1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15401:2000 ICS 47.
2、020.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Ships and marine technology Bulk carriers Construction quality of hull structureThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the
3、Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 March 2000 BSI 03-2000 ISBN 0 580 34351 0 BS ISO 15401:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 15401:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK part
4、icipation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee SME/32, Ships and marine technology - Steering Committee, to Subcommittee SME/32/8, Ships and marine technology - Structures, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible internatio
5、nal/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its s
6、ecretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Stand
7、ards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pag
8、es This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to vi, pages 1 to 34, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Referencenumber ISO15401:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL ST
9、ANDARD ISO 15401 Firstedition 2000-02-15 ShipsandmarinetechnologyBulk carriersConstructionqualityofhull structure Navires et technologie maritime Vraquiers Qualit de construction de la structure de la coqueISO15401:2000(E) ii ISO15401:2000(E)iii Contents Page Forewordv Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Norm
10、ativereferences1 3 Termsanddefinitions.1 4 Qualitycontrolthroughconstruction2 4.1 Steelmaterial2 4.2 Steelprocessing2 4.3 Fittingandassembly.3 4.4 Welding.4 4.5 Tightnesstest.5 4.6 Coating6 5 Hullconstructionaccuracy.7 5.1 Steelmaterial7 5.2 Marking.9 5.3 Cutting10 5.4 Bending.12 5.5 Fittingandassem
11、bly.15 5.6 Welding.21 5.7 Flatnessandfinishing.23 5.8 Principaldimensionsanddeformation.28 5.9 Draughtandfreeboard29 5.10 Coating30 6 Hullconstructionreports33 7 Documentationonboard34 Table1Surfacedefectsofsteelplates7 Table2Laminationofsteelplate8 Table3Minustoleranceinthicknessforplatesofhullstru
12、cture.8 Table4Surfacedefectsofcastingsteel8 Table5Positiondeviationofmarking.9 Table6Deviationofmarkingdimensionsofpartsandmembers9 Table7Deviationofmarkingdimensionofblockstructure.9 Table8Surfaceroughnessofgascutting10 Table9Notchesofgascutting.10 Table10Deviationofgascuttingdimension11 Table11Dev
13、iationofshearingdimension11 Table12Deviationofplanedandmillededges12 Table13Deviationofflanging12 Table14Deviationofcorrugatedplate12 Table15Deviationofchannelledplate13ISO15401:2000(E) iv Table16Bendingdeviationofsectionsandbuilt-upprofiles.13 Table17Bendingdeviationofshellplates14 Table18Heating.1
14、4 Table19Positiondeviationoffillet-weldingjoints.15 Table20Deviationoflap-weldingjoints15 Table21Deviationofbuttweldingjoints16 Table22Distancebetweenwelds17 Table23Accuracyofinstallationdimensionsforflatandcurvedsub-assemblies.18 Table24Accuracyofinstallationdimensionsofblockassemblies.19 Table25Ac
15、curacyofinstallationdimensionsofblockassembliesofsternframe20 Table26Accuracyofinstallationdimensionsofassembliesincludingmainenginefoundation20 Table27Assemblydeviationontheshipway/dock21 Table28Deviationofweldingbeaddimensions21 Table29Weldunder-cut22 Table30Deviationofdimensionsoffilletwelds22 Ta
16、ble31Shortbead,tack-weldingbeadandrepairingbead22 Table32Arc-strike.23 Table33Weldedjointdistortion.23 Table34Localflatness24 Table35Overallflatness.24 Table36Straightnessofinnerstiffeners.25 Table37Stagingsocketsandliftingeyepieces.25 Table38Temporarypieces.26 Table39Holesmadeerroneously27 Table40R
17、epairingbyinsertpiece.28 Table41Deviationofprincipaldimensions28 Table42Deformationofhullform29 Table43Deviationofdraught.29 Table44Deviationoffreeboard29 Table45Pretreatmentofsteelsurface30 Table46Applicationofshopprimer30 Table47Cleanlinessaftersecondderusting31 Table48Surfacecleaningbeforecoating
18、.32 Table49Qualityofcoating33 Table50Filmthicknessofcoating.33ISO15401:2000(E)v Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eac
19、hmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmat
20、tersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%oftheme
