1、BS 5335-2:2006Continental quilts Part 2: Determination of thermal resistance for quilts filled with feather and/or downICS 97.160NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this docume
2、nt indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 6 MARCH 2006ISBN 0 580 47816 5The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference TCI/66Draft for comment DC05/30135397Publication historyFirst published as BS 5335, February 1976Second edition, January 1984Third ed
3、ition, as BS 5335-2, November 1991Fourth (present) edition, March 2006Amendments issued since publicationAmd. no. Date Text affectedBS 5335-2:2006 BSI MARCH 2006 iBS 5335-2:2006ContentsForeword ii1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 14 Determination of thermal resistance 15 Label
4、ling 7AnnexesAnnex A (informative) General advice and information for manufacturers and retailers 8Bibliography 9List of figuresFigure 1 Apparatus for the determination of thermal resistance of quilts 3Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iii, a bl
5、ank page, pages 1 to 9 and a back cover.BS 5335-2:2006ii BSI MARCH 2006ForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 5332 was published by BSI and came into effect on 6 March 2006. It was prepared by Technical Committee TCI/66, Apparel and interior textiles. A list of organizations represented on th
6、is committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Supersession This part of BS 5332 supersedes BS 5335-2:1991, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publications This standard comprises two parts :Part 1: Specification for quilts containing fillings other than feather and/or down;Part 2:
7、 Determination of thermal resistance for quilts filled with feather and/or down.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of BS 5335-2. Originally BS 5335-2 comprised a specification for quilts filled with feather and/or down but it was superseded by BS EN 13186:2004. However, neither B
8、S EN 13186 nor any other published European Standard for quilts deals with the question of thermal resistance. Therefore, pending the European committee beginning work in this area and in order to enable manufacturers to continue to test for thermal resistance, BS 5335-2 has been revised to give a s
9、uitable test method.The testing of quilts with natural fillings might be subject to greater variation than manufactured filling when measuring thermal resistance. Manufacturing practice and material have changed since the last time data was established. The committee is seeking to establish and veri
10、fy the current tog testing data in order to take these changes into account.General advice and information for manufacturers and retailers is given in Annex A.Use of this documentIt has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that the execution of its provisions will be entrusted to
11、 appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose use it has been produced.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its methods are expressed either as a set of instructions or in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is
12、 “shall”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element. BSI MARCH 2006 iiiBS 5335-2:2006Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contr
13、act. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Attention is drawn to the Textile Products (Indications of Fibre Content) Regulations 1986 and subsequent amendments 1.iv BSI MARCH 2006 This page deliberately left
14、 blankBS 5335-2:2006 BSI MARCH 2006 1BS 5335-2:20061 ScopeThis part of BS 5335 describes a method for determining the thermal resistance of continental quilts containing feather and/or down, supplied for domestic use and manufactured in accordance withBS EN 13186.NOTE The provisions of this standard
15、 do not apply to items of bedding that are supplied for use in childrens products such as cots, moses baskets and sleeping bags.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For u
16、ndated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 874-1, Methods for determining thermal insulating properties Part 1: Introduction, definitions and principles of measurementBS EN 13186, Feather and down Specification for feather and down filled b
17、edding articlesBS EN ISO 139, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in BS EN 13186 and the following apply.3.1 togunit of thermal resistance, equal to one-tenth of a square metre Kelvin per watt1 tog
18、= 0.1 m2K/W3.2 thermal resistance of a quiltten times the temperature difference between the two faces of a quilt, in Kelvins (K), when the heat flow rate across the unit area is equal to 1 W/m2NOTE The thermal resistance of a quilt is also known as its tog value.4 Determination of thermal resistanc
19、e4.1 PrincipleThe thermal resistance of quilts is determined using a specially designed single specimen apparatus permitting conductance/transmittance measurements to be carried out. The quilt to be measured is laid upon a horizontal surface maintained at skin temperature whilst the air layer above
