1、Designation: D 6567 00 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Light Penetration of a Turf ReinforcementMat (TRM)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6567; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measuring the amount of lightthat penetrates through a Turf Reinforcement M
3、at.1.2 This test method does not provide light penetrationvalues for TRM under variable normal sun and soil conditions.This test method determines nominal light penetration.1.3 The values stated as a percentage are to be regarded asthe standard. The values provided in foot-candles are forinformation
4、 only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Refere
5、nced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for TestingD 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 light penetration, nthe percentage of incandes
6、centlight that is measurable through a geosynthetic material from astatic light source.3.1.2 turf reinforcement mat (TRM), na long term non-degradable rolled erosion control product composed of a UVstabilized, non-degradable, synthetic fibers, nettings or fila-ments, or all of these, processed into
7、three dimensionalreinforcement matrices.3.2 For definition of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 123.3.3 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles andgeomembranes used in this test method, refer to TerminologyD 4439.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The nomin
8、al light penetration of TRMs is determined byobserving the foot-candles on the light meter through adetermined open area versus the amount of foot-candles on thelight meter once the TRM is placed over the determined openarea.5. Significance and Use5.1 Light penetration may be used to control the qua
9、lity ofmany TRMs. Light penetration is not indicative of fieldperformance and therefore is not recommended for specifica-tions.5.2 The light penetration of TRMs may vary considerablydepending on the composite materials used in the matrix of themat or due to inconsistency within a given mat. To minim
10、izevariation, specific sample size and procedures are indicated inthis test method to help ensure comparable results.5.3 This test method may be used to determine the effect ofdifferent composite materials and make-up of TRMs.5.4 This test method may be used for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipm
11、ents of TRMs, but caution is advised sinceinformation on between laboratory precision is incomplete.Comparative tests as directed in 5.4.1 may be advisable.5.4.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial ship
12、ments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as
13、 homogeneous as possible and that areformed from a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should be randomly assigned in equal numbers toeach laboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired date and an acce
14、ptable probability level chosen by the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.05 on Geosyn-thetic Erosion Control.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originallyapproved in 2000. Las
15、t previous edition approved in 2000 as D 6567 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright A
16、STM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.two begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be corrected,or the purchaser and supplier must agree to the light of theknown bias.NOTE 1The user should be aware that the makeup and possiblemov
17、ement of the composite materials, and the like, may affect the TRMsfollowing the time when they are rolled up on rolls shipped and stored.6. Apparatus6.1 Light Penetration BoxSee Fig. 1 (length view), andsee Fig. 2: (width view)NOTE 2The light penetration box shown in Fig. 1 is built from34 in.wood.
18、6.2 Adjustable Rod with Light BulbSee Fig. 3.6.3 Light MeterThe light meter must measure in foot-candles and be capable of measuring determined open areafoot-candle reading as well as determined area with denseTRM material in place. A meter with a digital readout such asExtech Instruments Model 4070
19、26 Heavy Duty Light Meter isrecommended.6.4 Cutting DiesThe cutting dies must be capable ofcutting specimen dimensions at least 200 mm (8 in.) by at least250 mm (10 in.).NOTE 3Due to possible loss of loose internal components duringcutting and handling of many TRMs, care should be exercised to minim
20、izethese effects.7. Sampling7.1 Sample by LotIn the absence of other guidelines,divide the product into lots and sample as specified in PracticeD 4354.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor the laboratory sample, take afull width sample of sufficient length along the selvage or edgeof roll so that the requirement
21、s of 7.3 through 7.4.2 can be met.Exclude the inner and outer wraps of the roll or any materialcontaining folds, crushed areas or other distortions not repre-sentative of the sampled lot.7.3 Test SpecimensRemove the test specimens from thelaboratory sample in a randomly distributed pattern across th
