1、BS ISO 10815:2016Mechanical vibration Measurement of vibrationgenerated internally in railwaytunnels by the passage oftrainsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 10815:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementati
2、on of ISO 10815:2016.It supersedes BS ISO 10815:1996 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GME/21/3, Mechanical vibration, shock and conditionmonitoring - Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibrationand shock in stationary structures.A l
3、ist of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Li
4、mited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 93906 8ICS 17.160; 93.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationD
5、ate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO 10815:2016 ISO 2016Mechanical vibration Measurement of vibration generated internally in railway tunnels by the passage of trainsVibrations mcaniques Mesurage des vibrations produites lintrieur des tunnels ferroviaires par le passage des trainsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
6、ISO10815Second edition2016-09-15Reference numberISO 10815:2016(E)BS ISO 10815:2016ISO 10815:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized
7、otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright off
8、iceCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 10815:2016ISO 10815:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Factors affecting vibration . 14.1 Tunnel-re
9、lated factors 14.1.1 General 14.1.2 Tunnel types and conditions . 24.1.3 Natural frequencies and damping ratios. 24.1.4 Soil 24.2 Source-related factors . 25 Quantities to be measured . 26 Measurement methods 36.1 Positioning the transducers with respect to passage of trains 36.2 Fastening the trans
10、ducers . 46.3 Signal-to-noise ratio . 47 Measuring instruments . 58 Measurement for internal sources 58.1 Conditions of the track . 58.2 Conditions of the train 59 Types of test . 69.1 General . 69.2 Full tests 69.3 Limited tests 610 Evaluation of measurements . 711 Test report . 7Annex A (informati
11、ve) Tunnel vibration resulting from the passage of trains 9Annex B (informative) Examples of railway tunnels .10Bibliography .20 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 10815:2016ISO 10815:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation o
12、f national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. In
13、ternational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those i
14、ntended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see
15、www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the documen
16、t will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and exp
17、ressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 108, Mechanical
18、vibration, shock and condition monitoring, Subcommittee SC 2, Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibration and shock as applied to machines, vehicles and structures.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10815:1996), of which it constitutes a minor revision with the fo
19、llowing changes: normative references have been updated; subclause numbering has been updated; bibliography has been updated.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 10815:2016ISO 10815:2016(E)IntroductionRailway tunnels are regularly exposed to vibration originating from internal sources (trains and s
20、ervice carriages. maintenance work, etc.).In this document, only vibration resulting from the passage of trains is considered.Vibration is measured in tunnels for different purposes, which are summarized as follows.When a tunnel is reported to be exposed to vibration which might cause concern regard
21、ing its integrity, suitable measurements (see 9.2) should be taken to assess whether the levels are acceptable.Measurements of vibration might be carried out in the following cases: when the maximum allowable vibration level has been established and a regular check is required (see 9.3); when the dy
22、namic performance of a newly built tunnel has been predicted and performance has to be checked against design data (see 9.2); a special situation may arise when the tunnel has been exposed to abnormal external action (e.g. due to fires, earthquakes, blasting, pile drivers or demolition of nearby bui
23、ldings) and the integrity of the structure has to be checked (see 9.2); when any modification to the track and/or internal vibration sources (e.g. load on vehicle axles) has been made. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS ISO 10815:2016BS ISO 10815:2016Mechanical vibration Measurement of vibration gener
24、ated internally in railway tunnels by the passage of trains1 ScopeThis document establishes the basic principles for measuring, processing and evaluating vibration generated internally in railway tunnels by the passage of trains.By establishing a standard procedure, comparative data may be obtained
25、on response of the tunnel elements from time to time, provided that the excitation source is the same. Data obtained in different tunnels may also be compared.The measurements considered in this document concern the response of the structure and secondary elements mounted in the tunnel. They do not
26、concern the response of persons in the tunnel or in its vicinity, or of passengers on trains running through the tunnel.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated refer
27、ences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1683, Acoustics Preferred reference values for acoustical and vibratory levelsISO 5348, Mechanical vibration and shock Mechanical mounting of accelerome
28、ters3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: availa
29、ble at http:/www.iso.org/obp3.1tunnelunderground structure in which passenger trains, freight trains or service trains travel3.2background noisesum of all the signals except the one under investigation4 Factors affecting vibration4.1 Tunnel-related factors4.1.1 GeneralThe dynamic characteristics of
30、a tunnel depend largely on its geometry, secondary elements, depth of the tunnel and soil properties.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10815:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 10815:2016ISO 10815:2016(E)A lined tunnel is usually a system of discrete elements (concrete, ventilation channels, etc.)
