1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 6043-4.1:2000 ISO 1442
2、2:1999 ICS 71.100.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Methods of sampling and test for carbonaceous materials used in aluminium manufacture Part 4: Cold ramming pastes Section 4.1: Methods of samplingThis British Standard, having been prepared under the directio
3、n of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 January 2000 BSI 01-2000 ISBN 0 580 35780 5 BS 6043-4.1:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Stand
4、ard reproduces verbatim ISO 14422:1999 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS 6043-4.1:1991 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/24, Raw materials for the aluminium industry, which has the responsibility to: aid
5、 enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizati
6、ons represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Co
7、rrespondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does
8、 not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the docume
9、nt was last issued.Reference number ISO 14422:1999(E) ISO 1999 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14422 First edition 1999-10-01 Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium Cold-ramming pastes Methods of sampling Produits carbons utiliss pour la production de laluminium Ptes de brasquage froi
10、d chantillonnageii blankISO14422:1999(E)iii Contents Page Foreword.iv 1 Scope1 2 Normativereference1 3 Termsanddefinitions.1 4 General2 5 Apparatus.2 6 Procedure.4 6.1 Massofincrement.4 6.2 Massoffinalsample4 6.3 Selectionofitemsforsampling.4 6.4 Samplingtechniques.4 6.4.1 Selectionoftechnique4 6.4.
11、2 Coningandquartering4 6.4.3 Flattened-heaptechnique.5 6.4.4 Sampling-speartechnique5 6.4.5 Samplingfromproductduringmanufacture5 6.5 Samplesubdivision.5 6.5.1 Finalsample.5 6.5.2 Laboratoryandreferencesamples5 6.5.3 Testportions5 7 Samplingreport.6ISO14422:1999(E) iv Foreword ISO(theInternationalOr
12、ganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatco
13、mmittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IE
14、CDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisInternationalStandardmaybeth
15、esubjectof patentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO14422waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC47, Chemistry, Subcommittee SC7, Aluminium oxide, cryolite, aluminium fluoride, sodium fluoride, carbonaceous products for the aluminium indus
16、try.INTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO14422:1999(E)1 Carbonaceousmaterialsusedintheproductionof aluminiumCold-rammingpastesMethodsofsampling 1 Scope ThisInternationalStandarddescribesmethodsandconditionsforsamplingofcold-rammingpastesusedin aluminiummanufacture. 2 Normativereference Thefollowingnormativedocu
17、mentcontainsprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constitutesprovisions ofthisInternationalStandard.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,anyofthese publicationsdonotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthisInternationalStandardareencouragedto investigatethepossibilityofapp
18、lyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.For undatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.MembersofISOandIEC maintainregistersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO6257, Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium Pitch for elec
19、trodes Sampling. 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisInternationalStandard,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO6257andthefollowing apply. 3.1 cold-rammingpaste mixturecontaininggradedcarbonaceousaggregateandbondingmaterialswhichhardenwhenheatedtoforma carbonaceousbond NOTE Suchamixtureneedstobeins
20、talledatornearambienttemperaturebytheuseofmechanicalorpneumatictoolsor vibration. 3.2 increment amountofmaterialtakenfromasampleunitinasingleoperationwithasamplingdevice 3.3 testportion amountofmaterialtakenfromthelaboratorysampleandpreparedinamannersuitableforuseinaparticular determination 3.4 samp
21、leunit item definedquantityofmaterialhavingaboundary NOTE1 Theboundarymaybephysical,forexampleacontainer,ortemporal,forexampleaparticulartimeortimeintervalin thecaseofastreamofmaterial.ISO14422:1999(E) 2 NOTE2 Anumberofsampleunitsmaybegatheredtogether,forexampleinapackageorbox. NOTE3 InEnglish,thete
