1、Designation: D 6465 99 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Guide forSelecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives andSealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers,manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production manager
3、sin selecting the best-fit adhesive/sealant or bonding/sealingprocess. The guide takes into account environmental pollutionprevention and occupational health and safety factors in aselection process.1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database ofacceptable materials. It will guide the engine
4、ers and managersthrough the adhesive/sealant material selection process, callingfor engineers to customize their selection based on the bondingor sealing performance requirements for the specified applica-tion. A comprehensive selection process will allow for theestablishment of a more efficient pro
5、duction process, and mayeliminate unnecessary process steps. A total life cycle costanalysis or performance/cost of implementation study is rec-ommended to compare the available alternatives.1.3 This guide is for aerospace and general purpose opera-tions. It is not intended to be used for automotive
6、, carpet,construction, electronics, medical/dental, optical, or structuraland nonstructural wood applications. Note that this guide is notspecifically for these applications, but the general methodologymay be used in the selection process for these applications.1.4 This standard does not purport to
7、address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test M
8、ethod for Flash Point by Tag Closed TesterD 896 Practice for Resistance ofAdhesive Bonds to Chemi-cal ReagentsD 897 Test Method for Tensile Properties of AdhesiveBondsD 903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-sive BondsD 905 Test Method for Strength Properties of AdhesiveBonds in Shea
9、r by Compression LoadingD 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 950 Test Method for Impact Strength of Adhesive BondsD 1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)D 1062 Test Method for Cleavage Strength of Metal-to-M
10、etal Adhesive BondsD 1084 Test Methods for Viscosity of AdhesivesD 1144 Practice for Determining Strength Development ofAdhesive BondsD 1146 Test Method for Blocking Point of PotentiallyAdhesive LayersD 1151 Practice for Effect of Moisture and Temperature onAdhesive BondsD 1183 Practices for Resista
11、nce of Adhesives to CyclicLaboratory Aging ConditionsD 1184 Test Method for Flexural Strength of AdhesiveBonded Laminated AssembliesD 1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point ofLiquids by Tag Open-Cup ApparatusD 1337 Practice for Storage Life of Adhesives by Consis-tency and Bond StrengthD 13
12、38 Practice for Working Life of Liquid or Paste Adhe-sives by Consistency and Bond StrengthD 1780 Practice for Conducting Creep Tests of Metal-to-Metal AdhesivesD 1781 Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel Test forAdhesivesD 1828 Practice for Atmospheric Exposure of Adhesive-Bonded Joints and Structure
13、sD 1875 Test Method for Density of Adhesives in FluidFormD 1876 Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives(T-Peel Test)1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.60 on Adhesive Material Classi-fication System.Current e
14、dition approved April 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 6465 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informa
15、tion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 1879 Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens toHigh-Energy RadiationD 1916 Test Method for Penetration of Adh
16、esivesD 1994 Test Method for Determination of Acid Numbers ofHot-Melt AdhesivesD 1995 Test Methods for Multi-Modal Strength Testing ofAutoadhesives (Contact Adhesives)D 2093 Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Priorto Adhesive BondingD 2095 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Adhesives
17、byMeans of Bar and Rod SpecimensD 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property DurometerHardnessD 2293 Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives inShear by Compression Loading (Metal-to-Metal)D 2294 Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives inShear by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)D 2295 Test Meth
18、od for Strength Properties ofAdhesives inShear by Tension Loading at Elevated Temperatures(Metal-to-Metal)D 2556 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of AdhesivesHaving Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow PropertiesD 2557 Test Method for Tensile-Shear Strength of Adhe-sives in the Subzero Temperature Range from
19、 267.8 to55C (450 to 67F)D 2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of RigidPlastics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD 2651 Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhe-sive BondingD 2674 Methods of Analysis of Sulfochromate Etch Solu-tion Used in Surface Preparation of AluminumD 2918 Practice fo
