1、Designation: D6923 10aD6923 13Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-CylinderDiesel EngineCaterpillar 1R Test Procedure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the t
3、est procedure describedin this test method. The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2 provides calibration oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratorywill know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar
4、to those obtained byother laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services inseeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S.Army has such a requirementin some of its engine oil specifications. Accordingly, this test method is
5、written for those laboratoriesthat use the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use these services should ignore thoseportions of the test method that refer to the TMC. Information Letters issued periodically by the TMCmay modify this test method.3 In addition, the TMC may issue supplementa
6、ry memoranda related tothe test method.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oilsdeposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standard
7、izedhigh-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.41.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size,
8、or where a sole source supplier is specified.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulat
9、oryrequirements prior to use. Being an engine test method, this test method does have definite hazards that require safe practices (seeAppendix X2 on Safety).1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:Scope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus a
10、nd Installation 6Intake Air System 6.2.1Exhaust System 6.2.2Fuel System 6.2.3Oil Consumption System 6.2.41 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 onAutomotive Lubricants.Current edi
11、tion approved Oct. 1, 2010May 1, 2013. Published November 2010May 2013. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 asD6923D6923 10a.09. DOI: 10.1520/D6923-10A.10.1520/D6923-13.2 ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.3 Until the ne
12、xt revision of this test method, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition inc
13、orporates revisionsin all information Letters through No. 101.121.4 Available from Caterpillar Inc., Engine System Technology Development, P.O. Box 610, Mossville, IL 61552-0610.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what c
14、hanges have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the of
15、ficial document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Engine Oil System 6.2.5Engine Coolant System 6.2.6Engine Instrumentation 6.2.7Reagents and Materials 7Oil
16、 Samples 8Preparation of Apparatus 9General Engine Assembly Practices 9.1Complete Engine Inspection 9.2Copper Component 9.3Engine Lubricant System Flush 9.4Engine Piston Cooling Jet 9.5Engine Measurements and Inspections 9.6Cylinder Head 9.7Valve Guide Bushings 9.8Fuel Injector 9.9Piston and Rings 9
17、.10Cylinder Liner 9.11Compression Ratio 9.12Engine Timing 9.13Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure 9.14Calibration and Standardization 10Test Cell Instrumentation 10.1Instrumentation Standards 10.2Coolant Flow 10.3Fuel Injectors 10.4Air Flow 10.5Intake Air Barrel 10.6Fuel Filter 10.7Oil Scale Fl
18、ow Rates 10.8Test Stand Calibration 10.9Re-calibration Requirements 10.9.1Extending Test Stand Calibration Period 10.9.2Test Run Numbering 10.10Humidity Calibration Requirements 10.11Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters 10.12Procedure 11Engine Break-in Procedure 11.1Cool-down Procedure 11.2Warm-up P
19、rocedure 11.3Shutdowns and Lost Time 11.4Periodic Measurements 11.5Engine Control Systems 11.6Engine Coolant 11.6.1Engine Fuel System 11.6.2Engine Oil Temperature 11.6.3Exhaust Pressure 11.6.4Intake Air 11.6.5Post-Test Procedures 11.7Piston Ring Side Clearances 11.7.1Piston Ratings 11.7.2Ring Gap En
20、d Increase 11.7.3Cylinder Liner Wear 11.7.4Cylinder Liner Bore Polish 11.7.5Photographs 11.7.6Calculation and Interpretation of Results 12Test Validity 12.1Calculations 12.4Quality Index 12.4.1Oil Consumption 12.4.2Report 13Forms and Data Dictionary 13.1Test Validity 13.2Report Specifics 13.3Precisi
21、on and Bias 14Precision 14.1Bias 14.2Keywords 9.11.1AnnexesEngine and Parts Warranty Annex A1Instrument Locations, Measurements and Calculations Annex A2Cooling System Arrangement Annex A3Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation Annex A4Fuel System Design and Required Components Annex A5Oil System A
22、nnex A6Additional Report Forms Annex A7Engine Assembly and Inspection Information Annex A8Flushing Instructions and Apparatus Annex A9Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions Annex A10D6923 132Piston and Liner Rating Modifications Annex A11Return Goods Authorization Claim Form Annex A12AppendixesVa
23、rious Examples of Supplemental Information forReference PurposesAppendix X1Safety Appendix X22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:5D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD97 Test Method fo
24、r Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calc
25、ulation of Dynamic Viscosity)D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate FuelsD129
26、8 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Me
27、thod for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used
28、 Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2013)6D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category
29、 Engine OilsD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine LubricantsD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubr
30、icating Oils andDetermination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5302 Test Method for Evaluation ofAutomotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a Spark-IgnitionInternal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasolin
31、e and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions (Withdrawn2003)6D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)6D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils inTwo-Stroke CycleTurbo-Supercharged 6V92TADiesel Engine (W
32、ithdrawn2009)6D5966 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel EngineD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel EngineD6202 Test Method forAutomotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-DutyTrucks in the S
33、equenceVIA Spark Ignition Engine (Withdrawn 2009)6D6594 Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135 CD6681 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel EngineCaterpillar 1P TestProcedureE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test
34、 Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and HydrometryG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 Coordinating Research Council:CRC Manual No. 2072.3 SAE Standard:SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service Classification85 For referenced
35、ASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.6 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.