22、rms“item“,“unit“and“individual“aresometimesusedassynonymsfor“sampleunit“.InFrench,the term“individu“issometimesusedasasynonymfor“unitdchantillonnage“. 4 General Thetypeofsamplingequipment,andthepreparationandreductionofthesamples,whichshouldnotalterthe propertiestobedetermined,shallbeagreedbetweenth
23、econtractingparties. Whensamplingmaterialinmovement,dosoduringloadingorunloadingoftheconsignmentorwhilepackaging unitsarebeingfilled(see6.4.5). Duringsampling,sampledivision,andthepreparationandstorageofsamples,protectthesamplesfromany factorswhichmaycausechangesinthepropertiestobedetermined. Ifrequ
24、ired,subdividetheconsignmentintoindividualtestlots(forexample,ifitisclearthattheconsignment consistsofvariouslotsoristobetreatedinseparatepartialquantities). Distributetheincrementsovertheentireconsignmentandtakethematregularponderalortemporalintervals whichdonotvarythroughoutthedurationofonesamplin
25、gprocedure.Inaddition,dividetheconsignmentbymass andtimeintoasmanyintervalsasthereareincrementstobetaken.Initialsamplingisperformedatamoment chosenatrandomwithinthefirstinterval. NOTE Theterm“ponderal“describesfixedintervalsofmass. 5 Apparatus Ensurethatsamplecontainers,samplingequipmentandanyancill
26、aryequipmentlikelytocomeintocontactwith theproductbeingsampledarecleananddry. 5.1 Quarteringcross,ofmetalorotherrigidimpermeablematerial,withfourbladesjoinedtogetheratthe centreatrightanglestoeachother.Theheightofthebladesformingthecrossshallbegreaterthanthatofthe flattenedconicalpileofmaterialonwhi
27、chitisused(see6.4.2),andthelengthoftheindividualbladesshallbe greaterthantheradiusoftheflattenedcone. 5.2 Samplingscoop,withaninternalwidthatleastsixtimestheestimatedsizeofthelargestparticlesinthe producttobesampled,andcapableofcontainingtherequiredminimummassofanincrement(seeTable1). Table1Minimumm
28、assofincrement Maximumgrainsize mm Minimummassof increment g 20 2000 200 10 500 50 3 200 20 1 50 5ISO14422:1999(E)3 5.3 Samplingspear,asillustratedinFigures1and2,withaminimuminternaldiameterDatleastsixtimesthe estimatedsizeofthelargestparticlesofthematerialtobesampled,andcapableofcontainingtherequir
29、ed minimummassofincrement(seeTable1).ThelengthLofthespearshallbeapproximately10%greaterthanthe depthoftheproducttobesampled. 5.4 Samplecontainers,ofsufficientcapacitytobenearlyfilledbythesamples,leavingonlysufficientspacefor expansionandtoavoidlossesduringopening,madeofamaterialwhichwillnotalterthes
30、amplesinanyway. Dimensionsinmillimetres Key 1 Cuttingedge(ground) D Internaldiameter(see5.3) L Length(see5.3) Figure1Open-endsamplespear Dimensionsinmillimetres Key D Internaldiameter(see5.3) L Length(see5.3) Figure2Closed-endsamplingspearISO14422:1999(E) 4 6 Procedure 6.1 Massofincrement Estimatevi
31、suallythemaximumgrainsizeoftheproduct.Usingtheestimatedmaximumgrainsize,determinethe minimummassoftheincrementfromTable1. NOTE Thisprocedureavoidssystematicerrorsduringsampling. 6.2 Massoffinalsample Determinetheminimummassofthefinalsamplefromthetotalmassofthematerialtobesampled,byusingthe valuesinT
32、able2.Ifthevalueobtainedislessthansixtimesthetotalamountofmaterialrequiredfortesting, increasethemassofthefinalsampletosixtimesthatrequiredfortesting. Table2Minimummassoffinalsample Massofmaterialto besampled tonnes Massoffinalsample kg 1 8 1to5 12 5to10 16 10to50 24 50to100 32 6.3 Selectionofitemsf
33、orsampling Ifthesequenceofmanufactureoftheindividualitemscomprisingthelotisknown,e.g.fromthecontainermarks, taketheincrementssothattheyaredistributedasuniformlyaspossiblethroughoutthewholesequence.Ifthe manufacturingsequenceisnotknown,taketheincrementsatrandomfromthelot. 6.4 Samplingtechniques 6.4.1
34、 Selectionoftechnique Ifboththenumberofindividualitemsandtheirmassesaresmall,taketherequiredincrementsbyconingand quartering(see6.4.2).Iftheindividualitemsaretoolargetobesampledsatisfactorilybyconingandquartering, usetheflattened-heapmethod(see6.4.3)orthesampling-speartechnique(see6.4.4).Iftheincrem
35、entsaretobe takenfromtheproductduringmanufacture,usetheproceduredescribedin6.4.5. 6.4.2 Coningandquartering Emptytheproductfromacontainerrepresentingoneitemontoaclean,impervioussurfaceandformitintoa conicalpilebyshovelling.Worksystematicallyaroundthepile,placingshovelfulsontheapexoftheconefrom every
