1、Designation: D 6514 03An American National StandardStandard Test Method forHigh Temperature Universal Oxidation Test for Turbine Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6514; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating theoxidation of inhibited lubricants in the
3、 presence of air, copper,and iron metals.1.2 This test method was developed and is used to evaluatethe high temperature oxidation stability and deposit formingtendency of oils for steam and gas turbines. It has been used fortesting other lubricants made with mineral oil and syntheticbasestocks for c
4、ompressors, hydraulic pumps, and other appli-cations, but these have not been used in cooperative testing.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibil
5、ity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Identified hazard-ous chemicals are listed in Section 7. Before using this testmethod, refer to suppliers safety labels, Material Safety Dat
6、aSheets and other technical literature.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 510 Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon SteelB1 Specification for Hard-Drawn Copper WireD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and th
7、e Calculation of DynamicViscosity)D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhib-ited Mineral OilsD 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD 3339 Test Method for Acid Number of Pe
8、troleum Prod-ucts by Semi-Micro Color Indicator TitrationD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4871 Guide for Universal Oxidation/Thermal StabilityTest ApparatusD 5846 Test Method for Universal Oxidation Test for Hy-draulic and Turbine Oils Using the Universal Oxida
9、tionTest Apparatus2.2 British Standards:3BS 1829 Specification for Carbon Steel, alternate to Speci-fication A 5102.3 Institute of Petroleum Standard:4IP 2546 Practice for Sampling of Petroleum Products;Alternate to Practice D 40572.4 ASTM Adjunct5ADJD6514 Oxidation Cell Varnish Standard53. Terminol
10、ogy3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Universal Oxidation Testthe apparatus and proce-dures described in Guide D 4871.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 After determining the viscosity at 40C and acid numberof a sample, a test specimen is stressed at 155C for 96 h.Aftercooling, the t
11、est specimen is vacuum filtered for the determi-nation of the total insolubles formed during the test. Totalinsolubles are reported as low, medium, or high.4.2 The viscosity and the acid number of the filtrate aredetermined and compared with the initial values to ascertainany increase in those value
12、s. Both the change in acid numberand the increase in viscosity at 40C are reported.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of D02.09 onOxidation.Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003.
13、Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 651402.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page o
14、nthe ASTM website.3Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,London W4 4AL, U.K.4Available from Institute of Petroleum (IP), 61 New Cavendish St., London,WIG 7AR, U.K.5Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJD6514. Names of suppliers in the U
15、nited Kingdom can be obtained from theInstitute of Petroleum. Two master standards are held by the IP for reference.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 The glass cell in which the test specimen was stressed isrinsed w
16、ith heptane and dried. Residual deposits are comparedwith ASTM Adjunct ADJD6514, and the results are reported.5. Significance and Use5.1 Degradation of fluid lubricants because of oxidation orthermal breakdown can result in fluid thickening or in theformation of acids or insoluble solids and render
17、the fluid unfitfor further use as a lubricant.5.2 This test method can be used for estimating the oxida-tion stability of oils. It can function as a formulation screeningtool, specification requirement, quality control measurement,or as a means of estimating remaining service life. It shall berecogn
18、ized, however, that correlation between results of thistest method and the oxidation stability of an oil in field servicecan vary markedly with field service conditions and withvarious oils.5.3 This test method is designed to compliment Test MethodD 5846 and is intended for evaluation of fluids whic
19、h do notdegrade significantly within a reasonable period of time at135C.6. Apparatus6.1 Heating Block, as shown in Fig. 1, and as furtherdescribed in Guide D 4871, to provide a controlled constanttemperature for conducting the test.6.1.1 Test cells are maintained at constant elevated tempera-ture by
20、 means of a heated aluminum block which surroundseach test cell. Alternate apparatus designs for sample heatingand for temperature and flow control shall be acceptable,provided they are shown to maintain temperature and gas flowwithin the standards specified limits.6.1.2 Holes in the aluminum block
21、to accommodate the testcells shall provide 1.0 mm maximum clearance for 38-mmFIG. 1 Heating BlockD6514032outside diameter glass tubes. The test cells shall fit into theblock to a depth of 225 6 5 mm.6.2 Temperature Control System, as shown at lower left inFig. 1, and as further described in Guide D