20、r Durability Assessment of AdhesiveJoints Stressed in PeelD 2919 Test Method for Determining Durability of Adhe-sive Joints Stressed in Shear by Tension LoadingD 2979 Test Method for Pressure-Sensitive Tack of Adhe-sives Using an Inverted Probe MachineD 3111 Test Method for Flexibility Determination
21、 of Hot-Melt Adhesives by Mandrel Bend Test MethodD 3121 Test Method for Tack of Pressure-Sensitive Adhe-sives by Rolling BallD 3163 Test Method for Determining Strength of Adhe-sively Bonded Rigid Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear byTension LoadingD 3164 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhes
22、ivelyBonded Plastic Lap Shear Sandwich Joints in Shear byTension LoadingD 3165 Test Method for Strength Properties ofAdhesives inShear by Tension Loading of Single-Lap Joint LaminatedAssembliesD 3166 Test Method for Fatigue Properties of Adhesives inShear by Tension Loading (Metal/Metal)D 3167 Test
23、Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance ofAdhesivesD 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup ApparatusD 3310 Test Method for Determining Corrosivity of Adhe-sive MaterialsD 3433 Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage ofAdhesives in Bonded Metal JointsD 3528 Te
24、st Method for Strength Properties of Double LapShear Adhesive Joints by Tension LoadingD 3632 Test Method for Accelerated Aging of AdhesiveJoints by the Oxygen-Pressure MethodD 3762 Test Method forAdhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-ity of Aluminum (Wedge Test)D 3807 Test Method for Strength Properties
25、ofAdhesives inCleavage Peel by Tension Loading (Engineering Plastics-to-Engineering Plastics)D 3929 Test Method for Evaluating Stress Cracking ofPlastics by Adhesives Using the Bent-Beam MethodD 3931 Test Method for Determining Strength of Gap-Filling Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression LoadingD
26、3933 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Surfaces forStructural Adhesives Bonding (Phosphoric Acid Anodiz-ing)D 3983 Test Method for Measuring Strength and ShearModulus of Nonrigid Adhesives by the Thick-AdherendTensile-Lap SpecimenD 4027 Test Method for Measuring Shear Properties ofStructural Adhesiv
27、es by the Modified-Rail TestD 4317 Specification for Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Emul-sion AdhesivesD 4339 Test Method for Determination of the Odor ofAdhesivesD 4497 Test Method for Determining the Open Time of HotMelt Adhesives (Manual Method)D 4498 Test Method for Heat-Fail Temperature in Shear ofHot
28、 Melt AdhesivesD 4499 Test Method for Heat Stability of Hot-Melt Adhe-sivesD 4501 Test Method for Shear Strength of Adhesive BondsBetween Rigid Substrates by the Block-Shear MethodD 4562 Test Method for Shear Strength of Adhesives UsingPin-and-Collar SpecimenD 4689 Specification for Adhesive, Casein
29、-TypeD 4690 Specification for Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhe-sivesD 4783 Test Methods for Resistance of Adhesive Prepara-tions in Container to Attack by Bacteria, Yeast, and FungiD 4800 Guide for Classifying and Specifying AdhesivesD 5041 Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage ofAdhesives in Bo
30、nded JointsD 5267 Test Method for the Determination of Extrudabilityof Cartridge AdhesivesD 5363 Specification for Anaerobic Single-Component Ad-hesives (AN)D 5573 Practice for Classifying Failure Modes in Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic (FRP) JointsD 5648 Test Method for Torque-Tension Relationship ofAdhe
31、sives Used on Threaded Fasteners (Lubricity)D 5649 Test Method for Torque Strength ofAdhesives Usedon Threaded FastenersD 5656 Test Method for Thick Adherend Metal Lap-ShearJoints for Determination of the Stress-Strain Behavior ofAdhesives in Shear by Tension LoadingD 6465 99 (2005)2D 5657 Test Meth
32、od for Fluid Tightness Ability of Adhe-sives Used on Threaded FastenersD 5868 Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for FiberReinforced Plastic (FRP) BondingD 6195 Test Methods for Loop TackD 6361 Guide for Selecting Cleaning Agents and ProcessesE 229 Test Method for Shear Strength and Shear Modulusof
33、Structural Adhesives33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor technical terms pertaining to adhesivesand sealants, see Terminology D 907.3.2 ClassificationsFor the identification and classificationsystem of adhesives and sealants, see Guide D 4800. (Relateddocuments: Specification D 4317; Specification D 46
34、89;Specification D 4690; Specification D 5363; and Test MethodD 1994.)4. Summary of Guide4.1 Table 1 is a summary of the five step approach forselecting adhesives/sealants and bonding or sealing processesfor use in aerospace and general purpose operations. This guideis based on adhesive/sealant perf
