1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 60835-3-2:1996 BS 7573-3.2: 1996 IEC 835-3-2: 1995 Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part 3: Measurements on satellite earth stations Section 3.2 Antenna The European Standard EN60835-3-2:1996 has the status of a British
2、Standard ICS 33.060.30BSEN60835-3-2:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Electrotechnical Sector Board, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15 August 1996 BSI12-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on t
3、his standard: Committee reference EPL/12/5 Draft for comment 95/210346 DC ISBN 0 580 26032 1 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee EPL/12, Radio communication, to Subcommittee EPL/12/5, Radio communication syste
4、ms, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Broadcasting Corporation British Radio and Electronic Equipment Manufacturers Association British Telecommunications plc ERA Technology Ltd. Institution of Electrical Engineers Radio, Electrical and Television Retailers Association Radioc
5、ommunications Agency Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSEN60835-3-2:1996 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 60835-3-2 5 List of references Inside back coverBSEN60835-3-2:1996 ii BSI 12-1999 Nationa
6、l foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee EPL/12/5 and is the English language version of EN60835-3-2:1996Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part3:Measurements on satellite earth stations Section3.2 Antenna, published by
7、 the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). It is identical with IEC835-3-2:1995, published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). BS EN 60835 is published in three Parts. The other Parts are: Part 1: Measurements common to terrestrial radio-relay systems
8、 and satellite earth stations; Part 2: Measurements on terrestrial radio-relay systems. Some of the many Sections of the three Parts have appeared under the number BS7573, of the same generic title. This Section of BS EN60835-3 gives definitions and methods of measurement of the electrical character
9、istics of satellite earth-station antennas for frequencies above about1GHz. The methods are applicable to reflector type antennas for digital and analogue signal transmission. Additional information. In adopting the text of the International Standard the following typographical error was discovered.
10、 In clause3, paragraph2, line2: “IEC60” should read “IEC50(60)”. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
11、from legal obligations. Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard IEC 50(712) 1992 BS 4727 Glossary of electrotechnical, power, telecommunication, electronics, lighting and colour terms Part 3: Terms particular to telecommunications and electronics Group 15:1992 Antenna
12、s BS EN 60835 Methods of measurement for equipment usedin digital microwave radio transmission systems EN 60835-1-2:1993 (IEC 835-1-2:1992) Part 1 Measurements common to terrestrial radio-relay systems and satellite earth stations Section 1.2:1995 Basic characteristics Part 3 Measurement on satellit
13、e earth stations EN 60835-3-4:1995 (IEC 835-3-4:1993) Section 3.4:1996 Low noise amplifier EN 60835-3-7:1995 (IEC 835-3-7:1995) Section 3.7:1996 Figure-of-merit of receiving system Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, theENtitlepage, pages2 to4
14、4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN60835-3-2 March 1996 ICS33.060.30 Descri
15、ptors: Telecommunications, radiocommunications, communication equipment, antenna, earth station, microwave frequencies, digital technics, measurements, characteristics English version Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part3:Measurements on sate
16、llite earth stations Section 2: Antenna (IEC 835-3-2:1995) Mthodes de mesure applicables au matriel utilis pour les systmes de transmission numrique en hyperfrquence Partie 3: Mesures applicables aux stations terriennes de tlcommunications par satellite Section 2: Antenne (CEI 835-3-2:1995) Meverfah
17、ren fr Gerte in digitalen Mikrowellen-Funkbertragungssystemen Teil 3: Messungen an Satelliten-Erdfunkstellen Hauptabschnitt 2: Antenne (IEC 835-3-2:1995) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on1996-03-05. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which s
18、tipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Sta
19、ndard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the nati
20、onal electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalis
21、ation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to CENELEC members Ref. No. EN 60835-3-2:1996 EEN60835-3-2:1996 2 BSI 12-1999 Foreword The text of document 12E/247/FDIS, future edition1 of IEC835
22、-3-2, prepared by SC12E, Radio-relay and fixed satellite communication systems, of IECTC12, Radiocommunications, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN60835-3-2 on1996-03-05. The following dates were fixed: Annexes designated “normative” are part of the body
23、 of the standard. Annexes designated “informative” are given for information only. In this standard, Annex ZA is normative and Annex A is informative, Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Definitions 5 4 Conditions of measurement 9 5 Anten
24、na gain 9 5.1 General considerations 9 5.2 Methods of measurement 10 5.3 Presentation of results 14 5.4 Details to be specified 14 6 Antenna pattern 14 6.1 General considerations 14 6.2 Terrestrial bore-sight pattern measurements 15 6.3 Measurement of antenna pattern via satellite 16 6.4 Antenna mon
25、opulse pattern 17 6.5 Measurement accuracy 18 6.6 Presentation of results 18 6.7 Details to be specified 19 7 Polarization 19 7.1 Calculation of the polarization efficiency 19 7.2 Cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) 20 7.3 Two-port discrimination of dual polarized frequency re-use antennas 23 7.