20、the quilt is maintained at a constant relative humidity and temperature. The thermal resistance of the quilt plus the thermal resistance of the air layer is calculated, and the thermal resistance of the air layer is subtracted from this to give the thermal resistance of the quilt itself. Two differe
21、nt types of apparatus may be used.BS 5335-2:20062 BSI MARCH 20064.2 Apparatus4.2.1 GeneralThe apparatus shall be built and operated in accordance with the principles of BS 874-1, and shall be so designed that it meets the following criteria.a) The apparatus shall be horizontal, with the heat flowing
22、 upwards, designed so that measurements are made between the upper hot face of the apparatus and the ambient air above the quilt.b) The surface of the upper hot face of the apparatus shall beflat, isothermal, metal and shall have a matt black finish. The central measuring area shall be a rectangle o
23、f minimum size1.0 m 0.6 m. The guard area or effective guard area around the central measuring area shall be not less than 0.15 m wide.c) Sets of at least five temperature sensors, each set uniformly distributed over the central measuring area, shall be used to measure the upper hot face and lower h
24、ot face temperatures.d) A set of at least five shielded temperature sensors, uniformly distributed over the central measuring area, shall be used to measure the temperature of the air layer above the quilt. The set shall be movable in a vertical direction so that it can be placed at a height of 75 m
25、m to 100 mm vertically above the top surface of the quilt (see 4.5.5).e) Both the upper hot face temperature and the temperature of the air layer above the quilt shall be capable of being controlled to 0.1 C.NOTE 1 The high degree of control needed for the air temperature may be achieved by surround
26、ing the upper part of the apparatus with a suitable temperature controlled hood giving sufficient air exchange with the room to ensure conformity to the humidity requirement above the quilt see item f). Alternatively, computer-controlled environments may be employed.f) The apparatus shall be located
27、 in a conditioned room maintained at the standard atmosphere as described in BS EN ISO 139. The apparatus shall be screened from any sources of heat external to the apparatus, such as radiators, lamps, solar radiation and personnel, and from draughts.NOTE 2 Care should be taken with the positioning
28、of any air-conditioning equipment.g) All surfaces visible to the upper surface of the quilt shall be of high thermal emittance.NOTE 3 Most building materials and building finishes in current use have a high thermal emittance.One of the following two possible types of apparatus shall be used: either
29、a comparator apparatus as shown in Figure 1a) and used in accordance with the principle given in 4.2.2; or a guarded hot-plate apparatus as shown in Figure 1b) and used in accordance with the principle given in 4.2.3. BSI MARCH 2006 3BS 5335-2:2006Figure 1 Apparatus for the determination of thermal
30、resistance of quiltsa) Comparator apparatusb) Guarded hot plate apparatusKey1 Temperature2 Temperature difference3 Metal hot face4 Calibrated board5 Heater6 Insulation7 Effective guard area8 Central measuring area9 Central heater10 Guard heaters11 Guard areat0Temperature of the air layer above the q
31、uiltt1Upper hot face temperaturet2Lower hot face temperatureT1Difference between the upper hot face temperature and the temperature of the air layer above the quiltT2Difference between the lower hot face temperature and the upper hot face temperatureX Temperature sensort0t1T1T2t2134567782t0t1T1T2t21
32、910611 1182BS 5335-2:20064 BSI MARCH 20064.2.2 Comparator apparatusIf comparator apparatus is used, the thermal resistance of the quilt plus the air layer Rtshall be determined from the ratio of the temperature differences T1and T2and the thermal resistance of the calibrated board from the equation:
33、Rt= (T1/T2) Rcwhere Rcis the thermal resistance of the calibrated board.4.2.3 Guarded hot plate apparatusIf guarded hot plate apparatus is used, the thermal resistance of the quilt plus the air layer Rt shall be determined from the energy dissipated in the central heater, the area of the central hea
34、ter and the temperature difference T1, using the following equation. The temperature difference T2shall be maintained at zero.whereA is the area of the central heater (central measuring area), in square metres (m2);T1is the temperature difference between the upper hot face temperature and the temper
35、ature of the air layer above the quilt;W is the energy dissipated in the central heater, in watts (W).4.3 Verification of apparatus4.3.1 GeneralThe apparatus shall be verified at three points over the expected thermal resistance range (i.e. 5 togs to 15 togs) using reference materials as specified i
36、n 4.3.2. The value of the thermal resistance of each reference material, when determined in accordance with 4.3.3, shall be within 5% of the corresponding stated value.Verification shall be carried out, initially, on commissioning of the apparatus and thereafter at intervals not exceeding 12 months.
