1、Designation: F 2199 02 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forDetermining Dimensional Stability of Resilient Floor Tileafter Exposure to Heat1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the changein linear dimensions of resili
3、ent floor tile after exposure to heat.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regardedas the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate sa
4、fety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a
5、Test MethodF 141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor CoveringsF 536 Test Method for Size of Resilient Floor Tile by DialGage Method2F 2055 Test Method for Size and Squareness of ResilientFloor Tile by Dial Gage Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F 141unless ot
6、herwise indicated.4. Significance and Use4.1 The final appearance of an installed tile floor dependsupon several factors. These include but are not limited to sizeand squareness of the tile, the quality of joint cut, the qualityand preparation of the subfloor and the skill of the installer.Long term
7、 appearance of the installed floor is also dependenton but not limited to the ability of the tile to resist shrinkagedue to internal stress relief. This test method is used to measurethe ability of floor tile to retain its original dimensionsfollowing exposure to heat simulating a long service life
8、atreasonable and expected temperatures.5. Apparatus5.1 Mechanical Convection-Type Oven, or equivalent, ca-pable of maintaining a temperature of 180 6 3.6F (82 6 2C),with inside dimensions large enough to hold several tileshorizontally on aluminum exposure plates.5.2 Specimen Exposure Plates, consist
9、ing of flat 14gage,0.0625in. (1.6mm), thick aluminum. The aluminum expo-sure plates may be contained in a rack, either fixed in orremovable from the rack, and should be at least 1 in. (25.4 mm)larger in each linear dimension than the linear dimension of thespecimen tested. If contained in a rack, th
10、e spacing betweeneach plate should be at least 0.625in. (16mm). The rack shallbe constructed with all four sides open.5.3 Block and Dial Gage Assembly, as described in TestMethod F 536 or F 2055.5.4 Forced Air Cooling (Fan, Blower, etc.), may be used foraccelerating specimen conditioning before heat
11、ing and aftercooling exposure to ensure proper equilibrium of test specimen(see 6.1 and 7.1).6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimen consists of a resilient floor tile.Typical floor tile dimensions are 9 by 9 in. (229 by 229 mm) or12 by 12 in. (305 by 305 mm). Other sizes in square orrectangular dimen
12、sions may also be tested.7. Conditioning7.1 A conditioned room maintained at a temperature of 73.46 1.8F (23 6 1C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity.8. Procedure8.1 Reference PlatesDifferent tile sizes, with respectivereference plates, can be specified if the size and squarenessapparatus is designed to
13、 handle the testing and measurement ofalternate sizes.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on TestMethods - Performance.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Orig
14、inallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 2199-02.2Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8.2 Conditioni
15、ng Before ExposureCondition the speci-mens at 73.4 6 1.8F (23 6 1C) and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity for not less than 24 h prior to starting the test unlessotherwise specified.8.3 Conditions for MeasurementMeasure the tile speci-men (6.1) in the conditioning room (7.1).8.4 Calibration of Block and Dia
16、l Gage IndicatorsCalibrate the block and dial gage indicators as indicated in TestMethod F 536 or F 2055.8.5 Initial MeasurementPlace the tile specimen, afterconditioning (8.2), on the block and dial gage assembly (5.3)face up and measure in the machine direction (MD), ifidentifiable, and the across
17、 machine direction (AMD), ifidentifiable, according to the procedure in Test Method F 536or F 2055. These points shall be marked as a reference on thetile so that the final measurements will be made at the sameexact locations. Measure the tile according to Test MethodF 536 or F 2055 and eliminating
18、the squareness measurementstep.8.6 ExposurePlace the tile specimen face up in theexposure rack (5.2) on the aluminum exposure plates. Positionthe plates on racks in the heated cabinet (5.1)at1806 3.6F(82 6 2C) for 6 6 0.25 h. Expose the four open sides of therack to the direction of the airflow with
19、in the cabinet so that thecirculating air passes freely over the tile specimens.8.7 Conditioning after ExposureRemove the tile/plateassembly from the oven cabinet (5.1). Allow the assembly tocondition at room temperature (7.1) for at least 24 h. Weargloves when handling the hot aluminum plate.8.8 Fi
20、nal MeasurementsDetermine the dimensional sta-bility by measuring the separation of reference points beforeand after the heat exposure for both MD and AMD. Removethe tile from the aluminum plate after re-conditioning andre-measure on the block and dial gage assembly (5.3) accord-ing to 8.5. Make the
21、 measurements at the same reference pointsas the initial measurements.NOTE 1Squareness measurements are not to be taken or recordedsince they are not directly considered in the dimensional stabilitydetermination.9. Calculations9.1 The final MD average measurements are subtractedfrom initial MD avera
22、ge measurements. The dimensionalstability is recorded and reported in inches (0.001 in.) Anegative value indicates shrinkage, and a positive value indi-cates expansion.9.2 The final AMD average measurements are subtractedfrom initial AMD average measurements. The dimensionalstability is recorded and
23、 reported in inches (0.001 in.) Anegative value indicates shrinkage, and a positive value indi-cates expansion.9.3 The MD and AMD dimensional stability results arecalculated, recorded, and reported as individual measurementson an applicable characteristic chart or report form. Thecalculated linear d