26、4 Presentation of results 26 7.5 Details to be specified 26 8 Receive figure of merit (G/T) 27 9 Antenna noise temperature 27 9.1 General considerations 27 9.2 Method of measurement 27 9.3 Presentation of results 28 9.4 Details to be specified 28 10 Antenna return loss 28 10.1 Method of measurement
27、28 10.2 Presentation of results 28 10.3 Details to be specified 28 11 Transmit-receive isolation 28 11.1 Method of measurement 28 11.2 Presentation of results 28 11.3 Details to be specified 28 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 44 latest date by which the ENhas to be implemented at national level b
28、y publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 1996-12-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN haveto be withdrawn (dow) 1996-12-01EN60835-3-2:1996 BSI 12-1999 3 Page Annex ZA (normative) Normative references tointernational publications with t
29、heir corresponding European publications 44 Figure 1 Antenna subsystem 29 Figure 2 Measurement of antenna gain by comparison with a gain-reference antenna 30 Figure 3 Receive antenna gain measurement set-up (satellite substitution method) 31 Figure 4 Transmit antenna gain measurementset-up (satellit
30、e link power method) 32 Figure 5 Antenna pattern measurement set-up Receive band 33 Figure 6 Example of measured near-in anglepattern of a32m antenna receive band 34 Figure 7 Antenna pattern measurement set-up Transmit band 35 Figure 8 Example of measured transmit pattern of a32m antenna 36 Figure 9
31、 Antenna tracking pattern and sensitivity measurement set-up (example for a dual polarized frequency re-use antenna receiving a linear polarized beacon) 37 Figure 10 Example of azimuth tracking channelpattern of32m antenna 38 Figure 11 (C+N)/N correction for signal measurements made near the noise l
32、evel 39 Figure 12 Typical arrangement for the measurement of cross-polarization discrimination using an operational satellite 40 Figure 13 Example of antenna axial rationsmeasured via satellite (32m antenna) 41 Figure 14 Antenna noise temperature measurement set-up 42 Figure 15 Transmit-receive port
33、 isolation measurement set-up 434 blankEN60835-3-2:1996 BSI 12-1999 5 1 Scope This section of IEC835-3 gives definitions and methods of measurement of the electrical characteristics of satellite earth-station antennas for frequencies above about1GHz. The methods are applicable to reflector type ante
34、nnas for digital and analog signal transmission. The purpose of the measurements is mainly to confirm that earth-station antenna performance complies with the requirements generally given by the satellite system provider based on the Radio Regulations and applicable International Standards such as I
35、TU-R RecommendationS.733-1 and the CCIR Recommendations465-4,580-3,731 and732. The measurement procedures are often prescribed by international satellite service organizations. Measurements are performed under the condition that all antenna subsystem equipment is connected unless otherwise stated. 2
36、 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this section of IEC835-3. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreemen
37、ts based on this section of IEC835-3 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 50(60):1970, International Electrotechnical Vo
38、cabulary (IEV) Chapter60: Radio-communications. IEC 50(712):1992, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter712: Antennas. IEC 835-1-2:1992, Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part1: Measurements common to terrestrial radio-relay sy
39、stems and satellite earth stations Section2: Basic characteristics. IEC 835-3-4:1993, Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part3: Measurements on satellite earth stations Section4: Low noise amplifier. IEC 835-3-7:1995, Methods of measurement for
40、equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part3: Measurements on satellite earth stations Section7: Figure-of-merit of receiving system. ITU-R S.465-5:1993, Reference earth-station radiation pattern for use in coordination and interference assessment in the frequency range from2
41、 to about30GHz. ITU-R S.580-4:1993, Radiation diagrams for use as design objectives for antennas of earth stations operating with geostationary satellites. ITU-R S.731:1992, Reference earth-station cross-polarized radiation pattern for use in frequency coordination and interference assessment in the
42、 frequency range from2 to about30GHz. ITU-R S.732:1992, Method for statistical processing of earth-station antenna side-lobe peaks. ITU-R S.733-1:1993, Determination of the G/T ratio for earth stations operating in the fixed-satellite service. 3 Definitions For the purpose of this section of IEC835-
43、3, the following definitions apply. For definitions of the general terms used in this section, reference should be made to IEC60 and IEC50(712). In case of conflict, the definition given here takes precedence. 3.1 antenna subsystem an antenna subsystem is that part of the earth-station communication
44、 equipment which comprises the antenna and the feed network, as shown inFigure 1. The antenna considered in this section is a reflector antenna consisting of the main reflector, secondary reflectors, if any, and the primary radiator. The feed network usually may contain frequency diplexers, transmit
45、 reject filters, hybrids, and a polarization diplexer (orthomode transducer) or a polarizer, to which are connected the waveguide feeders to the transmit and receive multiplexing and switching equipment and to the tracking receiver. The antenna subsystem may also include provisions for pointing the
46、antenna. The terminals of the antenna subsystem should be specified for a given measurementEN60835-3-2:1996 6 BSI 12-1999 3.2 antenna port (antenna terminal) an antenna port may be defined at any interface of the feed network where r.f.measurements are usually made. To separate antenna and feed netw
47、ork properties, sometimes the feed horn waveguide flange is defined as the antenna port, but in that case additional measurements including the whole feed network may be important 3.3 antenna gain the gain of a transmitting antenna is the ratio of the power flux density produced in the far-field reg
48、ion, in a given direction and at a given distance from the antenna, to the power flux density which would be produced at the same distance by a loss-free isotropic antenna which accepts the same power from the same source as the antenna under test for receiving antennas, a definition of gain can be
49、derived from that of effective area A e(see3.5) by the equation: where 2 is the wavelength for the same antenna used for transmitting and receiving on the same frequency and with the same terminals, the gains defined above for transmitting and for receiving will be equal, because of the reciprocity of the antenna theoretically, gain does not include losses arising from polarization mismatches and from impedance mismatches at the gain-reference plane of the feed system. However, in practical mea
