o
7、fCotton Fibers (Flat Bundle Method)D1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity ofCotton Fibers by Photoelectric MeasurementD1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fi-bersD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2253 Test Method for Color of Raw Cotton Using theNickerson
8、-Hunter Cotton Colorimeter (Withdrawn 1995)3D2495 Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-DryingD2812 Test Method for Non-Lint Content of CottonD3025 Practice for Standardizing Cotton Fiber Test Resultsby Use of Calibration Cotton StandardsD4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation andRelate
9、d Properties of TextilesD7139 Terminology for Cotton FibersE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.11, refer to D7139.
10、3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:micronaire reading, particle count (trash), percent area (trash),Rd (color reflectance) and +b (color yellowness), breakingtenacity (strength), uniformity index, upper-half-mean length.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
11、Terminology D123 and Terminology D4848.4. Significance and UseGeneral4.1 This test method is accepted for testing of bales of rawcotton in commercial shipments.4.2 This test method describes acceptable practices fortesting of raw cotton using cotton classification instrumentsthat are capable of test
12、ing the fiber properties of micronairereading, length, uniformity index, strength, Rd (color), +b(color), percent area (trash) and particle count (trash).1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton
13、 Fibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5867 05. DOI:10.1520/D5867-12E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. F
14、or Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
15、United States15. Sampling5.1 Bale SampleFor a bale sample, takea4oz(100 g)subsample of cotton from each of two opposite sides of the baleand combine the two subsamples into a single bale sampleweighing 8 oz (200 g).6. Conditioning6.1 Condition the cotton samples to the temperature andrelative humidi
16、ty levels of 21 6 1C (70 6 2F) and 65 6 2%until moisture equilibrium is reached.6.2 Accelerated conditioning is an acceptable practice forthis test method.6.3 Moisture content (dry basis) measured by resistancetechnique referenced to oven method Test Method D2495 shallbe within 6.75 to 8.25 %.NOTE 1
17、This range covers the equilibrium moisture content range forall cottons.NOTE 2Cotton is normally received in the laboratory in a relative drycondition, making special preconditioning procedures unnecessary.Samples that are obviously damp should be preconditioned before beingbrought into the laborato
18、ry for conditioning.7. Calibration7.1 Follow instrument manufacturers procedures forsample placement.7.2 Calibration of Rd (color reflectance) and +b (coloryellowness):7.2.1 For color calibration of Rd and +b, calibrate usingUSDA color materials in accordance with instrument manu-facturers recommend
19、ations to establish a testing level consis-tent with the industry accepted Universal HVI Rd/+b CottonColor Standards.7.3 Calibration of Percent Area (trash) and Particle Count(trash):7.3.1 For trash calibration of percent area and particle countcalibrate using USDA trash materials in accordance with
20、instrument manufacturers recommendations.7.4 Calibration of Micronaire:7.4.1 For calibration of micronaire, cotton calibration ororifice calibration methods are accepted practices within theindustry.7.4.2 For cotton calibration of micronaire, calibrate usingUniversal HVI Micronaire Calibration Cotto
21、n Standards inaccordance with instrument manufacturers recommendations.7.4.3 For orifice calibration of micronaire, calibrate usingUSDA micronaire materials in accordance with instrumentmanufacturers recommendations to establish a testing levelconsistent with the industry accepted Universal HVI Mi-c
22、ronaire Calibration Cotton Standards.7.5 Calibration of Upper Half Mean Length, UniformityIndex and Breaking Tenacity (Strength):7.5.1 For Upland saw ginned and roller ginned raw cottontesting, calibrate the instrument with Universal HVI Calibra-tion Cotton Standards (Short/Weak and Long/Strong).7.5
23、.2 For ELS saw ginned and roller ginned raw cottontesting, calibrate the instrument with Universal HVI Short/Weak Calibration Cotton Standard and Extra Long Staple HVILong/Strong Calibration Cotton Standard.7.6 The calibration materials can be obtained from theUSDA,AMS, Cotton Divisions Standardizat
24、ion and Engineer-ing Branch. The contact information is provided below:USDA, AMS, Cotton DivisionStandardization and Engineering Branch3275 Appling Road, Room #5Memphis, TN 38133 USAhttp:/www.ams.usda.gov/cotton/phone: 901-384-3030 / fax: 901-384-3032COLOR8. Scope8.1 This section describes the measu
25、rements of Rd (colorreflectance) and +b (color yellowness) for raw cotton. The Rdand +b measurements are based upon standards established byUSDA.9. Summary of Test Method9.1 A smooth representative surface of a cotton sample isplaced in the color measurement area and pressed flat with aminimum force
26、 of 4 lb/in.2(0.3 kg/cm2).10. Significance and Use10.1 Color is an element of cotton quality, and raw cottoncolor measurements are useful in controlling the color ofmanufactured greige, bleached, or dyed yarns and fabrics.11. Procedure11.1 One or more test replications shall be made on eachsubsample
27、 of the bale sample.11.2 The surface of each subsample shall be large enough tocompletely cover the instruments measurement area and thickenough to be opaque (no light transmitted through the sample).An uncompressed minimum thickness of 2 in. (50 cm) and aminimum surface area of 9 in.2(58 cm2) of ea
28、ch subsample arerequired.11.3 For the bale sample, report the average Rd (colorreflectance) of the test replications to the nearest one tenth ofa unit.11.4 For the bale sample, report the average +b (coloryellowness) of the test replications to the nearest one tenth ofa unit.TRASH CONTENT12. Scope12
29、.1 This section describes the measurements of percentarea (trash) and particle count (trash) for raw cotton. Thepercent area and the particle count measurements are basedupon standards established by USDA.13. Summary of Test Method13.1 A smooth representative surface of a cotton sample isplaced in t
30、he trash measurement area and pressed flat with aminimum force of 4 lb/in.2(0.3 kg/cm2).D5867 121214. Significance and Use14.1 Trash content is useful for: estimating the net amountof manufactured textile product obtainable from raw cotton,predicting the quality of cotton textile products, particula
31、rlytheir aesthetic properties, assembling and blending values in amix on a trash content basis, adjusting ginning and textileprocessing machinery for maximum efficiency in removingtrash from cotton, and relating trash content of cotton toprocessing efficiency and end-product quality.15. Procedure15.
