1、BRITISH STANDARD BS3936-3: 1990 Nursery stock Part3: Specification for fruit plants UDC 634/635:635.9:631.5:634.1.03.054.055:006.3/.8BS3936-3:1990 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Food and Agriculture Standards Policy Committee, was published underthe authority o
2、f the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31May1990 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FAC/1 Draft for comment 89/51830 DC ISBN 0 580 18103 0 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was
3、 entrusted by the Food and Agriculture Standards Policy Committee (FAC/-) to Technical Committee FAC/1, upon which the following bodies were represented: Arboricultural Association Association for Consumer Research (ACRE) Association of County Councils Association of District Councils Association of
4、 Professional Foresters British Association of Landscape Industries Bulb Distributors Association Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland Department of Transport Forestry Commission Horticultural Trades Association Institute of Chartered Foresters Institute of Horticultural Research Ins
5、titute of Leisure and Amenity Management Joint Hardy Nursery Stock Committee Landscape Institute Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Rose Growers Association Royal National Rose Society Timber Growers United Kingdom University of Bristol The following body was also rep
6、resented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels: Nuclear Stock Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS3936-3:1990 BSI 07-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 Root system, roo
7、tstock, union and container size 1 4 Condition 1 5 Plant health and certification 3 6 Apple and pear trees 3 7 Cherry trees 3 8 Plum trees 3 9 Peach, nectarine and apricot trees 3 10 Blackcurrant bushes 4 11 Red currant and white currant bushes 4 12 Gooseberry bushes 4 13 Raspberry canes 4 14 Blackb
8、erry and loganberry canes 4 15 Strawberries 4 16 Labelling and additional information 4 Figure 1 Forms of fruit trees 2 Table 1 Useful rootstock 5BS3936-3:1990 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This Part of BS3936 has been prepared under the direction of the Food and Agriculture Standards Policy Committee. It
9、 is a revision of BS3936-3:1978 which is withdrawn and from which it differs in that more rigorous requirements for rootstock are given and changes to the requirements for specific plants have been made. It is intended that all interests from initial grower to final buyer are considered but it is no
10、t intended that all aspects necessary for contracts are included. It has been assumed in the drafting of this Part of BS3936 that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provision
11、s of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to5 and a back
12、cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS3936-3:1990 BSI 07-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS3936 specifies requirements for fruit trees, bushes, canes and other plants
13、that are sold for transplanting and growth to produce food. It includes requirements for rootstock, compost in a container, if used, and for labelling. Specific requirements for some plants are given in clauses 6 to 15. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS3936, the following definitions
14、 apply. NOTEThe various forms of tree are illustrated in Figure 1. 2.1 maiden a plant with one seasons growth from the time of budding, grafting or other method of propagating 2.2 feathered maiden a maiden bearing not fewer than three laterals, the lowest being not less than50cm from ground level an
15、d each being not less than10cm long NOTEThis form of tree is appropriate to the commercial orchard. 2.3 bush a tree with a sturdy leg50cm to60cm long and a head with an open centre or delayed open centre, the head being balanced and branching with no main branch crossing the crown 2.4 pyramid a tree
16、 with a sturdy leg50cm to60cm in height and a central leader with radiating branches NOTEA pyramid is also termed a “centre leader tree” or “spindle”. 2.5 cordon a tree with a single stem with spurs along its length 2.6 espalier a tree with a central stem with balanced, i.e.the same number of, branc
17、hes in one vertical plane on each side, the bottom tier being30cm to 40cm from the ground and additional tiers being spaced30cm to 40cm apart NOTEAn espalier is also termed a “horizontal-trained tree”. 2.7 fan a tree with a leg not more than50cm in height and a balanced fan-shaped system of branches
18、 in one vertical plane 2.8 half standard a tree with a sturdy stem1.25m to1.50m long, the head being balanced, i.e.with branches regularly spaced round the crown, with at least five main branches and with no main branch crossing the crown 2.9 standard a tree with a sturdy stem1.50m to1.75m long, the
