1、Designation: F 2170 09Standard Test Method forDetermining Relative Humidity in Concrete Floor SlabsUsing in situ Probes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2170; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof percent relative humidity in concrete slabs for fiel
3、d orlaboratory tests.1.2 The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and de
4、termine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warnings are given in Section 7, 10.3.2, and 10.4.4.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements a
5、nd ConcretesE 104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidityby Means of Aqueous SolutionsF 710 Practice for Preparing Concrete Floors to ReceiveResilient Flooring3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 relative humidity, nratio of the amount of watervapor actually in the air compared to the amo
6、unt of water vaporrequired for saturation at that particular temperature andpressure, expressed as a percentage.3.1.2 service temperature and relative humidity, naverageambient air temperature and relative humidity that typicallywill be found in a buildings occupied spaces during normaluse.4. Summar
7、y of Test Method4.1 This test method comprises two procedures for formingholes in concrete into which a relative humidity probe isplaced. Procedure A for hardened concrete involves drilling acylindrical hole in concrete with a rotary hammerdrill, thenplacing a hollow sleeve to line the hole. Procedu
8、re B is analternative procedure for fresh concrete, which involves form-ing a cylindrical hole in concrete by placing a hollow cylin-drical tube in the formwork, then placing and consolidatingconcrete around the tube. The liner or tube permits measure-ment of RH at a specific, well-defined depth in
9、the concrete.4.2 Methods of probe calibration and factors affectingequilibration are described in Section 8.5. Significance and Use5.1 Moisture permeating from concrete floor slabs affectsthe performance of flooring systems such as resilient andtextile floor coverings and coatings. Manufacturers of
10、suchsystems generally require moisture testing to be performedbefore installation on concrete. Internal relative humiditytesting is one such method.5.2 Excessive moisture permeating from floor slabs afterinstallation can cause floor covering system failures such asdebonding and deterioration of fini
11、sh flooring and coatings andmicrobial growth.5.3 Moisture test results indicate the moisture condition ofthe slab only at the time of the test.6. Apparatus6.1 Humidity Probe and Digital MeterRelative humidityand temperature sensors in cylindrical probe, with externaldiameter less than approximately
12、0.75 in. (20 mm). Obtainprobes from a manufacturer with NIST traceable calibrationequal to or better than 62 % relative humidity at 50 % relativehumidity and 62 % relative humidity at 90 % relativehumidity.NOTE 1Calibration by end-users using saturated salt solutions inaccordance with Practice E 104
13、 is not recommended due to the technicaldifficulties of maintaining sufficiently accurate reference standards.Checking with salt solutions is an acceptable method of assessing probeperformance.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the dir
14、ect responsibility of Subcommittee F06.40 onPractices.Current edition approved July 15, 2009. Published September 2009. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 2170-02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servic
15、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 Hole Liners, plastic or non-corroding meta
16、l tubes, insidediameter not more than 0.04 in. (1 mm) greater than the probesexternal diameter, of sufficient length to seal the hole to thedesired depth.NOTE 2Liners with projecting circumferential fins at the bottom endare desirable to provide a seal near the bottom of the hole.6.3 Rotary Hammerdr
17、ill, Carbide Drill Bits, VacuumCleaner Equipped with HEPA Filter, and Brush, for drillingholes in concrete and removing drilled dust from the holes.Drill bit diameter shall not exceed 0.04 in. (1 mm) larger thanthe external diameter of the hole liner.7. Hazards7.1 Silica and Asbestos WarningDo not s
18、and, dry sweep,dry scrape, drill, saw, beadblast, or mechanically chip orpulverize existing resilient flooring, backing, lining felt, paint,asphaltic cutback adhesives, or other adhesives. These productsmay contain asbestos fibers or crystalline silica. Avoid creatingdust. Inhalation of such dust is
19、 a cancer and respiratory tracthazard. Smoking by individuals exposed to asbestos fibersgreatly increases the risk of serious bodily harm. Unlesspositively certain that the product is a nonasbestos-containingmaterial, presume that it contain asbestos. Regulations mayrequire that the material be test
