1、Designation: F 2046 00 (Reapproved 2006)An American National StandardStandard Specification forTachometers, Various1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2046; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers various tachometers capable ofmeasuring rotational shaft speed.1.2 Special requirement
3、s for tachometer types used in navalshipboard applications are included in Supplement S1.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging3.
4、Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 SI (Le Systeme International dUnites) Unitsunits ofmeasurement recognized by the Comite International desPoids et Mesures (CIPM).3.1.2 tachometeran instrument capable of generating,transmitting, and indicating information or signal that can beconvened into a function
5、 of rotational speed.4. Classification4.1 Design TypesThe following are among the types oftachometers available:(1) Centrifugal;(2) Centrifugal, flexible drive;(3) Chonometric;(4) Electrical, alternating current (ac) voltage responsive,direct drive;(5) Electrical reactance;(6) Electrical, magnetovol
6、tmeter, direct drive;(7) Electrical, magnetovoltmeter;(8) Frequency responsive, electrical control box and volt-meter, direct drive;(9) Frequency sensitive, electrical, nonrotating magneticpickup, direct drive, consists of a magnetic pickup, transducer,and indicator;(10) Photoelectric;(11) Digital c
7、ontact;(12) Centrifugal, flexible drive; and(13) Vibrating resonant reed.5. Ordering Information5.1 The buyer shall provide the manufacturer with all of thepertinent application data in accordance with the acquisitionrequirements, 5.2.5.2 Acquisition RequirementsAcquisition documentsshall specify th
8、e following:(1) Title, number, and date of this specification;(2) Quantity of tachometers required;(3) Range;(4) Manufacturers part number;(5) When qualification inspection is required;(6) Final disposition of qualification test samples;(7) Type of electrical connection;(8) Mounting method;(9) Envir
9、onmental requirements;(10) Materials;(11) Size and weight restrictions;(12) Critical service life requirements;(13) Performance requirements;(14) Surface finish requirements;(15) Cleaning requirements;(16) When certification is required;(17) Marking requirements;(18) Packaging requirements; and(19)
10、Preservation requirements.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Material SelectionThe materials for all parts shall beselected for long-term compatibility with the environment inwhich the tachometer will be installed or used.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand M
11、arine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.10 onElectrical.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006. Published February 2006. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 2046 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org,
12、orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 Material Ins
13、pectionThe manufacturer shall be respon-sible for ensuring that materials used are manufactured, exam-ined, and tested in accordance with the specifications andstandards as applicable.7. Physical Properties7.1 Size and WeightThe buyer may have intended appli-cations where size and weight are limited
14、. Size and weightlimitations shall be specified in the acquisition requirements.8. Performance Requirements8.1 Service LifeThe buyer may have a minimum specifiedservice life requirement. Critical service life requirements shallbe specified in the acquisition requirements.8.2 Tachometer PerformancePe
15、rformance tolerances areusually specified in percentage of range span. The followingperformance characteristics and environmental exposures mayor may not be important to each buyers intended application.(1) Accuracy,(2) Repeatability,(3) Damping,(4) Temperature,(5) Humidity,(6) Salt spray,(7) Vibrat
16、ion,(8) Shock, and(9) Electromagnetic interference (EMI).9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Cleaning, Finish, and AppearanceAny special clean-ing, surface finish, and appearance requirements shall bespecified in the acquisition requirements.10. Inspection10.1 Classification of InspectionsThe
17、inspection require-ments specified herein are classified as follows:(1) Qualification testing and(2) Quality conformance testing.10.2 Qualification TestingQualification test requirementsshall be specified, where applicable. Test methods should beidentified for each design and performance characteris
18、ticspecified. Test report documentation requirements should alsobe specified.10.3 Quality Conformance TestingQuality conformanceinspection is accomplished when acceptance and qualificationtesting is satisfied by a previous acquisition or when theproduct has demonstrated reliability in similar applic
