1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58hard-substrate communitiesThe European Standard EN ISO 19493:2007 has the status of a British Stand
2、ardICS 13.060.10; 13.060.70Water quality Guidance on marine biological surveys of BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 19493:2007BS EN ISO 19493:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 54108 7Amendments is
3、sued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN ISO 19493:2007. The
4、UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/5, Biological methods.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary pr
5、ovisions of a EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 19493June 2007ICS 13.060.10; 13.060.70English VersionWater quality - Guidance on marine biological surveys of hard-substrate communities (ISO 19493:2007)Qualit de leau - Lignes directrices pour les tudesbiologiques marines des peupl
6、ements du substrat dur (ISO19493:2007)Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung fr meeresbiologischeUntersuchungen von Hartboden-Lebensgemeinschaften(ISO 19493:2007)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 June 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipul
7、ate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exis
8、ts in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodi
9、es of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPE
10、AN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 19493:2007: EForeword This do
11、cument (EN ISO 19493:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 “Water quality“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publicati
12、on of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement t
13、his European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Un
14、ited Kingdom. EN ISO 19493:2007Reference numberISO 19493:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO19493First edition2007-06-15Water quality Guidance on marine biological surveys of hard-substrate communities Qualit de leau Lignes directrices pour les tudes biologiques marines des peuplements du substrat dur
15、 EN ISO 19493:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Quality and safety. 3 4 Strategies and objectives for hard-substrate surveys 4 5 Sampling 8 6 Taxon identification and sample processing. 11 Annex A (normative) Description of methods. 13 Annex
16、B (informative) Field recording form 17 Annex C (informative) Biological definition of the supralittoral, eulittoral and sublittoral zones . 18 Annex D (informative) Basis for the choice of semi-quantitative surveys in a standard . 19 Annex E (informative) Detailed method for calculating level of ex
17、posure . 20 Bibliography . 21 EN ISO 19493:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each
18、 member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internationa
19、l Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
20、 adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
21、 patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19493 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 230, Water analysis, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommitte
22、e SC 5, Biological methods, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). EN ISO 19493:2007vIntroduction Surveys of benthic marine algae and fauna on hard substrates represent an important part of marine environmental surveys. The species compositi
23、on, both in terms of the species present and their relative abundances, is a result of the natural and anthropogenic environmental factors at the survey site. Natural factors that influence species composition include wave exposure, depth, salinity, nutrient level, type of substrate, slope, orientat
24、ion, turbidity, current, temperature and grazing. Anthropogenic factors include pollution (e.g. oil, contaminants, particles), physical disturbance, elevated nutrient levels and effects from fisheries. A number of different methods are being used to investigate flora and fauna on hard substrate acco
25、rding to the survey aim and the type of biotope surveyed. To allow environmental authorities and others to make use of this knowledge, it is essential that surveys are intercomparable in time and space, as well as between operators, and that the data are of a high quality. This International Standar
26、d is based on a limited selection of methods that allow precise documentation, that are replicable and which have been tested over many years. In choosing methods for this standard, semi-quantitative and quantitative techniques have been emphasized, such that species and quantities can be related to
27、 a known area of sea floor. For the purposes of this International Standard, hard substrate is defined as bedrock, stable rocks and fixed marine constructions (e.g. pipelines and quays). The main focus is on biological surveys based on species that can be recorded in the field (i.e. that are visible
28、 to the naked eye). The guidelines are applicable to seagrass communities and their epiflora and epifauna. They can also be used for surveys of stable substrates comprising loose pebbles/boulders, stone blocks, coarse gravel and other loose material as well as bedrock covered with loose sediment, bu
29、t in general, such substrates require specially adapted techniques. Additional methods are usually required for surveys in depths greater than approximately 30 m. For sediment sampling in marine areas, refer to ISO 5667-19. For surveys of sublittoral soft-bottom fauna, see ISO 16665. EN ISO 19493:20
30、07blank1Water quality Guidance on marine biological surveys of hard-substrate communities 1 Scope This International Standard provides guidance for marine biological surveys of supralittoral, eulittoral and sublittoral hard substrate for environmental impact assessment and monitoring in coastal area