22、ewidth with no specimen taken nearer than 100 mm (4 in.) fromthe selvage or roll edge, unless otherwise specified. Cut five250 by 200 mm (10 by 8 in.) test specimens from the sample.Handle the specimens in a manner to avoid the loss of loosefiller and weaving components.7.4 Number of SpecimensUnless
23、 otherwise agreed upon,as when provided in an applicable material specification, takea number of test specimens per laboratory sample such that theuser may expect a 95 % probability level that the test result isnot more than 5 % of the average above or below the trueaverage of the sample. Determine
24、the number of specimens persample as follows:7.4.1 Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is a reliableestimate of v based upon extensive past records for similarmaterials tested in the users laboratory as directed in themethod, calculate the required number of specimens for thelaboratory sample using Eq
25、1, as follows:n 5 tv/A!2(1)where:n = number of test specimens (rounded upward to a wholenumber),v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of theindividual observations on similar materials in theusers laboratory under conditions of single-operatorposition, %,t = the value of Students t f
26、or one sided limits, a 95 %probability level, and the degrees of freedom associ-ated with the estimate of v, andA = 5.0 % of the average, the value of the allowablevariation.7.4.2 No Reliable Estimate of vWhen there is no reliableestimate of v for the users laboratory, Eq 1 should not be useddirectl
27、y. Instead, specify the fixed number (5) specimens. TheFIG. 1 Light Penetration BoxD 6567 00 (2006)2number of specimens is calculated using v = 9.5 % of theaverage. These values for v are somewhat larger than usuallyfound in practice. When a reliable estimate of v for the userslaboratory becomes ava
28、ilable, Eq 1 will usually require fewerthan the fixed number of specimens.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the specimens to moisture and temperature equi-librium in the atmosphere for testing TRMs, that is a tempera-ture of 21 6 2C (70 6 4F) and relative humidity of 60 610 %.9. Procedure9.1 Test the conditi
29、oned specimens in the standard atmo-spheric condition as set forth in 8.1.9.2 Care should be taken in handling of the test specimensto avoid altering the natural finished state of the material.9.3 Close the top of box, cover the slot where the sample isplaced, and turn on the light source. Place the
30、 light meter on theshelf in front of the opening at the end of the box.9.4 Slide the adjustable rod with bulb inside the box toobtain maximum brightness (highest meter reading), recordreading.9.5 Open top of box and insert the specimen into the slottedarea, being sure to leave no area open to avoid
31、false readings.NOTE 4A stiff opaque border may be use to ensure proper holding ofthe specimen in place if material is flexible. When a border is used, themeter reading taken before placement of the specimen, must include theopen border placed in the slot.9.6 After the top has been closed and the slo
32、t openingcovered, obtain meter reading. Ensure meter is set on theappropriate scale to obtain best reading. Record the results.9.7 Repeat the procedure for each of the remaining speci-mens.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the percent of light penetration as follows inEq 2:% light penetration 5MR2MR13 1
33、00 (2)where:MR1 = meter reading prior to placement of specimen, andMR2 = meter reading with specimen in place.10.2 Calculate the average % light penetration for allspecimens.11. Report11.1 The report for the nominal % light penetration shallinclude the following information:11.1.1 Project, type of T
34、RM tested, and test method ofsampling,11.1.2 Specimen size used in testing if other than standard,11.1.3 Number of tests performed,11.1.4 Type of light source and testing apparatus used,11.1.5 Average nominal % light penetration,11.1.6 Coefficient of variation of light penetration within thesample,
35、in percent (optional), andFIG. 2 End View of BoxFIG. 3 Adjustable Rod and BulbD 6567 00 (2006)311.1.7 Any unusual observations or modifications of samplespecimens as manufactured or test method as described.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of the procedure in this testmethod is bein
36、g evaluated.12.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no bias,because the % light penetration value of the property can onlybe described in terms of the test method.13. Keywords13.1 adjustable rod and bulb; light meter; light penetration;light penetration box; TRMASTM International takes no pos
37、ition respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibil
38、ity.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to AS
39、TM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address
40、 shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 6567 00 (2006)4