19、ations.Quality conformance inspection is usually less intensive thanacceptance and qualification, often verifying that samples of aproduction lot meet a few critical performance requirements.11. Number of Tests and Retests11.1 Test SpecimensThe number of test specimens to besubjected to qualificatio
20、n testing shall depend on the tachom-eter design. If each range is covered by a separate and distinctdesign, a test specimen for each range will require testing. Ininstances in which a singular design series may cover multipleranges and types, it is recommended that three test specimensbe tested pro
21、vided the electrical and mechanical similarities areapproved by the buyer. In no case, however, should less thanthree units, one unit each representing low, medium, and highranges, be tested, regardless of design similarity.12. Test Methods12.1 TestsAll tests shall be performed in accordance withAST
22、M, ASME, or industry standards as specified.12.2 Test DataAll test data shall remain on file at themanufacturers facility for review by the buyer upon request. Itis recommended that test data be retained in the manufacturersfiles for at least three years or a period of time acceptable to thebuyer an
23、d manufacturer.13. Quality Assurance Provisions13.1 Warranty:13.1.1 Responsibility for WarrantyUnless otherwisespecified, the manufacturer is responsible for the following:(1) All materials used to produce a unit and(2) Manufacturer will warrant his product to be free fromdefect of workmanship to pr
24、oduce the unit.14. Certification14.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, thebuyer shall be furnished certification that samples representingeach lot have been either tested or inspected as directed in thisspecification, and the requirements have been met. Whenspecified in the purchase
25、order or contract, a report of the testresults shall be furnished.15. Product Marking15.1 User-specified product marking shall be listed in theacquisition requirements. The minimum data to be clearlymarked on each tachometer shall include the following:(1) Manufacturers name,(2) Manufacturers part n
26、umber,(3) Serial number or lot number,(4) Date of manufacture, and(5) Range.16. Packaging and Package Marking16.1 Packaging of Product for DeliveryProduct shall bepackaged for shipment in accordance with Practice D 3951.16.2 Any special preservation, packaging, or package mark-ing requirements for s
27、hipment or storage shall be identified inthe acquisition requirements.17. Keywords17.1 tachometerF 2046 00 (2006)2SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements established for U.S. Naval shipboard application shallapply when specified in the contract or purchase order. When ther
28、e is conflict between the standard(Specification F 2046) and this supplement, the requirements of this supplement shall take precedencefor equipment acquired by this supplement. This document supersedes MIL-T-16049C, Tachometers:Electrical; Self-Generating; Mechanical, Fixed Mounting, and Hand Held;
29、 and Vibrating Reed, fornew ship construction. This document also supersedes MIL-T-24797, Tachometers, Fiber Optic,(Naval Shipboard Use), (Metric) General Specification for, for new ship construction.TACHOMETERS: ELECTRIC AND FIBER OPTIC, FIXED MOUNTINGS1. ScopeS1.1 This supplement covers single-ran
30、ge noncontact elec-tric and fiber-optic tachometers capable of generating, trans-mitting, and indicating information or signal that can beconverted into a function of rotational speed. The subjecttachometers may be used in shipboard systems, such as gasgenerators, power turbines, propulsion shafts,
31、and gas steamturbine generators.S1.2 Vibrating reed resonant-type tachometers are not cov-ered in this specification.S1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.S2. Referenced DocumentsS2.1 Commercial Documents:S2.1.1
32、ASTM Standards:B 117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus2D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging2S2.1.2 ANSI/ISA Standards:ANSI/ISA S37.1 (R-1982) Electrical Transducer Nomencla-ture and Terminology3ANSI/ASQC Q9001-1994 Quality SystemsModel forQualityAssurance in Design, Development,
33、Production, Instal-lation, Inspection, Testing, and Servicing3S2.1.3 Electronic Industries Association (EIA):RS-422 Electrical Characteristics of Balanced Voltage Digi-tal Interface Circuit4455-22 FOTP-22 Ambient Light Susceptibility of FiberOptic Components4455-34 FOTP-34 Interconnection Device Ins
34、ertion LossTest4S2.2 Government Documents:S2.2.1 Military Standards:MIL-STD-461 Electromagnetic Interference Characteristicsof Subsystems and Equipment, Requirements for the Controlof5MIL-STD-167-1 Mechanical Vibrations of ShipboardEquipment (Type IEnvironmental and Type IIInternallyExcited)5S2.2.1