31、s. This International Standard comprises development of the sampling programme, survey methods, species identification, and storage of data and collected material. This International Standard specifies the minimum requirements for environmental monitoring. The methods are limited to surveys and semi
32、-quantitative and quantitative recording techniques that cause little destruction of the fauna and flora. In practice, this refers to direct recording in the field and photography. Sampling by scraping off organisms, use of a suction sampler, etc. are not covered in this International Standard, but
33、such techniques can be used as a supplement to obtain information on small-sized species or those that live hidden. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 area of influence area influenced or expected to be influenced, based on the a
34、vailable information 2.2 biotope area of uniform environmental conditions (habitat) and its characteristic assemblage of plant and/or animal species EXAMPLE Laminaria hyperborea community (cuvie or tangleweed), knotted wrack community, blue mussel belt. 2.3 macroscopic organisms algae and animals th
35、at are visible without magnification equipment (W 1 mm) and which can be recorded in the field NOTE Certain macroscopic organisms can require microscopic inspection for identification. For microscopy of collected material, the lower size limit is set to 1 mm. EN ISO 19493:20072 2.4 hard substrate su
36、bstrate consisting of bedrock, larger rocks/stones or fixed marine constructions such as wharfs, quays and pipelines NOTE For the purpose of this International Standard, hard substrate can also include other substrates that are not likely to be moved or turned over during a reasonable time period so
37、 that perennial species communities are likely to develop (e.g. pebbles and stones in sheltered environments). 2.5 hard substrate flora and fauna attached algae and animals, together with relatively stationary animals living on or in close association with hard substrate EXAMPLE Attached: kelp, seaw
38、eeds, sponges, bryozoans, corals, mussels, barnacles, ascidians. Relatively stationary: snails, sea-urchins, crabs. 2.6 supralittoral zone zone above the eulittoral zone, which is reached by spray water NOTE Its upper limit is normally determined by the upper limit of Verrucaria (black lichen belt),
39、 blue-green algae (usually Calothrix scopulorum) or littorinid snails. 2.7 eulittoral zone marine intertidal zone which is submersed and emerged, either periodically due to tides or aperiodically due to irregularly occurring factors, as in the enclosed seas of the Baltic or the Mediterranean NOTE Bi
40、ologically, this zone is defined as the zone between the upper limit of barnacles and the upper limit of laminarians. In the Baltic where there is no tide, the eulittoral zone is the zone of short-lived annual algae. 2.8 sublittoral zone zone below the eulittoral zone, which is submersed with the up
41、per part at extreme low water levels occasionally emerging NOTE 1 In this International Standard, the lower limit is set by the deepest occurring algae. NOTE 2 This is also referred to as the subtidal zone. NOTE 3 Biologically, this zone is defined as the zone between the upper limit of laminarians
42、and the lower limit of algal vegetation (see Annex C). 2.9 level of exposure level of wave and current exposure at a site 2.10 receiving water body water body which receives an input of material, of either natural or anthropogenic origin NOTE The term often appears in the context of contamination (f
43、or example effluent from municipal waste water outlets or industrial processed water). Receiving water body surveys describe the state of contamination in a given area. 2.11 sampling station precise location where recording is carried out and any samples collected NOTE A sampling station is defined
44、by its geographical position (OS National Grid Reference, latitude, longitude), its depth (relative to chart datum and normalized to mean low water as given in tide tables) and any other information on physical conditions (e.g. substrate type, slope and orientation). EN ISO 19493:200732.12 reference
45、 station one or more sampling stations chosen to represent environmental conditions in a given area, i.e. free from direct anthropogenic influences 2.13 baseline survey survey with emphasis on characterization and description of biotic and abiotic conditions in the survey area, and which forms the b
46、asis for future monitoring and/or follow-up surveys 2.14 temporal trend monitoring surveys of the hard substrate community in response to temporal changes in chemical and/or physical conditions in the surrounding waters to document either pollution or natural variation over time 2.15 ROV Remotely Op
47、erated Vehicle remote-controlled underwater vehicle with video camera and often the possibility for mounting additional equipment such as sonar, manipulator arm, etc. 3 Quality and safety 3.1 Health and safety requirements 3.1.1 General All phases of hard substrate field work and sample processing s
48、hould adhere strictly to national and international health and safety regulations. The main points are listed below. 3.1.2 Laboratory safety facilities A valid health and safety manual should be freely available in the institute or laboratory and the appropriate first aid supplies and emergency faci
49、lities (such as an eyewash station and a shower) should be installed. The laboratory and storage areas should further be equipped with point-ventilation outlets and preferably have a monitor for chemical levels in the air. 3.1.3 Requirements for diving For surveys that require diving, this should be carried out in accordance with the appropriate rules and regulations. The diver and others participating in the diving work are required to follow the national or international regulations implemented for the prevention of accid
