1、Designation: D7826 13Standard Guide forEvaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New AviationGasoline Additives1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7826; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers and provides procedures to developdata for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines ornew a
3、viation gasoline additives.1.2 These research reports are intended to support thedevelopment and issuance of new specifications or specifica-tion revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTMInternational standard specifications for aviation gasoline isprovided in Subcommittee J on Aviation
4、 Fuels OperatingProcedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development andAcceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”1.3 The procedures, tests, selection of materials, engines,and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industryexpertise to give app
5、ropriate data for review. Because of thediversity of aviation hardware and potential variation infuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be encom-passed and further work may be required. Therefore, additionaldata beyond that described in this guide may be requested bythe ASTM task force, Su
6、bcommittee J, or Committee D02upon review of the specific composition, performance, or othercharacteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.1.4 While it is beyond the scope of this guide, investigationof the future health and environmental impacts of the newaviation gasoline or new aviation gasoli
7、ne additive and therequirements of environmental agencies is recommended.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. No other units of measurement are included inthis standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wi
8、th its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospher
9、ic PressureD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD395 Test Methods for
10、Rubber PropertyCompression SetD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD664 Test Method for Acid Nu
11、mber of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-ing OilsD909 Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-IgnitionAviation GasolineD910 Specification for A
12、viation GasolinesD924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-cal Insulating LiquidsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of InhibitedMineral OilsD1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesive
13、ly Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)D1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded Rubber1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D
14、02.J0.02 on Aviation Gasoline.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2013. Published November 2013. DOI:10.1520/D7826-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to
15、the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petro
16、leum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidCellular PlasticsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD2344/D2344M Test Method for Short-Beam Strength ofPolymer Matrix Composite Materials andTheir LaminatesD2386 Test Met
17、hod for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2533 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels (Withdrawn 2008)3D2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plas-tics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD2624 Test Methods for E
18、lectrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Perchlor
19、ic Acid TitrationD3339 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Semi-Micro Color Indicator TitrationD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used GasolineEngine Oils by Gas ChromatographyD3652 Test Method for Thickness of Pressure-Sens
20、itiveTapesD3762 Test Method for Adhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-ity of Aluminum (Wedge Test)D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conduct
21、ivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5188 Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio TemperatureDeterm
22、ination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber Method)D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)3D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5304 Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate FuelStorage Stability by Oxygen Overpr
23、essureD5762 Test Method for Nitrogen in Petroleum and Petro-leum Products by Boat-Inlet ChemiluminescenceD6053 Test Method for Determination of Volatile OrganicCompound (VOC) Content of Electrical Insulating Var-nishesD6227 Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Con-taining a Non-hydrocarbon C
24、omponentD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer TitrationD6424 Practice for Octane Rating NaturallyAspirated SparkIgnition Aircraft EnginesD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6812 P
25、ractice for Ground-Based Octane Rating Proceduresfor Turbocharged/Supercharged Spark Ignition AircraftEnginesD7547 Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded AviationGasolineE659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of LiquidChemicals2.2 EI Standards:4EI 1529 Aviation fuelling hose and hose assembli
26、esEI 1581 Specification and qualification procedures for avia-tion jet fuel filter/separatorsEI 1583 Laboratory tests and minimum performance levelsfor aviation fuel filter monitorsEI 1590 Specifications and qualification procedures for avia-tion fuel microfilters2.3 MODUK Standard:5MODUK DEF STAN 8
27、0-97 Paint System, for the Interior ofBulk Fuel Tank and Fittings, Multi-Pack2.4 ISO Standards:6ISO 1825 Rubber hoses and hose assemblies for aircraftground fuelling and defuellingSpecificationISO 20823 Determination of the flammability characteristicsof fluids in contact with hot surfacesManifold i
28、gnitiontest2.5 UL Standard:7UL 94 Standard for Safety of Flammability of Plastic Mate-rials for Parts in Devices and Appliances Testing2.6 Federal Standards:8DOT/FAA/AR-03/21 Characterization of In-Plane, Shear-Loaded Adhesive Lap Joints: Experiments and AnalysisDOT/FAA/AR-06/10 Guidelines and Recom
29、mended Crite-ria for the Development of a Material Specification forCarbon Fiber/Epoxy Fabric Prepregs14 CFR Part 33:49 Block Tests; Reciprocating AircraftEnginesEndurance TestFed-Std-791 Testing Method of Lubricants, Liquid Fuels,and Related Products3The last approved version of this historical sta
