1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 8595:2013Code of practice for theselection of water reusesystemsPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2013Published by BSI Standards Limited 201
2、3ISBN 978 0 580 78207 7ICS 13.060.20; 13.060.30; 93.030The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference CB/506Draft for comment 13/30259799 DCPublication historyFirst published September 2013Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 8595:2013 BRITISH
3、 STANDARDContentsForeword iiIntroduction 11 Scope 12 Normative references 23 Terms and definitions 24 Assessment process 45 Step 1: Initial appraisal of project 46 System selection 87 Step 2: Assessing physical constraints 98 Step 3: Sources and end uses 119 Step 4: Supply and demand balance 1110 St
4、ep 5: Assessment and management of risks 1411 Step 6: Evaluation of system performance 1812 Comparison of options 22AnnexesAnnex A (informative) System scale and design complexity 23Annex B (informative) Geology and ground conditions 24Annex C (informative) Rainwater harvesting for storm attenuation
5、 25Annex D (informative) Water safety plan 27Annex E (informative) Energy and carbon implications 28Bibliography 31List of figuresFigure 1 Steps in the selection of a water reuse system 4Figure 2 Initial appraisal 5Figure3Water stress at abstraction catchment scale for the UK 7Figure 4 Assessing the
6、 scale of a system installation 9Figure5Water quality and treatment considerations 15List of tablesTable 1 System type and scale 10Table2Water quality criteria for greywater and rainwater systems 11Table 3 Estimated daily non-potable water demand 12Table4Treatment methods for reclaimed water 16Table
7、5Template of table to compare options 19Table A.1 Classification of the scale and complexity of a project 23Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 32, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8595:2013 The British Stand
8、ards Institution 2013 iForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 30 September 2013. Itwas prepared by Technical Committee CB/506, Water reuse. A list oforganizations represen
9、ted on this committee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.The initial drafting of this British Standard was produced in association with BISas part of their ongoing programme of support for standardization.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guid
10、ance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Presentational conventionsThe provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are express
11、ed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary
12、 provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.Particular attention is drawn to the following regulations: The Private Water Supplies Regulations 1, comprising The Private WaterSupplies Regul
13、ations 2009; The Private Water Supplies (Wales) Regulations2010 as amended; The Private Water Supplies (Scotland) Regulations 2006 asamended; The Private Water Supplies Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009 asamended; The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 2; The Confined Spaces R
14、egulations 1997 3; The Work at Height Regulations 2005 4.In this document, the following national regulations, which apply to plumbingsystems in premises to which a supply of public mains water has been provided,are referred to collectively as the “Water Fittings Regulations 5”: The Water Supply (Wa
15、ter Fittings) Regulations 1999, in England and Wales; The Water Byelaws 2004 (Scotland), in Scotland; The Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009, inNorthern Ireland.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8595:2013ii The British Standards Institution 2013IntroductionWater reuse refers to the c
16、ollection and utilization of previously used water andrainwater. The collection and reuse of water is an alternative or supplement tothe public mains water supply for a variety of non-potable water uses. Inaddition, for rainwater harvesting systems, it may also provide benefits for theattenuation of
17、 surface water run-off.The term “water reuse systems” is not to be confused with the morecomprehensive term “alternative water supply systems”, which applies to allnon-potable water supply, sanitation and sustainable drainage systems (SuDS).For example, private borehole water supplies are an alterna
18、tive water supplysystem but are not considered to be water reuse.The suitability of water reuse systems at any particular location is in partdependent on the needs and constraints of the local environment andinfrastructure. For example, rainwater harvesting systems could be selected tohelp manage th