37、 Additionally, when repair, modification or maintenance of the equipment has taken place, which could affect the accuracy, or when there is reasonable cause to believe that the apparatus results no longer accord (i.e. within 5%) with the values of the reference materials, the apparatus shall be veri
38、fied before it is further used.4.3.2 Reference materialsTo verify the apparatus, reference materials of which the thermal resistances are accurately known shall be used. The three reference materials shall have thermal resistances of approximately 5 tog, 10 tog and 15 tog, and thicknesses of approxi
39、mately 25 mm, 50 mm and 75 mm respectively.RtAT1W-= BSI MARCH 2006 5BS 5335-2:20064.3.3 Verification procedure4.3.3.1 PrincipleThe thermal resistance of each reference material and of the air layer is determined for each reference material.4.3.3.2 ProcedureCondition the reference material following
40、the procedure given in 4.4.Lay the reference material on the test apparatus, and place a temperature sensor in good contact with the upper surface of the reference material vertically below each of the air temperature sensors. Follow the procedure for the determination of thermal resistance given in
41、 4.5.5 to 4.5.8, substituting the reference material for the quilt, but do not make any deduction for the thermal resistance of the air layer.Calculate the thermal resistance of the reference material Rf(in togs) and the thermal resistance of the air layer Ra(in togs) from the equations:where:Rtis t
42、he total thermal resistance of the reference material and the air layer, in togs;t0is the temperature of the air layer above the reference material, in degrees Celsius (C);t1is the temperature of the reference material lower surface, in degrees Celsius (C);t3is the temperature of the reference mater
43、ial upper surface, in degrees Celsius (C).NOTE The value of (t3 t0 ) is very small and extreme care is required in its measurement.4.3.4 Record of verificationFor each test of each reference material, record the difference between the mean determination of the thermal resistance and the stated therm
44、al resistance of the reference material as a percentage of the stated value.4.4 Conditioning4.4.1 Lay the reference material or quilt flat, or suspend the quilt from one side, such that there is a minimum of 25 cm free air access to all surfaces of the quilt. If a channelled quilt is suspended for c
45、onditioning, the channels shall be horizontal.4.4.2 Condition the reference material or quilt in an atmosphere maintained at a relative humidity of (65 2)% r.h., measured to an accuracy of 2% r.h., and a temperature of (20 2) C, for the following minimum periods: reference material: 24 h;quilt: 5 da
46、ys.BS 5335-2:20066 BSI MARCH 20064.5 Test procedure4.5.1 Prepare the quilt in the following manner.a) Remove the quilt from its packaging and shake vigorously from both sides and both ends.b) If a channelled quilt is loose filled, shake the quilt from each end until the filling occupies the middle o
47、f each channel.c) Lay the quilt flat, or suspend it from one side, such that there is a minimum of 25 cm free air access to all surfaces of the quilt. If a channelled quilt is suspended for conditioning, the channels shall be horizontal.d) Carefully spread the filling evenly throughout the quilt, ch
48、ecking its distribution by lightly running a hand over the casing.4.5.2 Condition the quilt in the following manner.a) Take care not to disturb the uniformity of the distribution of the filling following the preparation procedure.b) Prepare the quilt in accordance with 4.4.1.c) Condition the quilt i
49、n the atmosphere given in 4.4.2 for a minimum period of 5 days.4.5.3 Transfer the quilt to the test apparatus without disturbing the filling. Place the quilt on the central measuring area. Fluff up each half of the quilt by lifting each side and gently shaking three times that half of the quilt, shaking across the channels if the quilt is channelled.NOTE This is to allow the filling to attain its maximum thickness without disturbing the uniformity of the distribution of the filling.4.5.4 If ne