36、astm.org.7 Available from the Coordinating Research Council Inc., 3650 Mansell Road Suite 140, Atlanta, GA 30022-8246.8 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.D6923 1332.4 API Standard:API 1509 Engine Service Classification and Guide to
37、Crankcase Oil Selection93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, na material added to another, usually in small amounts, to impart or enhance desirable properties or to suppressundesirable properties. D41753.1.2 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associated with self-propelled machinery, u
38、sually vehicles driven by internalcombustion engines. D44853.1.3 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity of which is unknown by the test facility.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil, which is submitted by a source independent from the test facility. D58443.1.4 blowby, nin int
39、ernal combustion engines, the combustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enter thecrankcase. D53023.1.5 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E3443.1.6 calibrated test stand, na test stand on which the testing of r
40、eference material(s), conducted as specified in the standard,provided acceptable test results.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn several automotive lubricant standard test methods, the TMC2 provides testing guidance and determines acceptability. D66813.1.7 candidate oil, nan oil which is intended to have the perf
41、ormance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification andis to be tested against that specification. D58443.1.8 debris, nin internal combustion engines, solid contaminant materials unintentionally introduced into the engine orresulting from wear. D58623.1.9 dispersant, nin engine oil, an addi
42、tive that reduces deposits on oil-wetted surfaces primarily through suspension ofparticles. D41753.1.10 engine oil, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, or both, between the moving parts within an engine; removes heat,particularly from the underside of pistons; and serves as a combustion gas sea
43、lant for the piston rings.3.1.10.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhance certain properties. Inhibition of engine rusting, deposit formation, valve train wear, oiloxidation and foaming are examples. D58623.1.11 heavy-duty, adj in internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average
44、 speeds, power output and internaltemperatures that are close to the potential maximums. D44853.1.12 lubricant, nany material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between them.D58623.1.13 lubricating oil, na liquid lubricant, usually comprising several ingredie
45、nts, including a major portion of base oil andminor portions of various additives. D59663.1.14 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidate oil.D58443.1.15 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oil with an electron accep
46、tor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested as sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or corrosion,or combination thereof. D66813.1.16 purchaser, nof an ASTM test, person or organization that pays for the conduct of an ASTM test
47、method on a specifiedproduct. D62023.1.17 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.9 Available from The American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005.D6923 1343.1.17.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testin
48、g facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other material (suchas seals) that interact with oils. D58443.1.18 scoring, nin tribology, a severe form of wear characterized by the formation of extensive grooves and scratches in thedirection of sliding. G403.1.19 scuff, scuff
49、ng, nin lubrication, damage caused by instantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative motionthat does not result in immobilization of the parts. D48633.1.20 sponsor, nof an ASTM test method, an organization that is responsible for ensuring supply of the apparatus used in thetest procedure portion of the test method.3.1.20.1 DiscussionIn some instances, such as a test method for chemical analysis, an ASTM working group can be the sponsor of the test method.In other instances, a company with a self-interest may or may not be the dev