19、e surface water run-off with the additional benefit of reducingmains water use. Similarly, water reuse systems might not be deemedappropriate in areas where water scarcity, pollution from combined seweroverflows or other such environmental constraints are not of concern.This British Standard has bee
20、n written: to assist developers, designers and specifiers in taking into account localneeds and constraints when evaluating the suitability of specific water reusesystems; to aid the development of evidence-based policies on water reuse by waterand wastewater service suppliers, lead local flood auth
21、orities (LLFAs), localplanning authorities (LPAs), internal drainage boards (IDBs) and theEnvironment Agency; to complement BS 8515, BS 8525-1 and BS 8525-2, which deal in detail withrainwater harvesting systems and greywater systems.1 ScopeThis British Standard gives recommendations on how to selec
22、t water reusesystem(s), taking into account water resources, surface water management,water supply and sewage infrastructure. It applies to both new and existingdevelopments in residential and non-residential premises.This British Standard covers the following water reuse systems: rainwaterharvestin
23、g, stormwater harvesting and greywater reuse. It covers the supply ofwater for domestic water uses that do not require potable water quality, such aslaundry, toilet flushing and garden watering. It does not cover systems supplyingpotable water for drinking, food preparation and cooking, dishwashing
24、andpersonal hygiene.This British Standard does not cover other sources of non-potable water, such astreated effluent, reclaimed industrial process water and water abstracted fromwells and boreholes.NOTE 1 Although this British Standard does not give specific recommendationsrelating to the use of rai
25、nwater, stormwater or greywater for fire suppression orcommercial irrigation, these applications are not excluded.It does not cover water butts or direct reuse systems for external use. It alsodoes not cover product design for specific system components or the design andinstallation of water reuse s
26、ystems.NOTE 2 Further information on the design and installation of water reuse systemscan be found in BS 8515, BS 8525-1 and BS 8525-2.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8595:2013 The British Standards Institution 2013 12 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced
27、 in thisdocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, onlythe edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.Standards publicationsBS 8515:2009, Rainwater harvesting systems Code of practiceBS
28、 8525-1:2010, Greywater systems Part 1: Code of practiceBS 8525-2, Greywater systems Part 2: Domestic greywater treatment equipment Requirements and test methodsBS 8542:2011, Calculating domestic water consumption in non-domesticbuildings Code of practiceBS ISO 15686-5, Buildings and constructed ass
29、ets Service-life planning Part 5:Life-cycle costingOther publicationsN1WATER REGULATIONS ADVISORY SCHEME. Information and Guidance NoteNo. 9-02-05, Issue 3. Marking and identification of pipework for water reusesystems. Newport: WRAS, 2011.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Stan
30、dard, the following terms and definitionsapply.3.1 carbon footprintmeasure of the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) used over the whole life ofa product (goods or services), from the extraction of raw materials andmanufacturing right through to its use and final reuse, recycling or disposal3.2 emb
31、odied carbongreenhouse gases released during resource extraction, transport, manufacturingof a product and its final disposalNOTE The SI units are kgCO2/kg.3.3 greywaterdomestic wastewater excluding faecal matter and urineSOURCE: BS EN 1085:2007, 2190NOTE 1 This British Standard covers systems using
32、 bathroom greywater. For ease ofreference, where the standard refers to “greywater”, this is assumed to be“bathroom greywater”.NOTE 2 For the purposes of this British Standard, greywater excludes kitchenwastewater.3.4 harvested rainwaterrainwater collected from roof catchmentsBRITISH STANDARDBS 8595
33、:20132 The British Standards Institution 20133.5 harvested stormwaterrainwater run-off collected from impermeable surfaces other than roofsNOTE Impermeable surfaces might include paved surfaces, pedestrian pathways,roads and water collected by permeable pavements. Rainwater run-off is likely toconta
34、in a higher level of contamination from urban pollutants in comparison toharvested rainwater.3.6 life cycle analysis (LCA)method to assess impacts associated with all stages of a products life, focusingon an economic assessment using profiles of current and future costs andbenefits to calculate a di
