1、Designation: D7859 13Standard Practice forSpraying, Sampling, Packaging, and Test SpecimenPreparation of Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulationfor Testing of Emissions Using Environmental Chambers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7859; the number immediately following the desig
2、nation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes standar
3、dized procedures for thepreparation, spraying, packaging, and shipping of fresh spraypolyurethane foam (SPF) insulation product samples to betested for their emissions of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Theseprocedures are applicable to both closed-cell
4、and open-cell SPFinsulation products. Potential chemical emissions of interestinclude blowing agents, solvents, aldehydes, amine catalysts,diisocyanates, and flame retardants.1.2 Typically, SPF insulation samples are prepared at onelocation, such as a chemical manufacturing facility or a fieldproduc
5、t installation site. The newly prepared samples arepreserved in a sealed bag, placed in a secondary container, andthen shipped to a laboratory for testing.1.3 The spraying of SPF insulation products is only to beperformed by trained individuals using professional sprayingequipment under controlled c
6、onditions. The details of thespraying equipment and spraying procedures are based onindustry practice and are outside of the scope of this practice.1.4 This practice also describes procedures for the labora-tory preparation of test specimens from open-cell and closed-cell SPF insulation product samp
7、les. These specimens areprepared for testing in small-scale chambers following GuideD5116 and in micro-scale chambers that are described inPractice D7706.1.5 Procedures for VOC and SVOC emission testing, gassample collection and chemical analysis are outside of thescope of this practice. Such proced
8、ures will need to address thepotential for emissions of some SVOCs, for example, aminecatalysts, flame retardant and isocyanates, to adhere to thechamber walls.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standar
9、d does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
10、 Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsD7706 Practice for Rapid Screening of VOC Emissionsfrom
11、Products Using Micro-Scale Chambers3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms commonly used for samplingand analysis of atmospheres, refer to Terminology D1356. Fordefinitions of terms commonly used when testing products andmaterials for VOC emissions, refer to Guide D5116.3.2 A-Sidepolymeric methyl
12、ene diphenyl diisocyanate(MDI) which is typically predominantly comprised of 4,4-MDIand higher molecular weight oligomers of MDI.3.3 B-sidepolyol system, or resin system, that is com-prised mostly of polyol(s), with smaller amounts of catalyst(s),flame retardant(s), blowing agent(s), and other addit
13、ives.3.4 Open-cell SPFSPF that contains cells or voids that arelargely interconnected. Open-cell SPF insulation typically hasa density between 6.4 to 9.6 kilograms per cubic metre whenfully cured.3.5 Closed-cell SPFSPF that contains cells or voids thatare not interconnected. Closed-cell SPF insulati
14、on typically hasa density between 24 to 32 kilograms per cubic metre whenfully cured.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. DOI
15、: 10.1520/D7859-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
16、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice is applicable to open-cell and closed-cellspray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation. Procedures aredescribed for the preparation, spraying, packaging, shipping,and test specimen preparation
17、 of small, representative samplesof these products. The samples are then sent to a laboratory andtested for emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organiccompounds in environmental test chambers described in GuideD5116 and Practice D7706.4.2 Samples are prepared by trained and competent opera-tors
18、using professional spraying equipment. Detailed instruc-tions on the selection and operation of this equipment areoutside of the scope of this practice. This practice specifies theinformation to be collected during the spraying operation. Atest sample is sprayed to a defined thickness and size onto
19、adefined substrate. The sample is wrapped with aluminum foil,packaged in a layered polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bag,placed in a secondary container, and sent to the laboratory onthe same day it is sprayed and prepared, if possible.4.3 Testing is to begin within 48 h of the time the sample isspra