30、ndard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Publications Team, Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St.,London W1G 7AR, UK, http:/www.energyinst.org.5Available from UK Defence Standardization, Kentigern House, Rm. 1138, 65Brown St., Glasgow G2 8EX.6Available from American National Standards Ins
31、titute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.7Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,WA 98607-8542, http:/.8Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washingt
32、on, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.D7826 132MIL-C-6183 Cork and Rubber Composition Sheet, for Aro-matic Fuel and Oil Resistant GasketsMIL-F-5509 Fittings, Flared Tube, Fluid ConnectionMIL-R-83248 Rubber: Fluorocarbon Elastomer, HighTemperature, Fluid and Compression Set ResistantMIL-S-8802 Seali
33、ng Compound, Temperature-Resistant, In-tegral Fuel Tanks and Fuel Cell Cavities, High-Adhesion3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, nsubstance added to a base aviation gaso-line in relatively small amounts that either enables that baseaviation gasoline to meet the applicable specification pr
34、opertiesor does not alter the applicable specification properties of thatbase aviation gasoline beyond allowable limits.3.1.2 aviation gasoline, nfuel possessing specific proper-ties suitable for operating aircraft powered by spark-ignitionpiston engines.3.1.2.1 DiscussionPrincipal properties includ
35、ecombustion, fluidity, volatility corrosion, stability, watershedding, and detonation-free performance in the engine (orengines) for which it is intended. In the context of this guide,the terms fuel and gasoline are interchangeable.3.1.3 production specification, nASTM Internationalaviation gasoline
36、 standard that specifies the properties,performance, and composition necessary to provide a level ofcontrol to support large-scale production, distribution, and theconduct of commerce.3.1.4 test specification, nASTM International aviationgasoline standard specifying the properties, performance, andc
37、omposition necessary to provide a level of control to supportthe conduct of testing and analysis for development of anASTM International aviation gasoline production specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 critical altitude, nmaximum altitude at which, instandard atmos
38、phere, it is possible to maintain at a specificengine revolutions per minute (RPM), a specified power, or aspecified manifold pressure.3.2.1.1 DiscussionUnless otherwise stated, the criticalaltitude is the maximum altitude at which it is possible tomaintain, at the maximum engine RPM, one of the fol
39、lowing:(1) The maximum continuous power, in the case of enginesfor which this power rating is the same, at sea level and at therated altitude or(2) The maximum continuous rated manifold pressure, inthe case of engines, the maximum continuous power of whichis governed by a constant manifold pressure.
40、3.2.2 fit-for-purpose, adjdescribes a condition of accep-tance of an aviation fuel or aviation fuel additive that signifiesacceptable performance in aircraft and aircraft engines.3.2.3 fit-for-purpose properties, ncharacteristics of anaviation fuel or aviation fuel additive in the fuel that are notc
41、ontrolled by the fuel specification or specification propertiesbut that are specified for evaluation in addition to the specifi-cation properties to provide a comprehensive assessment of thesuitability of an aviation fuel for use on aircraft and aircraftengines.3.2.4 production specification researc
42、h report,ncompilation of the technical data describing thecomposition, properties, and performance of an aviation gaso-line used to support development and issuance of a productionspecification.3.2.5 sponsor, nentity submitting a new fuel or new fueladditive for review.3.2.6 test specification resea
43、rch report, ncompilation ofthe technical data describing the composition, properties, andperformance of an aviation gasoline used to support develop-ment and issuance of a test specification.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This guide gives laboratory and aircraft equipment testguidance to evaluate a new a
44、viation gasoline or aviationgasoline additive. This guide includes requirements that ad-dress the following subjects:4.1.1 Basic specification properties;4.1.2 Fit-for-purpose properties, including compatibilitywith other aviation gasolines and aviation piston-engine lubri-cants;4.1.3 Materials comp
45、atibility;4.1.4 Aircraft component bench or rig testing;4.1.5 Engine test cell evaluation; and4.1.6 Aircraft flight test evaluation.4.2 The procedure for new aviation gasolines is organizedinto Phase 1 and Phase 2. Details of the two phases:4.2.1 Phase 1 is a test specification phase structured topr
46、oduce data to support the development and review of anASTM International Aviation Gasoline Test Specification (see6.2). The process to develop, review, and issue an ASTMInternational aviation gasoline test specification is not ad-dressed in this guide.4.2.2 Phase 2 is a production specification phas
47、e structuredto produce data to support the development and review of anASTM International aviation gasoline production specification(see 6.3). The process to develop, review, and issue an ASTMInternational aviation gasoline production specification is notaddressed in this guide.4.3 The procedure for
48、 new aviation gasoline additivesconsists of only one phase.4.4 The procedure to evaluate new aviation gasolines isprogressive and iterative in nature with the extent of continuedtesting determined by the fuel properties, characteristics, andtest results revealed at each successive stage. The extent
49、oftesting can be expected to grow with increasing degree ofdivergence from the properties, performance, and experiencewith existing aviation gasolines. This degree of divergence andits consequences are evaluated during the analysis of dataprovided in the research reports.4.5 The procedure to evaluate new aviation gasoline addi-tives is also progressive and iterative in nature with the extentof continued testing determined by the additive properties,characteristics, and test results revealed at each successivestage. The extent of testing can be expect
