1、Designation: F537 01 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Specification forDesign, Fabrication, and Installation of Fences Constructedof Wood and Related Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F537; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope
3、1.1 This specification covers all wood fences, includingfences combined with wood and other materials.1.2 This specification covers three classifications of woodfences. This specification is based on fundamental constructionprinciples combined with long-standing traditional fence build-ing skills, a
4、nd covers the design, fabrication, and installationpractices of wood fences.1.3 This specification also provides a systematic method ofpurchase, inspection with basis for rejection, and certificationof manufactured wood fences by the fence industry.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
5、 regardedas the standard. Acceptable industry-wide SI equivalents arebeing developed.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A641/A641M Specification for ZincCoated (Galvanized)Carbon Steel WireA809 Specification for Aluminum-Coated (Aluminized)Carbon Steel WireB221 Specification for Aluminum and
6、 Aluminum-Alloy Ex-truded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and TubesD2605 Specification for Volatile Petroleum Solvent (LPG)for Preparing Pentachlorophenol Solutions (Withdrawn1992)3D3225 Specification for Low-Boiling Hydrocarbon Solventfor Oil-Borne Preservatives (Withdrawn 2006)3D3506 Specification for
7、 Inhibited Grade Methylene Chlo-ride for Preparing Pentachlorophenol Solutions (With-drawn 1992)3F1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatings onSteel Industrial Fence FrameworkF1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, andStaples2.2 Federal Standards:TT-W-572B Fungicide: Pe
8、ntachlorophenol42.3 Canadian Standards Association Document:B111-74 Specification for Wire Nails, Spikes, and Staples52.4 National Forest Products Association Standard:National Design Specification for Stress Grade Lumber andIts Fastenings62.5 Voluntary Product Standards:PS 20-70 Softwood Lumber7PS
9、1-74 Softwood Plywood72.6 American Plywood Association Standard:Specification for Plywood Design82.7 American Wood Preservers Association Standards:C1 All Timber Products, Preservative Treatment by PressureProcess9C2 Lumber, Timbers, Bridge Ties, Mine Ties, PreservativeTreatment by Pressure Process9
10、C5 Fence Post, Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process9C9 Plywood, Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process9C16 Wood Used on Farms, Preservative Treatment by Pres-sure Process9C23 Round Poles and Posts Used For Building Construction,Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process91This specification
11、 is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F14 on Fencesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.15 on Other Fence Systems andComponents.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F537 - 01(2007).
12、 DOI:10.1520/F0537-01R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this h
13、istorical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5Available from Canadian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Rexdale,Ontario, Canada M 9W 1R3.6Available from Natio
14、nal Forest ProductsAssociation, 1619 MassachusettsAve.,N.W., Washington, DC 20036.7Available from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards,Washington, DC 20234.8Available from American Plywood Association, 1119 A St., Tacoma, WA98401.9Available from American Wood Preservers Associat
15、ion, P.O. Box 849,Stevensville, MD 21666.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1M4 Care of Pressure Treated Wood Products93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 back railsrails on which cover material is directlyattached.3.1.2 b
16、oardslumber that is up to 1 in. in nominal thicknessand 2 in. or wider in nominal width.3.1.3 cover materialthe face or fill material attached to afence structural frame.3.1.4 custom fence designany fence design that is signifi-cantly different from those described in this specification.Custom fence
17、 designs are also required to meet all require-ments regarding materials, fabrication, installation,workmanship, and structural equivalency as set forth withinthis specification.3.1.5 panel productsall modular products available instandardized rectangular panels, many of which are suited toexterior
18、applications such as privacy fencing. Examples areplywood, fiberglass, and corrugated metals.3.1.6 picketsnarrow wood members that are sawn, split,sliced, milled, natural round or half-round, and are approxi-mately 2 to 4 in. in face or coverage width.3.1.7 poststhe vertical structural support membe