36、sidesothatthecentreoftheconeisnotdisplaced.Flattentheconebypressurewiththebackoftheshovel, takingcarethattheresultingpileisuniforminheightanddiameterandthatitscentrecoincideswiththecentreof theoriginalcone.Repeattheconingandflatteningoperationstwice. Dividethepileintoquartersalongtwolinesintersectin
37、gatrightangles,usingaquarteringcross(5.1).Removeand rejecttheproductintwodiagonallyoppositequartersandrepeattheconingandquarteringuntilthemassofthe unrejectedproductiswithinthelimitsfortherequiredmassoftheincrement(see6.1).CombinetheunrejectedISO14422:1999(E)5 quarterstoformtheincrement.Combinethein
38、dividualincrements(see6.1and6.2)toformthefinalsample(see 6.5.1). 6.4.3 Flattened-heaptechnique Emptytheproductfromacontainerrepresentingoneitemontoaclean,impervioussurfaceandmixitthoroughly. Scrapetheproductintoaheap,thenflattentheheap.Usingasamplingscoop(5.2),takeatleast20approximately equalincreme
39、ntseachwithintherequiredmasslimits(see6.1).Digtothebottomoftheheaponalloccasionsand ensurethattheincrementtakencontainsproductfromthroughoutthedepthoftheheap.Combinetheincrements toformthefinalsample(see6.5.1). 6.4.4 Sampling-speartechnique Thrustthesamplingspear(5.3)atanangleintotheproductinacontai
40、nerrepresentingoneitem,withtheopen sideofthespearfacingdownwards.Givethespeartwoorthreeturnsthen,withtheopensideuppermost, withdrawitcarefullysothatitremainsfilledwiththeproduct.Transferthewithdrawnincrementtothesample container.Repeatthetechniqueatanumberofpointsuniformlydistributedovertheaccessibl
41、esurfaceofthe productuntilthemassofsamplerequired(see6.1and6.2)hasbeenobtained.Combinetheindividualincrements toformthefinalsample(see6.5.1). 6.4.5 Samplingfromproductduringmanufacture WARNINGItisessentialtoperformthefollowingoperationswiththemixer switched off and isolated. Ifthemixerisofatypeallow
42、ingsatisfactoryaccessforsamplingthewholeofthebatch,e.g.apanmill,usea samplingscoop(5.2)totakeanumberofincrements,eachwithintherequiredmasslimits(see6.1),sothatthe totalmassoftheincrementsisnolessthanthatrequiredforthefinalsample(see6.2).Digthroughthefulldepthof theproductintakingtheincrements,sothat
43、eachincrementcontainsproductfromthroughoutthedepthofthe charge.Combinetheincrementstoformthefinalsample(see6.5.1). 6.5 Samplesubdivision 6.5.1 Finalsample Ifthelaboratoryandreferencesamplesaretobedrawnfrommorethanoneitem,taketheindividualsamples drawnfromallthesampleditemsandmixthemtogetherthoroughl
44、ybeforeperforminganysubdivisionwhichmay benecessary. 6.5.2 Laboratoryandreferencesamples Thelaboratorysampleandthereferencesampleshalleachbeofatleastthreetimesthetotalmassrequiredfor theindividualdeterminationswhicharetobeundertaken(see6.2).Ifthemassofthefinalsample(see6.5.1)is morethantwicethecombi
45、nedrequirementforthelaboratoryandreferencesamples,subdividethefinalsampleby coningandquarteringinaccordancewith6.4.2untilthefinaloperationproducestwopairsofoppositequarterswith eachpairtotallingnotlessthantherequiredmass.Combineonepairofoppositequarterstogivethelaboratory sample,andcombinetheotherpa
46、irtogivethereferencesample. 6.5.3 Testportions 6.5.3.1 Taketestportionsforindividualdeterminationsbysubdividingthelaboratorysamplebyconingand quarteringinaccordancewith6.4.2.Makeanynecessaryadjustmentstothetestportionmassoflessthan5%by massinaccordancewith6.5.3.2. 6.5.3.2 Addrandomlyselectedspotport
47、ionsasnecessaryfromthelaboratorysampleorsubtractrandomly selectedspotportionsfromthetestsample.ISO14422:1999(E) 6 7 Samplingreport Thesamplingreportshallcontainthefollowinginformation: a) alldetailsnecessaryforcompleteidentificationofthemanufacturerandtheproducttype; b) thedateofmanufactureoftheloto
48、rconsignment; c) thenumberofcontainersinthelotorconsignment,andtheirsizeandindividualidentifyingmarks; d) thenumberofcontainerssampledandtheirindividualidentifyingmarks,inthecaseofmaterialsampledin accordancewithclause6afterdelivery; e) themethodofsamplingused,includingareferencetothisInternationalS
49、tandard,i.e.ISO14422:1999,the numberofincrementstaken,andtheapproximatemassofthelaboratoryandreferencesamples; f) theidentifyingmarksusedforthelaboratoryandreferencesamples; g) anyunusualfeaturesnotedduringsampling; h) anyoperationnotincludedinthisInternationalStandardorregardedasoptional.BS 6043-4.1:2000 ISO 14422:1999 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