20、ed to determine asbestoscontent. The Resilient Floor Covering Institutes (RFCI) rec-ommended work practices for removal of existing resilientfloor coverings should be consulted for a defined set ofinstructions addressed to the task of removing all resilient floorcovering structures.37.2 Lead Warning
21、Certain paints may contain lead. Expo-sure to excessive amounts of lead dust presents a health hazard.Refer to applicable federal, state, and local laws and guidelinesfor hazard identification and abatement of lead-based paintpublished by the U.S. Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment regarding
22、 appropriate methods for identifyinglead-based paint and removing such paint, and any licensing,certification, and training requirements for persons performinglead abatement work.47.3 Wet Concrete WarningContact with wet (unhardened)concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures can cause skinirritati
23、on, severe chemical burns, or serious eye damage. Wearwaterproof gloves, a long-sleeved shirt, full-length trousers,and proper eye protection when working with these materials.If you have to stand in wet concrete, use waterproof boots thatare high enough to keep concrete from flowing into them. Wash
24、wet concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures from yourskin immediately after contact. Indirect contact through cloth-ing can be as serious as direct contact, so promptly rinse outwet concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures from cloth-ing. Seek immediate medical attention if you have persist
25、ent orsevere discomfort.8. Calibration8.1 Recalibrate probes at least annually or more frequentlyif exposed to environmental conditions that affect measurementaccuracy.8.2 Check probe calibration within 30 days before use byeither of the two following procedures:8.2.1 Calibration Check Procedure 1,
26、Saturated SaltSolutionsPrepare saturated salt solutions in accordance withPractice E 104. Follow probe manufacturers recommendedprocedure for exposing probes. Record the as-found relativehumidity and the nominal relative humidity of the salt solu-tions. If the as-found relative humidity differs from
27、 the nominalrelative humidity by more than 2 % (below 90 % relativehumidity) or by more than 3 % (from 90 to 100 % relativehumidity), recalibrate the probe before use.8.2.2 Calibration Check Procedure 2, Compressed Dry Airand Moist Room:8.2.2.1 0 % Relative HumidityConnect one end of a tubeto a comp
28、ressed gas cylinder containing zero-grade or driercompressed air or an inert gas such as nitrogen. Insert therelative humidity probe into the other end of the tube. Allowthe gas to flow at several millilitres per minute until the probereaches equilibrium (less than 1 % relative humidity drift in 5mi
29、n). Record the percent relative humidity.8.2.2.2 100 % Relative HumidityPlace the probe in amoist room or chamber meeting the requirements of Specifi-cation C511 for at least 30 min. Allow the probe to reachequilibrium (less than 1 % relative humidity drift in 5 min). Athin, moisture vapor permeable
30、 membrane surrounding thesensing element will inhibit condensation on the sensingelement. If condensation occurs, remove the probe from themoist environment and allow to dry before repeating themeasurement. Record the percent relative humidity.8.2.2.3 If checking reveals the probe output differs fro
31、m 0by more than 2 % or from 100 % by more than 3 %, recalibratethe probe before use.9. Conditioning9.1 Concrete floor slabs shall be at service temperature andthe occupied air space above the floor slab shall be at servicetemperature and service relative humidity for at least 48 hbefore making relat
32、ive humidity measurements in the concreteslab.10. Procedure10.1 Number of Tests and Locations:10.1.1 Perform three tests for the first 1000 ft2(100 m2) andat least one additional test for each additional 1000 ft2(100m2).10.1.2 Select test locations to provide information aboutmoisture distribution a
33、cross the entire concrete floor slab,especially areas of potential high moisture. For slabs on-gradeand below-grade, include a test location within1m(3ft)ofeach exterior wall.10.2 Determine the appropriate depth for probe holes fromthe following table:3Recommended Work Practices for Removal of Resil
34、ient Floor Coverings,Resilient Floor Covering Institute, 401 East Jefferson St., Suite 102, Rockville, MD20850.4Lead-Based Paint: Interim Guidelines for Hazard Identification and Abatementin Public and Indian Housing, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Develop-ment, NTIS Order Number PB91-144311.