22、4871, to maintainthe test oils in the heating block at 155 6 0.5C for the durationof the test.6.3 Gas Flow Control System, as shown at the upper left inFig. 1, and as further described in Guide D 4871, to provide dryair at a flow rate of 3.0 6 0.5 L/h to each test cell.6.3.1 A gas flow controller is
23、 required for each test cell.6.3.2 Flowmeters shall have a scale length sufficiently longto permit accurate reading and control to within 5 % of fullscale.6.3.3 The total system accuracy shall meet or exceed thefollowing tolerances:6.3.3.1 Inlet pressure regulator within 0.34 kPa (0.05 psig)of setpo
24、int; total flow control system reproducibility within7 % of full scale; repeatability of measurement within 0.5 % offull scale.6.4 Oxidation Cell, borosilicate glass, as shown in Fig. 2,and as further described in Guide D 4871. This consists of atest cell of borosilicate glass, standard wall, 38 mm
25、outsidediameter, 300 6 5-mm length, with open end fitted with a34/45 standard-taper, ground-glass outer joint.6.5 Gas Inlet Tube, as shown in Fig. 2, and as furtherdescribed in Guide D 4871. This consists of an 8-mm outsidediameter glass tube, 455 6 5 mm long, lower end with fusedcapillary 1.5-mm in
26、side diameter. The capillary bore shall be15 6 1 mm long. The lower tip is cut at a 45 angle.6.6 Basic Head, as shown in Fig. 3, and as further describedin Guide D 4871. This is an air condenser, with 34/45 standard-taper, ground-glass inner joint, opening for gas inlet tube,septum port for sample w
27、ithdrawal, and exit tube to conductoff-gases and entrained vapors. Overall length shall be 125 65 mm.6.7 Test precision was developed using the universaloxidation/thermal stability test apparatus described in GuideD 4871.6,7Alternate apparatus designs for sample heating, andfor temperature and flow
28、control shall be acceptable providedthey are shown to maintain temperature and gas flow within thespecified limits.6.8 Drying Oven, explosion proof model recommended.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all re
29、agentsconform to the specifications of the Committee on AnalyticalReagents of the American Chemical Society, where suchspecifications are available.8Other grades may be used, pro-vided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accu
30、racy ofthe determination.7.2 Catalyst Coil (comprised of the following):7,97.2.1 Low-Metalloid Steel Wire, 1.59 mm in diameter (No.16 Washburn and Moen Gage). Carbon steel wire, soft bright6The sole source of supply of the standard commercial apparatus, includingheating block, temperature control sy
31、stem, flow control system, and glassware,known to the committee at this time is Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Drive, SugarGrove, IL 60554-9585. Glassware for the Universal Oxidation test apparatus is alsoavailable from W.A. Sales, Ltd., 419 Harvester Ct., Wheeling, IL 60090.7If you are aware of alternat
32、ive suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee1, which you may attend.8Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washi
33、ngton, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.9The sole
34、source of supply of prepared catalyst coils for use with this testmethod known to the committee at this time isC oilslubricating;oxidation stability; turbine oil; universal oxidation testAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. PROCEDURE FOR PACKAGING CATALYST COILSX1.1 MaterialsX1.1.1 Test Tubes, boro
35、silicate glass, 250 mm length, 25mm outside diameter, approximately 22 mm inside diameter.X1.1.2 Caps, for test tubes, polyethylene, cylindrical shape,designed to closely grip outside surface of the test tube.7,13X1.1.3 Desiccant Bags, 3-g silica gel granules in paperpackage, approximately 76 mm (3
36、in.) long, 51 mm (2 in.)wide, 3 mm (18 in.) thick.7,14X1.1.4 Flushing Tube, stainless steel or glass, approxi-mately 5 mm (316 in.) outside diameter, 305 mm (12 in.) long,to deliver nitrogen to bottom of test tube.X1.1.5 Nitrogen Gas, 99.7 % minimum purity.X1.2 ProcedureFlush a new test tube with ni
37、trogen gas,using the flushing tube, to blow out any loose particles. Thetube must be visibly clean and dry. Hold the tube on an angleand gently slide the catalyst coil into the tube. Add a desiccantbag which has been folded lengthwise to fit in the tube. Insertthe nitrogen flushing tube down the mid
38、dle of the test tube, tothe bottom, and blow nitrogen through the tube for severalseconds. Immediately after withdrawing the flushing tube, sealthe test tube with a polyethylene cap.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item
39、 mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commi
40、ttee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a me
41、eting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
42、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org)
43、.13The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Caplugs, No. 1-SC, available from Unisco, Inc., 600 Palisode Ave., EnglewoodCliffs, NJ.14The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Dri-Pax Air Dryers, available from Davison Che
44、mical Div., W.R. Grace and Co.,Baltimore, MD.TABLE 1 Oxidation Cell Varnish ClassificationClassification Designation DescriptionA0 no varnish clear1 slight varnish clear to light gray-brown2 medium varnish amber to light brown3 severe varnish dark brown to dark red andblack with black depositsAThe ASTM Oxidation Cell Varnish Standard (ADJD6514) is a colored repro-duction of oxidation cells characteristic of these descriptions.D6514036