35、scounted net present value of the life cycle costs,including capital costs, operating costs and end of life costs3.7 multi-user systemresidential and commercial rainwater/greywater reuse systems designed to servemultiple properties and users, such as flats, residential and/or housingassociations, ho
36、tels, offices and other commercial applications3.8 operational carbonemissions of carbon and other greenhouse gases during operation of a system3.9 potable waterwater suitable for human consumptionNOTE 1 Attention is drawn to Section 67 of the Water Industry Act 1991 6,Section 76J of the Water (Scot
37、land) Act 1980 7 and Article 107 of the Water andSewerage Services (2006 Order) (Commencement No. 3) Order (Northern Ireland)2010 8.NOTE 2 Potable water can also be referred to as “wholesome” water.3.10 rainwaterwater arising from atmospheric precipitationSOURCE: BS 8515:2009, 3.233.11 reclaimed wat
38、ergreywater, or harvested rainwater or stormwater3.12 single user systemrainwater and greywater system designed for a single user3.13 sustainable drainage systems (SuDS)surface water drainage systems developed in line with the principles ofsustainable development3.14 water reusesystematic collection
39、 and utilization of non-mains water or previously usedwater for non-potable purposes only3.15 water safety planplan to ensure the safety of treated water using risk assessment and riskmanagement approachesBRITISH STANDARD BS 8595:2013 The British Standards Institution 2013 34 Assessment processThe s
40、teps shown in Figure 1 should be followed to select a water reuse system.5 Step 1: Initial appraisal of project5.1 GeneralWater efficiency measures should be taken into account and implementedwhere possible before proceeding with the selection of a water reuse system.NOTE Examples of water efficienc
41、y measures include low flow taps and dual flushtoilets.An initial appraisal should be carried out in accordance with Figure 2 todetermine the projects key considerations and constraints.Figure 1 Steps in the selection of a water reuse systemBRITISH STANDARDBS 8595:20134 The British Standards Institu
42、tion 20135.2 Key considerations5.2.1 Levels of stress on water resources (local and regional)The long-term availability of water supplies should be determined whenscoping, evaluating, planning and selecting any water reuse systems.Figure 2 Initial appraisalBRITISH STANDARD BS 8595:2013 The British S
43、tandards Institution 2013 5NOTE 1 Climate change might affect the long-term availability of water supplieswithin the catchment.If the site in question lies within a water-stressed catchment, water reusesystems should be designed to help reduce the amount of water abstracted andhelp reduce the level
44、of water stress in the local area.NOTE 2 The water stress level for the local catchment for the UK can be obtainedfrom Figure 3. Detailed information about availability of water and whether thelocation of interest lies in a water-stressed zone can be obtained from the localEnvironment Agency office,
45、 water service providers or from the local water resourcemanagement plan.NOTE 3 Attention is drawn to the EU Water Framework Directive 9.5.2.2 Water supply infrastructure capacityThe capacity of the local water supply infrastructure to meet current andprojected future demands should be assessed; if
46、there is a lack of capacity, awater reuse system may be used to help meet future needs by reducing theoverall water demand.NOTE Information about the capacity of the water supply infrastructure to meetcurrent and future demand can be obtained from local water service providers.5.2.3 Drainage network
47、 infrastructure capacityThe capacity of the local drainage network infrastructure to meet current andprojected future demands should be assessed; if there is a lack of capacity in anarea to meet current or projected future drainage requirements (e.g. due tonew development, urban creep or observed in
48、creases in rainfall due to climatechange), a water reuse system may be used to help minimize, or be acomponent part of a SuDS which prevents discharges of surface water run-off.NOTE 1 Information about the capacity of the drainage system to meet current andfuture demand can be obtained from local dr
49、ainage and sewerage undertakers.NOTE 2 National or local criteria for new surface water drainage systems are likelyto set requirements for development site run-off volumes to be controlled topre-development equivalents, for the 1 in 100 year event, when discharging eitherto sewerage or directly to water bodies. In many cases, meeting this criterion mightrequire water harvesting and reuse systems for attenuation.5.2.4 Wastewater treatment works infrastructure capacityThe capacity of the local wastewater t