19、rs of thefence frame.3.1.8 railsthe horizontal structural support members ofthe fence frame.3.1.9 slats or weave boardsthe horizontal or verticalmembers used in basketweave type fences normally38 to34 in.thick and 3 in. or wider in nominal width.3.1.10 standard fence designany fence structural frame
20、 orfence-type classification covered within this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 boards or picketsfence boards or pickets are speci-fied by the desired shape or manufacture of the upright endwhen installed vertically as described in 3.2.2 through 3.2.9.3.2.2 Ca
21、lifornia clipped cornerscorners similar to 3.2.8,except the clip angle is steeper at approximately 65.3.2.3 diamond pointa board or picket similar to thestandard point (3.2.9), except it consists of additional angularcuts, front and back, so that the top appears as a triangle fromfour angles of view
22、, or pyramid shaped.3.2.4 flattopa simple flat or 90 square cut end.3.2.5 gothica picket or board in which the shape is formedby two arc-shaped cuts that meet at center to form a gracefulpoint at the top.3.2.6 handsplitpickets, posts, and rails which are split bymachine or by hand using an axe or fr
23、oe, etc.3.2.7 pencil pointa picket or board that is conical in shape,and common to round and half-round pickets.3.2.8 standard clipped corners (or dog-eared corners)corners which are clipped diagonally (approximately 45).3.2.9 standard pointa picket or fence board cut to a pointat approximately 45 a
24、ngles.3.2.10 postsfence posts are specified by the desired shapeor manufacture of their above ground tops as described in3.2.11 through 3.2.15.3.2.11 chamfered postsin round or square posts, the shal-low diagonal cut or easing of the otherwise square-cut end.Usually measures from34 to 112 in. along
25、the chamfer.3.2.12 diamond-point poststhe pyramid-shaped ends ofpost which are formed by angle cuts of approximately 45.3.2.13 domed postsrounded ends of either round or squareposts.3.2.14 flattop fence poststhe square cut ends of post.3.2.15 pencil-point postsconically shaped round post tops.4. Cla
26、ssification of Standard Fence Types4.1 The generic classifications of wood fencing in 4.2through 4.5 have gained common recognition throughout thefence industry and are adapted to this specification as a meansof identifying a basic fence type. These classifications may beused in all cases as part of
27、 the purchase agreement betweenbuyers and sellers of wood fencing; except a detaileddescription, drawing, or rendering of a custom fence designmay be substituted where necessary.4.2 Type IRail Fences:4.2.1 Split RailThe common country fence of alternatinglayers of handsplit rails laid up in zigzag t
28、iers.4.2.2 Split or Sawn Post and Rail, or BothThe rustic fencemade up of split or sawn rails (two to four rails) installed intoslotted split or sawn posts.4.2.3 Round Post and RailA fence similar to that de-scribed in 4.2.2, except posts and rails are round or naturalshaped; normally produced in tw
29、o, three, and four rail fences.The rails are machined at ends to form a paddle-shaped scarfjoint to be installed into post slots or formed into doweled endsfor installing into posts with round connections.4.2.3.1 Herringbone Pattern Round Post and RailAfenceas described in 4.2.3, except it is normal
30、ly a three-rail fencewith small round wood inserts (doweled) which are installedbetween the upper two rails to form the familiar herringbonepattern.4.2.3.2 English Hurdle FenceA standard post and railfence as described in 4.2.2 and 4.2.3, except that two smallerrails are installed diagonally from th
31、e fence posts (usuallybelow the bottom rail connection) extending upwards to justabove the fence top rail where they intersect and join a thirddecorative rail of the same approximate size, which extendsdownward to just below the bottom rail at a perpendicularangle.4.2.4 Post and BoardThe fence often
32、 referred to as corralfence is normally constructed using sawn wood posts, althoughround wood posts are sometimes used, with boards serving asrails. They are commonly constructed in two, three, or fourboard configurations.4.2.4.1 Crossbuck Post and BoardA fence as described in4.2.4, except that two
33、boards diagonally cross each otherbetween two standard top and bottom board rails.4.2.4.2 Crossbuck Post and RailA fence as in 4.2.4.1,except rails are 2-in. or thicker nominal lumber.F537 01 (2014)24.2.4.3 Hurdle Post and BoardA fence having the samegeometric arrangement as the English hurdle fence
34、 in 4.2.3.2,except all rails are sawn boards.4.2.4.4 Hurdle Post and RailA fence as described in4.2.4.3, except top and bottom rails are 2 in. or thicker nominallumber.4.3 Type IIBoard Fences: Every design within this typemay be supported by sawn wood posts, round wood posts, ormetal posts.4.3.1 Sol