35、Military Specifications:MS3452 Connector, Receptacle, Electric, Box Mounting,Rear Release, Crimp Contact, AN Type5MS3456 Connector, Plug, Electrical, Rear Release, CrimpContact, AN Type5MIL-C-5015 Connectors, Electrical, Circular Threaded, ANType General Specification for5MIL-M-24794 Material, Index
36、 Matching, Fiber Optics5MIL-F-49291 Fiber, Optical, (Metric), General Specifica-tions for5MIL-C-83522 Connectors, Fiber Optic, Single Terminus,General Specification for5MIL-C-83522/16 Connector, Fiber Optic, Single Terminus,Plug, Adapter Style, 2.5 mm Bayonet Coupling, Epoxy5MIL-C-83522/17 Connector
37、, Fiber Optic, Single Terminus,Adapter, 2.5 mm Bayonet Coupling, Bulkhead Panel Mount5MIL-C-83522/18 Connector Fiber Optic, Single Terminus,Adapter, 2.5 mm Bayonet Coupling, PC Mount5MIL-C-85045 Cables, Fiber Optic, (Metric), General Speci-fication for5MIL-S-901 Shock Tests, H.I. (High Impact), Ship
38、boardMachinery, Equipment, and Systems, Requirements for5S3. TerminologyS3.1 DefinitionsTerms marked with (ANSI/ISA S37.1)are taken directly from ANSI/ISA S37.1 (R-1982) and areincluded for the convenience of the reader.S3.1.1 ambient conditionsconditions, such as pressureand temperature, of the med
39、ium surrounding the case of asensor (ANSI/ISA S37.1).S3.1.2 calibrationtest during which known values ofmeasurands are applied to the sensor and corresponding outputreadings are recorded under specific conditions (ANSI/ISAS37.1).S3.1.3 environmental conditionsspecified external condi-tions, such as
40、shock, vibration, and temperature, to which asensor may be exposed during shipping, storage, handling, andoperation (ANSI/ISA S37.1).S3.1.4 errorthe error for a given value of the inputvariable (measurand) is the difference between the measuredvalue of the output signal and the expected value of the
41、 outputsignal. The expected value of the output signal for any value ofthe measurand shall be represented by a straight line whose endpoints are given by:3Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from Electronics Industries Associ
42、ation, 2500 Wilson Blvd., Arling-ton, VA 22201.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 191115094, Attn: NPODS.F 2046 00 (2006)3S3.1.4.1 The specified value of the output signal at theminimum input value of the measurand (for example,
43、 4 mA atthe minimum specified rotational speed).S3.1.4.2 The specified value of the output signal at themaximum input value of the measurand (for example, 20 mAat the maximum specified rotational speed).S3.1.5 noncontact tachometerany type of tachometer thatsenses or responds to rotational speed wit
44、hout physical contactor mechanical connection to the shaft being measured.S3.1.6 operating environmental conditionsenvironmentalconditions during exposure to which a sensor must perform insome specified manner (ANSI/ISA S37.1).S3.1.7 opticalinvolving the use of light-sensitive devicesto acquire info
45、rmation.S3.1.8 optical fibera very thin filament or fiber, made ofdielectric materials, that is enclosed by material of lower indexof refraction and transmits light throughout its length byinternal reflections.S3.1.9 optoelectronics modulea component of the fiberoptic tachometer that contains the op
46、tical source and detector,and signal conditioner devices necessary to convert the sensedrotational speed to a specified output signal.S3.1.10 outputelectrical or numerical quantity, producedby a sensor or measurement system, that is a function of theapplied measurand.S3.1.11 rangemeasurand values, o
47、ver which a sensor isintended to measure, specified by their upper and lower limits(ANSI/ISA S37.1).S3.1.12 repeatabilityability of a sensor to reproduceoutput readings when the same measurand value is applied toit consecutively, under the same conditions, and in the samedirection (ANSI/ISA S37.1).S
48、3.1.13 sensor elementthat part of the sensor that re-sponds directly to the measurand (ANSI/ISA S37.1).S3.1.14 sensor headthe transduction element of a fiberoptic tachometer that detects rotational speed by means ofchanges in optical properties.S3.1.15 sheaththe protective covering of a sensor ele-m
49、ent.S3.1.16 signal conditioneran electronic device thatmakes the output signal from a transduction element compat-ible with a readout system.S3.1.17 spanthe algebraic difference between the limitsof the measurement range.S3.1.18 static error bandthe maximum deviation from astraight line drawn through the coordinates of the lower rangelimit at specified sensor output, and the upper range limit atspecified output expressed in percentage of sensor span.S3.1.19 supporting surfacesurface on which the equip-ment is placed.S3.1.20 targetd