20、yed and prepared. When testing in a small-scale environ-mental chamber, the laboratory cuts the sample to create a testspecimen of a defined thickness and size. The thickness varieswith product type as specified in 8.3 and 8.4. The test specimenis placed into a tight-fitting stainless-steel holder w
21、ith only theupper face of the product exposed. The specimen in its holderis transferred to the test chamber. Specialized procedures aredescribed in 8.5 for preparing specimens for testing in micro-scale chambers.5. Significance and Use5.1 Manufacturers of SPF insulation may need to test theirproduct
22、s for vapor-phase emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in order to comply with voluntarystandards, purchase specifications, or other requirements.5.2 Since SPF insulation is formed by chemical reactionwhen combining a two-component mixture during spraying,specialized equipment a
23、nd procedures are needed to reproduc-ibly create representative samples suitable for emission testing.5.3 SPF insulation product manufacturers specificationsand instructions must be followed carefully and detailedinformation regarding the spraying process must be recorded(see 7.3). Other precautions
24、 regarding handling and shippingare needed to ensure that the chemical integrity of samples ispreserved to the extent possible by practical means (see 7.5).5.4 Laboratories must prepare representative test specimensfrom samples of SPF insulation in a consistent manner so thatemission tests can be re
25、produced and reliable comparisons canbe made between test data for different samples.6. Materials6.1 Spray gun and related spraying equipment for applica-tion of the SPF insulation product shall be as specified by theSPF insulation product manufacturer. The main equipmentcomponents typically consist
26、 of: spray gun with impingementmixing technology for mixing the two part liquid productinside the gun, gun tip, and purge system; proportioningmachine with pumps, pressure controls and heating capacity;and heated hoses. Contact the SPF equipment manufacturer fordetails concerning the spraying equipm
27、ent. (WarningDONOT attempt to create SPF insulation samples without theproper spraying equipment or without proper training in theoperation of this equipment including the use of appropriatepersonal protective equipment.3)6.2 Substrate MaterialClean high-density polyethylene(HDPE) sheets, cut to min
28、imum dimensions of 30 by 30-cm,with a minimum thickness of 9-mm.6.3 Knife or saw, clean and free of cutting oils and otherorganic contaminants.6.4 Circular foam coring tool constructed of steel to cut SPFinsulation samples to fit tightly into sample holders or directlyinto micro-scale chambers as de
29、scribed in Practice D7706.6.5 Layered polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bags, with amiddle layer of aluminum foil and an inner layer of linear lowdensity polyethylene (LLDPE), light resistant, preferably withzipper seal (zipper seal may not be available on larger sizedbags), composite layer approxima
30、tely 0.127-mm thick. Bagsare available commercially for food storage and should besized to minimize headspace when the sample is placed in thebag.NOTE 1For open-cell SPF products, a bag size of approximately 51 by76 cm has been found to be suitable. For closed-cell SPF products, a bagsize of approxi
31、mately 46 by 71 cm has been found to be suitable.6.6 Packaging tape, clear, approximately 5-cm wide.6.7 Stainless steel sample holder with open top; dimensionsare described in 8.3.3 and 8.4.3 depending on the type ofmaterial being tested.6.8 Stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) shimsfor
32、 sample holder, as necessary.6.9 Aluminum foil, clean, heavy-gauge roll, approximately0.024-mm thick.6.10 Shipping container, sturdy and insulated secondarycontainer such as a recreational cooler or a molded insulatedshipping container housed in a cardboard box. The insulatedcontainer should be as a
33、ir tight as possible.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Prepare and spray the SPF insulation sample either in acontrolled spray booth or room at a product manufacturinglocation or in the field at a building application site using theequipment and processing parameters that are specified by theSPF insulation p
34、roduct manufacturer for application of theproduct in buildings. The spray booth or room should bemaintained at a constant temperature of 23 6 2C and relativehumidity of 80%. However, the preparer may elect to utilizedifferent environmental parameters in the spray booth or roomto mimic a particular f