35、id Board FenceA fence that is constructed ofordinary wood fence boards which are usually installedvertically, but occasionally horizontally or diagonally, over arather conventional fence frame of from two to four railsbetween posts.4.3.2 Spaced Board FenceA fence as described in 4.3.1,except that op
36、en space is provided between the boards eitherfor eye appeal or for ventilation.4.3.3 Shadow BoxA fence that is constructed like a solidboard fence (see 4.3.1), except that fence boards are installedalternately from one side of the fence rails to the other,providing interesting shadow lines as well
37、as excellent venti-lation. This fence is commonly offered in either vertical orhorizontal panels.4.3.4 LouverA fence which is similar to common boardfences (4.3.1) in frame configuration, except that fence boardsare installed angularly between the fence rails with the effect ofdirecting sunlight and
38、 air in a desirable way. These fences maybe constructed with the board louvers installed vertically orhorizontally.4.3.5 WeaveA fence similar to the shadow box (4.3.3),except each individual fence board, normally 1 in. nominal inthickness, is alternately attached to one side of the top rail andthe o
39、pposite side of the bottom rail. It may be constructedvertically as described, or horizontally (minus rails) by alter-nating installation of the boards directly to the fence posts.4.3.6 Basket WeaveA fence similar to the weave (4.3.5),except basket boards (commonly38 to34 in. in thickness) arewoven
40、alternately between from one to five small woodmembers (sometimes 1 by 2, 1 by 3, or 1 by 4-in. nominal),which extend through the height of the weave perpendicularly.The fence may contain either a vertical or horizontal weave,but in either form, the top and bottom rails may be required forrigidity.
41、The basket weave fence requires high quality woodbecause of its relative thinness.4.4 Type IIIPicket Fences: Every design within this typemay be supported by sawn wood posts, round wood posts, ormetal posts.4.4.1 Sawn PicketA fence in which the pickets are from 2to 4-in. nominal width and are instal
42、led vertically. The picketsmay be installed over two to four back rails of sawn lumber.The pickets may be installed solid or by specified spacingwhere desired for light and ventilation.4.4.2 Grape Stake PicketA fence that is sometimes re-ferred to by the picket type, either handsplit or machine slic
43、ed.This is a popular fence in the durable species and is usuallyconstructed with handsplit or machined back rails and posts. Itis most often installed with solid picket cover, but can beutilized as a spaced picket fence.4.4.3 Stockade PicketA fence that is similar to otherpicket fences, except the p
44、ickets are natural, machine milled,round, or sliced to half-round; and are available with barkremoved, or with bark on for an added rustic effect. This fenceis popular in common wood species, and may be installed toround wood posts and round or half-round back rails, sawnposts, and back rails; or ba
45、ck rails attached to metal posts.4.4.4 Wire-Bound PicketThis fencing is wire-bound,wooden picket fencing, in roll form. It is used for applicationssuch as but not limited to, snow, shade, safety, sand, andscreening. The fence is fabricated with a 2- or 4-in. maximumspacing between pickets as specifi
46、ed by the purchaser. Eachpicket is held firmly by five pairs of zinc-coated wires. Eachpair of wires is tightly twisted by rotating a twister head aminimum of 2 complete revolutions (900 of rotation) for2-in. spacing and 5 complete revolutions (1800 of rotation) forthe 4-in. spacing.4.4.4.1 The twis
47、t rotation shall be in opposite directionsbetween each succeeding picket. The wire shall have a mini-mum coated diameter of 0.099 in. (1212 gage) and a minimumzinc coating of 0.30 oz/ft2(Specification A641/A641M, Class1) or a minimum aluminum coating of 0.32 oz/ft2(Specifica-tion A809) as selected b
48、y the purchaser. It shall have aminimum tensile strength of 70 000 psi in accordance withSpecification A641/A641M or Specification A809, MediumTemper. The wire spacing of top and bottom pairs of wiresshall be not less than 3 in. and not more than 6 in. from the endsof the pickets, with the remaining
49、 pairs of wires spacedequidistant between the top and bottom wires.4.4.4.2 The length of roll of fabricated fence shall be 50 ft6 6 in. The pickets shall be made of spruce, hemlock, cedar,redwood, fir, or pine, air-dried and rough sawn. The picketsmay be stained, painted with a red oxide coating, or pressure-treated in accordance with 9.4 as specified. Picket dimensionshall be: length, either 48 or 72 6316 in.; width, 112 6116 in.;and thickness,38 6116 in.4.5 Type IVSolid Panel Fences: Every design within thistype m