35、Available online from www.fed-world.gov.F2170092Drying Conditions Drill-to Depth from Top of SlabSlab drying from top only(Example: slab on ground with vaporretarder below, or slab on metal deck)40 %(Example: 1.5 in. (40 mm) deep in 4-in.(100-mm) thick slab)Slab drying from top and bottom(Example: e
36、levated structural slab notin metal deck)20 %(Example: 0.75 in. (20 mm) deep in4-in. (100-mm) thick slab)NOTE 3Testing at these depths will indicate the potential equilibriumrelative humidity that will be established within the concrete slab after alow-permeability floor covering is applied.10.3 Pro
37、cedure ADrilled Holes:10.3.1 Use a rotary hammerdrill with a carbide-tipped drillbit to drill holes to required depth. Drill bit diameter shall notexceed 0.04 in. (1 mm) larger than the external diameter of thehole liner. Hole shall be drilled dry. Do not use water forcooling or lubrication; do not
38、wet-core test hole.10.3.2 Remove dust from the hole using a vacuum cleaner.(WarningAvoid blowing dust from the hole that mightbecome respirable. Wear respiratory protection if necessary toavoid breathing concrete dust while drilling and cleaningholes.)10.3.3 Insert hole liner to bottom of hole. Plac
39、e rubberstopper into upper end of liner and seal around liner to concreteat concrete surface with joint sealant, caulk, or gasketed cover.10.3.4 Allow 72 h to achieve moisture equilibrium withinthe hole before making relative humidity measurements.10.3.5 Continue the determination of relative humidi
40、ty inaccordance with 10.5.NOTE 4Measurement of relative humidity on concrete powder col-lected from a drilled hole does not produce results of sufficient accuracyto meet the purposes described in Significance and Use.10.4 Alternative Procedure BCast Holes:10.4.1 Before placing concrete, secure liner
41、 tube to form-work or steel reinforcement to avoid displacement of tubesduring concrete placement, consolidation, and finishing.10.4.2 Secure a solid rod slightly smaller than the innerdiameter of the liner into the liner so that the bottom end of therod is flush with the bottom end of the liner at
42、measurementdepth and the top end protrudes above the top of the liner. Thisrod will exclude fresh concrete from entering the liner duringconcrete placement and consolidation.10.4.3 Place, consolidate, and finish the concrete, ensuringthe liner remains at required depth. Remove the inner solid rodaft
43、er the concrete hardens and place a rubber stopper into theupper end of the liner.10.4.4 Holes formed by casting liners in fresh concrete canbe used to measure relative humidity as soon as the concretehardens. (WarningHoles formed in fresh concrete mightcontain highly alkaline solution (pH12) that m
44、ust be removedbefore placing probes. This solution can cause chemical burnson exposed skin. Remove solution from a hole using a spongeor rag. Wear protective eyewear and gloves. Handle soakedrags or sponges with care. Do not use compressed air to blowsolution out of holes.)10.5 Measurement:10.5.1 Re
45、move the rubber stopper at the top of the liner andinsert probe. Seal the probe lead wire to the liner where thewire emerges from the top of the liner. Connect the probe leadwire to the meter, turn on the meter and allow it to warm up asindicated by the manufacturers instructions.10.5.2 Allow probe
46、to reach temperature equilibrium beforemeasuring relative humidity. Probe shall be at the sametemperature as the concrete before reading. Even a smalldifference in temperature will produce a significant error inrelative humidity measurement.10.5.3 Check for drift. Meter reading must not drift moreth
47、an 1 % relative humidity over 5 min. Equilibration may takeseveral hours to several days depending on factors such as theinitial temperature difference between probe and concrete. Themeter can be turned off and disconnected from the probe whilethe probe equilibrates with the concrete.10.5.4 Record t
48、he relative humidity to the nearest percentand temperature to the nearest degree Celsius (Fahrenheit).Also record the location of the hole within the structure anddepth of the probe tip below the concrete surface to the nearest0.04 in. (mm).10.5.5 Use the relative humidity probe to measure theambien
49、t air temperature and relative humidity above the slab inthe vicinity of the hole. Record the relative humidity to thenearest percent, and temperature to the nearest degree Fahren-heit (Celsius).10.6 Remove the hole liner and fill the hole with a cemen-titious patching compound to produce a surface finish inaccordance with Practice F 710, in Paragraph 4.5 under Gen-eral Guidelines. Use a patching compound rated by its manu-facturer as suitable for the depth of patch.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Name and address of the structure.11.1.2 Dat