19、 head being balanced, i.e.with branches regularly spaced round the crown, with at least five main branches, and with no main branch crossing the crown 2.10 container-grown plants plants which have grown in any type of container (e.g.pot, plastics bag, peat block) for sufficient time for root growth
20、to have substantially filled the container 2.11 containerized plants plants in containers but which have not been in the container long enough to have made substantial new root growth 3 Root system, rootstock, union and container size NOTE 1The root system should be branched and conducive to success
21、ful transplanting. The branching depends on the rootstock used. Fruit trees shall be budded or grafted on fully compatible rootstock appropriate for the type of tree. The height of working shall be not less than15cm above ground level, to avoid the risk of scion rooting. NOTE 2Higher working is desi
22、rable for some cultivars. NOTE 3For rootstocks, the symbol “M” denotes “Mailing” and “MM” denotes “Malling/Merton” to show the locations involved. If plants have been grafted, the union between the rootstock and scion shall be well-callused, that is covered with healthy, healing tissue. The union sh
23、all be such that the line of growth of the scion continues that of the rootstock. NOTE 4For containerized plants, the size of container should be such that the root system is easily contained. 4 Condition 4.1 When inspected visually, plants shall be free from obvious pests and disease and shall not
24、be mechanically damaged or show signs of nutrient deficiency or of toxicity.BS3936-3:1990 2 BSI 07-1999 Figure 1 Forms of fruit trees (for information)BS3936-3:1990 BSI 07-1999 3 4.2 Roots shall not have been subjected, between lifting and delivery, to adverse conditions such as waterlogging or expo
25、sure to dry air or to heat or frost. 4.3 Branches of trees and shrubs shall be undamaged. If branches and snags have been removed, they shall have been removed flush with the stem or branch. 4.4 The compost in a container, if used, shall be visibly free from perennial weeds. 4.5 Plants shall have be
26、en protected from mechanical damage and adverse conditions such as waterlogging, frost, heat, exposure to drying winds or unsuitable storage conditions. If packaged, the packaging shall protect the plants, especially from mechanical damage and drying out, without allowing moisture to accumulate. 5 P
27、lant health and certification 5.1 If certified or virus-free budwood and graftwood of a scion cultivar (variety) is available, only such material shall have been used in the production of the nursery tree. 5.2 If the production of a rootstock is covered by one of the fruit tree and rootstock certifi
28、cation schemes referred to in the note below, only rootstocks that are certified or that have been directly derived from certified propagating material shall have been used in the production of the nursery tree. NOTECertification schemes covering the production of blackcurrant bushes, strawberry pla
29、nts and raspberry canes grown in the United Kingdom are operated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, and the Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland. Certification schemes covering the production of fruit trees and root
30、stocks grown in England and Wales are operated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. The production of virus-free fruit trees, rootstocks and cultivar (variety) budwood and graftwood is undertaken by the Institute of Horticultural Research, East Malling. 6 Apple and pear trees Apple an
31、d pear trees shall be in one of the following forms: a) maiden; b) feathered maiden; c) bush; d) pyramid; e) cordon; f) espalier; g) fan; h) half standard or standard. Cordons, espaliers and fans shall be on dwarfing or semi-dwarfing rootstocks. NOTEThe following rootstocks are useful for the forms
32、(c) to (h) named in this clause. See also Table 1. 7 Cherry trees Cherry trees shall be in one of the following forms: a) maiden; b) feathered maiden; c) bush; d) fan; e) half standard or standard. NOTEThe following rootstock is useful for the forms c) to e) named in this clause. See also Table 1. C
33、olt (semi-dwarfing). 8 Plum trees Plum trees shall be in one of the following forms: a) maiden; b) feathered maiden; c) bush; d) fan; e) half standard or standard. NOTEThe following rootstocks are useful for the forms c) toe) named in this clause. See also Table 1. 9 Peach, nectarine and apricot tre
34、es Peach, nectarine and apricot trees shall be in one of the following forms: a) maiden; b) feathered maiden; c) bush; d) fan; (c): For apples: M.27 (very dwarfing) and M.9 (dwarfing). M.26 (semi-dwarfing) and MM.106 (semi-dwarfing, vigorous) for medium-sized bush trees. Trees on M.27, M.9 and M.26