35、ield condition (for example, cold weatherapplication). Environmental conditions of the spray booth or3SPF applicator on-line health and safety training is available from the Centerfor the Polyurethanes Industry at www.spraypolyurethane.orgD7859 132room must be documented. For safety and to ensure th
36、atsamples are prepared properly, preparation and spraying mustbe conducted by a trained and competent operator. Follow allapplicable safety instructions.NOTE 2Industry programs that accredit spray foam contractors andoperators are available.47.2 Prior to spraying the SPF insulation sample, the opera
37、torshall ensure that the container of the B-side material of theproduct is adequately mixed if specified by the manufacturer.Prior to spraying, the operator flushes the spray equipmentusing the product formulation to be tested so that potentialresiduals from previously-sprayed products do not contam
38、inatethe sample. Flush the A- and B-side hoses with the material tobe sprayed using volume equal to at least three times the hosevolume. If the spray gun incorporates a self-cleaning mecha-nism (that is, solvent), the solvent name and its ChemicalAbstract Service (CAS) registry number are recorded a
39、ndcommunicated to the laboratory.7.3 At the time of spraying, record the following informa-tion:7.3.1 Spray operator name, affiliation, and, if applicable,certifications/accreditations;7.3.2 SPF insulation product manufacturer name, productname, whether open-cell or closed cell formulation, and lotn
40、umbers of the A- and B-side SPF materials;7.3.3 Manufacturer, model, and serial numbers for spraygun, gun tip, proportioner, and other related spraying equip-ment;7.3.4 Spray booth or room temperature, relative humidity,and barometric pressure;7.3.5 A-side and B-side preheater set-point temperatures
41、,static (not spraying) and dynamic (spraying) pressures, andhose heater set-point temperature;7.3.6 Date and time sample was sprayed, number of lifts(layers or passes) used to create the sample.7.3.7 If known, whether or not the surface skin of thesample will be trimmed in the field to align the SPF
42、 surfacewith wall studs or other structural elements; and7.3.8 Any other relevant information. Photographs of thekey spraying operations are recommended to be included aspart of the record.7.4 Spraying Operation:7.4.1 If spraying horizontally, elevate the HDPE substrateseveral centimetres above the
43、spraying surface using forexample small blocks of wood, disposable cups, or othersupport.7.4.2 For open-cell SPF insulation, spray the product ontothe substrate so that the substrate is covered to a foam thicknessof greater than 10 cm (typically 1011 cm), using one lift (layeror pass). An additional
44、 lift may be performed if it is necessaryto achieve the proper thickness.7.4.3 For closed-cell SPF insulation, spray the product ontothe substrate so that the substrate is covered to a foam thicknessof greater than 4 cm (typically 45 cm), using one lift (layer orpass). An additional lift may be perf
45、ormed if it is necessary toachieve the proper thickness.7.5 Packaging and Shipping:7.5.1 After spraying, wait one hour to allow curing of theSPF insulation material. Wrap the sample, including the HDPEsubstrate, with at least one layer of clean aluminum foil. Then,place the entire wrapped sample int
46、o a layered PET bag of asize that minimizes the headspace over the sample. To furtherminimize headspace, manually force as much air out of the bagas possible, but do not use any vacuum. Record the time thesample is packaged.7.5.2 Label the outside of the layered PET storage bag withsample identifica
47、tion, but DO NOT write on the SPF insulationsamples, aluminum foil or substrate. If the bag has a zipperseal, close the zipper. Seal again by creating a 5-cm fold, repeatthe fold several times, and then apply packaging tape to thefold. Do not heat-seal the layered PET bag.7.5.3 Place layered PET bag
48、(s) in a sturdy and insulatedsecondary container such as a recreational cooler or a moldedinsulated shipping container housed in a cardboard box. Theinsulated container should be as air tight as possible. Thesample is now ready for shipment to the laboratory. Do not addice packs to the shipping cont
49、ainer or expose the shippingcontainer to excessive heat.NOTE 3This practice does not address the impact of environmentalconditions during shipping on emissions tests. It is recommended to placeelectronic data loggers that monitor pressure, temperature and relativehumidity inside the shipping container to record these parameters duringtransport. If data loggers are used during transport, record the data uponreceipt in the laboratory as specified in 8.1. The data can be used toevaluate sources of variability during transport. Some carriers offertemperature controlled servi