24、imensional change may also be representedas a percentage change as follows:Linear Change % 5FDf2 Di!DiG3 100 (1)where:Df= the average final length, andDi= the average initial length.10. Precautions10.1 While no supporting data exist, it is important that thealuminum exposure plates for supporting th
25、e specimen be keptsmooth and polished so that surface friction does not interferewith free shrinkage or growth of the specimens. The platesmust be flat and free of convex or concave warp.10.2 For any type of block and dial gage, care must be takenso that the tile is properly seated against the base
26、horizontalindex guide when a specific measurement is being taken. Tilewith concave or convex edges can easily be read incorrectly.10.3 The zero setting of the multiple dial indicators shouldbe checked prior to, during use (if a large quantity of specimensare to be tested), and at the conclusion of t
27、he test (see 8.4).10.4 All foreign matter or loose particles must be removedfrom the edges of the tile and from the angle between the blockbase and the horizontal index guide prior to making measure-ments. A simple brush-off by hand of each edge is usuallysufficient.10.5 Each dial gage foot must be
28、flat, no rounded or wornsurfaces.10.6 When making measurements, care must be taken so asnot to apply undue pressure and distort the tile.10.7 Check horizontal index guide for abrasive wear.10.8 The three reference points for measurement (MD andAMD) shall be marked on the face of the tile and measure
29、dwith the face-up on the block and dial gage assembly to ensurethat any embossing along the edge of the tile wear surface willnot affect the measurements.10.9 Check that the tile specimen is placed face-up on thealuminum exposure plate.10.10 Make sure that the dial gage foot is at the samereference
30、points for both the initial and final measurements.The tile must be held flat. A domed or curled tile could beconfused with dimensional change.10.11 Prior to specimen exposure, it is important that theoven cabinet (5.1) be checked to be certain that it is controllingat 180 6 3.6F (82 6 2C).10.12 Aft
31、er exposure, do not remove the tile from thealuminum plate until the reconditioning time elapses (see 6.1).11. Precision and Bias311.1 The precision was determined by inter-laboratoryround robin testing according to Practices E 177 and E 691 andis listed in 11.2 for machine direction measurements an
32、d in11.3 for across machine direction measurements.11.2 Precision Statement for Machine Direction Dimen-sional Stability:11.2.1 Requirements for Determining Precision of TestMethod: AnalysisThe number of laboratories, materials, anddeterminations in this study does meet the minimum require-ments for
33、 determining precision prescribed in Practice E 691:3A research report is available from ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR:F06-1007.F 2199 02 (2008)2ThisStudyASTM E 691MinimumLaboratories 6 6Materials 5 4Determinations 12 211.2.2 Precision Statement for Test Method: AnalysisPrecision, chara
34、cterized by repeatability, Sr, r, and reproduc-ibility, SR, R has been determined for the materials to be:Materials Average Sr SR r RMaterial A -0.0034583 0.0052579 0.0052579 0.0147220 0.0147220Material B -0.0051181 0.0041771 0.0057826 0.0116958 0.0161913Material C 0.0015764 0.0020731 0.0026663 0.00
35、58046 0.0074657Material D -0.0023333 0.0029237 0.0384626 0.0081863 0.1076954Material E -0.0040972 0.0029009 0.0033733 0.0081226 0.009445211.3 Precision Statement for Across Machine DirectionDimensional Stability:11.3.1 Requirements for Determining Precision of TestMethod: AnalysisThe number of labor
36、atories, materials, anddeterminations in this study does meet the minimum require-ments for determining precision prescribed in Practice E 691:ThisStudyASTM E 691MinimumLaboratories 6 6Materials 5 4Determinations 12 211.3.2 Precision Statement for Test Method: AnalysisPrecision, characterized by rep
37、eatability, Sr, r, and reproduc-ibility, SR, R has been determined for the materials to be:Materials Average Sr SR r RMaterial A 0.004979 0.003809 0.003970 0.010665 0.011116Material B -0.003299 0.005647 0.007118 0.015811 0.019931Material C 0.003000 0.002077 0.002271 0.005817 0.006360Material D -0.00
38、2049 0.01907 0.034792 0.053396 0.097418Material E -0.005146 0.002418 0.003577 0.006771 0.010017average = the numerical average of test results for allreplicates from all laboratories,Sr = the within-laboratory standard deviation of theaverage, andR = 2.83SR.11.4 Repeatability (Sr, r)In comparing two
39、 average valuesfor the same material obtained by the same operator using thesame equipment on the same day, the means should be judgednot equivalent if they differ by more than the r value for thatmaterial and condition.11.5 Reproducibility (SR, R)In comparing two averagevalues for the same material
40、 obtained by different operatorsusing different equipment on different days, the means shouldbe judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the R valuefor that material and condition. (This applies between differentlaboratories or between different equipment within the samelaboratory).11.6 The
41、 previous judgments will have an approximate 0.95(95 %) probability of being correct. Other materials would beexpected to give somewhat different results. For further infor-mation on the methodology used in this section or for furtherclarification please refer to Practice E 691.11.7 BiasNo informati
42、on can be presented on the bias ofthe test method procedure because material having an acceptedreference value is unavailable.12. Keywords12.1 dimensional stability; resilient flooring; tileASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with
43、any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technic
44、al committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration
45、 at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
46、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 2199 02 (2008)3