35、ormance in accordance withspecific adherends and substrates. The users performancerequirements play a key role in the process, along with theenvironmental, and safety and health parameters. Adherend/substrate material surface preparation and cleaning also play akey role in the performance of adhesiv
36、es/sealants, and arefactored-in as part of this selection process. For each step theuser of the guide will provide specific information on aparticular aspect of their process. Then the user should consultthe guide, which will provide appropriate guidance on evalu-ation criteria that should be follow
37、ed in order to evaluate thepotential adhesive or sealant. Table 1 provides a summary ofthe user-defined requirements information and the proceduresto be provided by the guide. The order of the steps presented inTable 1 is suggested, but not crucial to the successful use of theguide. Section 6 will p
38、rovide greater details on both the userinput and the guidance provided.5. Significance and Use5.1 The guide is to be used by anyone developing bondingor sealing requirements for specifications for manufacturing,maintenance or overhaul. This guide has been designed to beapplication specific for each
39、bonding or sealing application,and allows the design engineer to rest assured that theproduct(s) or process(es) selected by the industrial or manu-facturing engineer will be compatible with both the partmaterial and the subsequent processes, such as adherend/substrate cleaning and preparation. It al
40、lows the industrial ormanufacturing engineer to customize the selection of theadhesive or sealant product based on the materials of the partsbeing bonded or sealed, the conditions required for the subse-quent process(es), environmental, cost, and health and safetyconcerns.6. Procedure6.1 Step 1Defin
41、e the Requirements of the ApplicationThe first step taken in selecting an adhesive/sealant is todetermine the requirements of the application. These require-ments include environmental, safety and health, and thephysical and chemical properties of the adhesive/sealant itself,the applications perform
42、ance levels, and surface preparation/cleaning.6.1.1 Environmental, Safety, and Health RequirementsTable 2 presents some of the more common concerns regardingadhesive and sealant and their effects on the environment, andworker safety and health. To use Table 2, the engineer shouldfind their concerns
43、on the left-hand column of the table, andensure that the adhesive/sealant meets the requirements listedin the right-hand column.6.1.2 Physical, Chemical, and Performance PropertiesTable 3 presents some of the more common concerns regardingadhesives/sealants and their physical, chemical, and perfor-m
44、ance properties, and the corresponding tests required toevaluate those properties. To use Table 3, the engineer shouldfind their concern(s) on the left-hand column of the table, and3Withdrawn.TABLE 1 Summary of GuideStep Defined User Requirements Procedure1 Define the Environmental, Safety,providesu
45、fficient personal protective equipment to ensurethe health and safety risks of using the adhesive orsealant are minimizedD 6465 99 (2005)3require the data from evaluations of the specifications listed inthe remainder of the row. Please note that the guide does notprovide values for specific performa
46、nce requirements. Thesevalues are to be determined by the design engineer, based onthe specific requirements of the application.6.2 Step 2Define the Reason for Bonding or Sealing toDetermine Performance RequirementsThe next step in se-lecting an adhesive/sealant is to define the reason for bondingor
47、 sealing. Different bonding or sealing applications requirevarying criteria for bonding or sealing. The reason for bondingor sealing (that is, structural, non-structural, thread-fastening)will direct the user to determine and utilize a set of perfor-mance criteria tailored to the requirements of the
48、ir particularapplication. The individual user must set the performancerequirements for each individual bonding and sealing applica-tion according to the specific usage and materials being utilizedin the application. Then, use the data obtained in the perfor-mance and material compatibility phase of
49、this guide (see 6.3),to assess the adhesives or sealants performance against therequired performance.6.3 Step 3Determine Materials of the Parts to be Bondedor Sealed to Ascertain Performance and Material Compatibil-ity RequirementsThe third step in using this guide is todetermine the material, or materials of the parts being bondedor sealed. The information will provide the engineer with theperformance and material compatibility test data required toensure that the adhesive or sealant achieves the requiredperformance levels and will not damage the parts being