32、1 One or more test replications shall be made on eachsubsample of the bale sample.15.2 The surface of each subsample shall be large enough tocompletely cover the instruments measurement area and thickenough to be opaque (no light transmitted through the sample).An uncompressed minimum thickness of 2
33、 in. (50 cm) and aminimum surface area of 9 in.2(58 cm2) of each subsample arerequired.15.3 For the bale sample, report the average percent area(trash) of the test replications to the nearest one hundredth ofa unit.15.4 For the bale sample, report the average particle count(trash) of the test replic
34、ations to the nearest whole number.MICRONAIRE READING16. Scope16.1 This section describes the measurement of the mi-cronaire of raw cotton that is based upon standards establishedby USDA.17. Summary of Test Method17.1 A predetermined mass of raw cotton is placed in themeasurement area and compressed
35、. The resistance to air flowthrough the cotton using constant air pressure is measured.18. Significance and Use18.1 The micronaire reading of raw cotton is a function ofboth fineness and maturity and is related to environmentalconditions during the growth of cotton, variety of cotton, millprocessing
36、 performance, and to the quality of end products.Factors correlated with micronaire include cleaning efficiency,neppiness, the strength and uniformity of yarn, and dyeing offibers, yarns, and fabrics.19. Procedure19.1 Take one specimen from the bale sample and place thespecimen into the instruments
37、micronaire measurement areafor testing.19.2 The specimen can be taken from either subsample or aportion can be taken and combined from each subsample.19.3 For the bale sample, report the micronaire reading tothe nearest one hundredth of a unit.UPPER HALF MEAN LENGTH (LENGTH) ANDUNIFORMITY INDEX20. S
38、cope20.1 This section describes the measurement of the upperhalf mean length (length) and uniformity index of raw cottonthat is based upon standards established by USDA.21. Summary of Test Method21.1 The measurements of length and uniformity index ofcotton fibers in a tapered beard are derived from
39、the measuredlength distribution of cotton fibers. Fibers are caught at randomalong their lengths to form a tapered beard. The tapered beardis scanned from base to tip to form the fiber length distribution.22. Significance and Use22.1 The length and uniformity index of cotton is related toenvironment
40、al conditions during the growth of cotton, varietyof cotton, ginning of cotton, mill processing performance, andto the quality of end products.23. Procedure23.1 Take one specimen from each subsample of the balesample for Upland saw ginned raw cotton and place thespecimen into the instruments length
41、measurement area.23.2 Take two specimens from each subsample of the balesample for ELS or roller ginned Upland raw cottons.23.3 For the bale sample, report the average of the speci-mens for upper half mean length to the nearest one thousandthof an inch (one hundredth of a millimeter).23.4 For the ba
42、le sample, report the average of the speci-mens for uniformity index to the nearest one tenth of a unit.BREAKING TENACITY (STRENGTH)24. Scope24.1 This section describes the measurement of the breakingtenacity (strength) of raw cotton that is based upon standardsestablished by USDA.25. Summary of Tes
43、t Method25.1 This test method describes the determination of thebreaking tenacity at the breaking force of cotton fibers in aspecimen in which fibers are distributed randomly in a speci-men comb and broken using18-inch (3.2-mm) clamp spacing.26. Significance and Use26.1 The measurement of strength o
44、f raw cotton is related toenvironmental conditions during the growth of cotton, varietyof cotton, ginning of cotton, mill processing performance, andto the quality of end products.27. Procedure27.1 Take one specimen from each subsample of the balesample for Upland saw ginned raw cotton and place the
45、specimen into the instruments strength measurement area.D5867 121327.2 Take two specimens from each subsample of the balesample for ELS or roller ginned Upland raw cottons.27.3 For the bale sample, report the average of the speci-mens for strength to the nearest one tenth of a gram per texunit.PRECI
46、SION AND BIAS28. Precision and Bias28.1 The precision of this test method is based on aninterlaboratory study ofASTM D5867 - Standard Test Methodsfor Measurement of Physical Properties of Cotton Fibers byHigh Volume Instruments, conducted in 2011. Nine laborato-ries participated in this study, testi
47、ng five different types ofcotton. Every “test result” represents an individual determina-tion. Every laboratory reported 30 replicate test results for eachmaterial. Practice E691 was followed for the analysis of thedata; the details are given in an ASTM Research Report.428.1.1 Repeatability limit (r
48、)Two test results obtainedwithin one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “r” value for that material; “r”istheinterval representing the critical difference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the
49、 same day in the samelaboratory.28.1.1.1 Average repeatability limits are listed in Tables 1-6.28.1.2 Reproducibility limit (R)Two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the criticaldifference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators using different equipment indifferent laboratories.28.1.2.1 Average reproducibility limits are listed in Tables1-6.28.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are u