31、 each coupled with the soil. They may have different response characteristics and coupling with the surrounding soil and/or rock.4.1.2 Tunnel types and conditionsThere are many kinds of tunnels, all of which respond to vibration in a different way. Examples are given in Annex B.4.1.3 Natural frequen
32、cies and damping ratiosFor this document, the frequencies of interest are likely to relate to the response of the tunnel elements and not to a fundamental frequency of the tunnel cavity in the surrounding medium. The natural frequencies of these elements can be determined as follows: measurement of
33、the response of the tunnel elements when they are affected by a large, transient external influence such as, for instance, pile driving or blasting; the use of a shaker as a mono-frequency source together with measurement of the response amplitude; measurement of the response using ambient excitatio
34、n and spectrum analysis.Accurate determination of damping is a difficult task, especially for tunnels containing both lightly damped elements, such as beams, and elements which are in firm contact with the tunnel surfaces and therefore are highly damped due to wave radiation.4.1.4 SoilThe soil surro
35、unding the tunnel has an important effect on the stiffness of the tunnel and on the tunnel response to vibration, and as such is therefore of main concern when making predictions about response. Its characteristics depend on soil particle size, compaction, saturation, underground water level and bed
36、ding, and upon amplitude, frequency and duration of the excitation.4.2 Source-related factorsThe vibration produced by the passage of trains may be classified according to the signal type, the duration and the frequency range (see ISO 4866).The signal depends on the mechanical properties of the trai
37、n, the track, the wheel-rail contact and on the loading and speed of the train.The frequency range to be analysed depends on the spectral distribution of the excitation forces and the transfer function from the source to the tunnel walls or linings.The frequency range from 1 Hz to 100 Hz covers the
38、responses of different elements of the tunnel. On the rail, the frequency range of interest is usually up to 2 kHz, although higher frequencies are often present.5 Quantities to be measuredIn the frequency range of interest for tunnel vibration, usually a kinematic value such as velocity or accelera
39、tion is measured.In the lower frequency range, velocity measurement is preferred although in the higher frequency range, instrumental factors dictate that acceleration be measured.2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS ISO 10815:2016ISO 10815:2016(E)6 Measurement methods6.1 Positioning the transducers wit
40、h respect to passage of trainsIdeally, a straight stretch of the tunnel, at least 200 m long, should be available for the readings. The transducers should be placed away from any visible singular features (major cracks, water seepages, switch points and crossings), unless the effect of such a featur
41、e is to be investigated. To investigate the tunnel response, the transducers should preferably be oriented in line with the three principal axes of the tunnel (one vertical, two horizontal; see Figure 1).Dimensions in metresType of test Measurement pointsFull (see 9.2)Limited (see 9.3)a, b, c, d, eb
42、, d, eFigure 1 Measurement points at a cross-section, depending on the type of testIn the following assignment of measurement points, it is assumed that the train is running over the left track (see Figure 1).For full and limited tests (see 9.2 and 9.3), the transducers should be arranged as follows
43、: on the invert at the cross-section vertical centre line (point d of Figure 1), between two sleepers in the case of tracks laid on ballast, or between two successive fasteners or rail spikes for other types of track; on the vault (point e of Figure 1), directly above point d; on the tunnel wall clo
44、se to the track where the train will run, 1,20 m above the level of the rails (point b of Figure 1).In order to investigate the relationship between trains as excitation sources and vibration transmitted to the tunnel, measurements should be made on the foot of the rail perpendicular to the plane of
45、 the rails (point a of Figure 1).Position a is prone to local effects and its typicality and stability should be established before its selection as a control point for a limited test.Allowance should be made for the slope shaping the foot of the rail (see Figure 2).If the invert is not accessible,
46、the transducer should be placed at the nearest suitable point and any element between the transducer and the invert should be indicated. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 10815:2016ISO 10815:2016(E)For full tests (see 9.2), readings shall also be taken at other two sections away from the middle s
47、ection (typically 20 m) in order to minimize local influences. However, when the signal issuing from two corresponding points on two sections placed 20 m away from each other are equal, measurements may be taken at one section only.If, however, such readings differ systematically by more than 25 % (
48、2 dB), they should be discarded and a third section considered.When the readings taken at all three sections are in disagreement, the local conditions should be examined and another measurement section selected.6.2 Fastening the transducersFor mounting the transducers, the principles laid down in IS
49、O 5348 shall be followed, so as to reproduce the motion of the vibrating elements, minimizing the response due to the mounting system.The mounting, therefore shall be rigid and as light as possible.When fixing transducers to the foot of a rail, a shaped steel plate should be rigidly fixed between the transducer and the rail (e.g. welded to the rail); otherwise, the transducers cannot be mounted perpendicular to the foot of the rail (see Figure 2).12Key1 transducer2 shaped steel plateFigure 2 Measurement point at the foot of