35、require firm staking. The vigour of trees also depends on soil quality. For pears: Quince C (dwarfing) and Quince A (semi-dwarfing). (d): For apples: M.26 for most soils. MM.106 for poor soils. For pears: Quince A. (e): For apples: M.9 and M.26. For pears: Quince C and Quince A. (f): For apples: M.2
36、6 for3-tier espaliers, MM.106 for4 to6-tier espaliers. For pears: Quince A. (g): For apples: M.26 and MM.106. For pears: Quince A. (h): MM.106 and MM.111 (vigorous). (c): St. Julien A (semi-dwarfing) and Pixy (dwarfing). (d): St. Julien A and Brompton (vigorous). (e): St. Julien A and Brompton (vigo
37、rous).BS3936-3:1990 4 BSI 07-1999 e) half standard. NOTEThe following rootstocks are useful for the forms (c) to (e) named in this clause. See also Table 1. 10 Blackcurrant bushes 10.1 Blackcurrant bushes shall have all their branches coming from below or within5cm of ground level. One-year-old plan
38、ts shall have at least two shoots, each not less than30cm in length. Two-year-old or three-year-old bushes shall have not fewer than three shoots, each not less than40cm in length. 10.2 If a cultivar (variety) is included in a certification scheme operated by one of the UnitedKingdom Departments of
39、Agriculture, the plants shall be certified stock. One-year-old plants shall have been propagated from certified stock. NOTESee the note to 5.2. In Scotland, blackcurrant bushes offered for sale are required by law to be certified. 11 Red currant and white currant bushes If red currant and white curr
40、ant bushes are grown on a leg, the leg shall be15cm to25cm long. Two-year-old bushes shall have not fewer than three branches. 12 Gooseberry bushes Gooseberry bushes shall be on a leg15cm to25cm long. Two-year-old bushes shall have not fewer than three branches. 13 Raspberry canes 13.1 Raspberry can
41、es shall have a fibrous root system and shall be not less than80cm in length as grown, that is before pruning for sale. 13.2 If a cultivar (variety) is included in a raspberry certification scheme operated by one of the UnitedKingdom Departments of Agriculture, the plants shall be certified stock or
42、 shall have been derived from canes so certified within the previous12 months. NOTESee the note to 5.2. 14 Blackberry and loganberry canes Blackberry and loganberry canes shall have fibrous root systems and clearly visible basal buds. 15 Strawberries 15.1 Strawberry runners shall have been taken fro
43、m parent plants which are not more than one year old. Open-ground runners shall have a crown and a fibrous root system. Mist propagated plants shall have root systems that hold a ball of soil and shall have a crown. Micropropagated plants sold for planting out in open ground shall have crowns and fi
44、brous root systems that hold a ball of soil. 15.2 If a cultivar (variety) is included in a strawberry certification scheme operated by one of the United Kingdom Departments of Agriculture the plants shall be certified stock. Runners that have been rooted by mist propagation shall have been obtained
45、direct from a strawberry runner bed similarly certified. NOTE 1See the note to 5.2. In Scotland, strawberry plants offered for sale are required by law to be certified. NOTE 2Plants dispatched in August and September may be sold as “entered for certification” if the final inspection has not been com
46、pleted at the time of sale. 16 Labelling and additional information 16.1 Each plant, or bundle or batch of plants, shall be labelled with the following particulars to provide for easy and adequate identification at the point of acceptance: a) the names of the fruit and the cultivar; b) for trees, th
47、e names of the scion cultivars and of the rootstock; c) the name of the supplier; d) the number of this British Standard, i.e.BS3936-3:1990 1) . 16.2 The age from time of budding or grafting shall be stated on request. NOTEIt is strongly recommended that suppliers provide information about the chara
48、cteristics of different rootstocks in proximity to plants on sale. (c): St. Julien A (semi-dwarfing). (d): St. Julien A. (e): St. Julien A and Brompton (vigorous). 1) Marking BS3936-3:1990 on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturers declaration of conformity, i.e.a claim by or on behal
49、f of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard. The accuracy of the claim is therefore solely the responsibility of the person making the claim. Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of conformity, which may also be desirable.BS 3936-3:1990 BSI 07-1999 5 Table 1 Useful rootstock (for information) Form Apples Pears Cherry trees Plum trees Peach, nectarine and apricot trees Bush a M.27 (very dwarfing) a M.9 (dwarfing) ab M.26 (semi-dwarfing) b MM.106 (semi-dwarfing, vigorous) Quince C (dwarfing) Quinc