21、mberbodiescastingavote. AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisInternationalStandardmaybethesubjectof patentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO15401waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC8, Ships and marine technology,
22、 SubcommitteeSC8, Structures.ISO15401:2000(E) vi Introduction TheaimofthisInternationalStandardistoprovideguidelinesforgoodshipbuildingproductionconditions. Details,whereappropriate,giveninthisInternationalStandardweredevelopedwithreferencetoapplicable InternationalAssociationofClassificationSocieti
23、es(IACS)rulesandrequirements.INTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO15401:2000(E)1 ShipsandmarinetechnologyBulkcarriersConstruction qualityofhullstructure SAFETYPRECAUTIONSItistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisInternationalStandardtoestablish appropriatesafetyandhealthpractices,anddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulat
24、orylimitationspriorto use. 1 Scope ThisInternationalStandardspecifiesthequalityrequirementsforthehullconstructionofsteelbulkcarriers.Itdoes notapplytodouble-skinbulkcarriers. RequirementsforthemaintenanceandrepairofsteelbulkcarriersaregiveninISO15402. 2 Normativereferences Thefollowingnormativedocum
25、entscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsof thisInternationalStandard.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,anyofthese publicationsdonotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthisInternationalStandardareencouragedto investigatethepossibilityofapply
26、ingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.For undatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.MembersofISOandIEC maintainregistersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO8501-1:1988, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and rel
27、ated products Visual assessment of surface cleanliness Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings and its Informative Supplement of 1994, Representative photographic examples of the change of appearance i
28、mparted to steel when blast-cleaned with different abrasives. ISO8503-1:1988, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates Part 1: Specifications and definitions for ISO surface profile comparato
29、rs for the assessment of abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces. IMOA.798(19), Guidelines for the selection, application and maintenance of corrosion prevention systems of dedicated seawater ballast tank. ISO15402, Ships and marine technology Bulk carriers Repair quality of hull structure. 3 Termsanddefini
30、tions ForthepurposesofthisInternationalStandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply. 3.1 bulkcarrier shipwhichisgenerallyconstructedwithasingledeck,topsidetanksandhoppersidetanksincargospaces,andis intendedprimarilytocarrydrycargoinbulk 3.2 lengthL thedefinitionistakenfromtherulesofclassificationso
31、cietiesISO15401:2000(E) 2 4 Qualitycontrolthroughconstruction 4.1 Steelmaterial 4.1.1 Uponarrivalintheyard,allsteelmaterialsintendedforshipconstructionshallbecheckedagainstquality certificates.Avisualinspectionshallbecarriedouttoconfirmtheirquality. 4.1.2 Allsteelmaterialsshallbestoredaccordingtosiz
32、esandbrandandkeptflat. 4.1.3 Allsteelmaterialsshallbeissuedagainstmaterialallocationsheetsaccordingtotheconstructionplan. 4.1.4 Aqualityinspectionshallbecarriedoutonthesteelmaterialsbeforeprocessing. Specialattentionshallbepaidtothefollowingpointsofqualitycontrol: a) materialqualitydocumentation; b)
33、 size,brand,chargenumberandbatchnumber; c) minustoleranceinthicknessforplatesandsections; d) laminationandsurfacedefects; e) anydefectsinlargeforgingsandcastings. 4.2 Steelprocessing 4.2.1 Markingandcutting 4.2.1.1 Necessarypretreatmentssuchas:levelling,straightening,derustingandapplicationofshoppri
34、mer shallbecarriedoutontheplatesandsectionsbeforeputtingthemintoproduction. 4.2.1.2 Numericalcontrolcuttingandotherhighlyefficienthigh-precisioncuttingshallbeusedtothewidest possibleextenttoimprovecuttingaccuracy. 4.2.1.3 Informationrelatedtomaterialproperty,chargenumberandbatchnumbershallbefiledfor
35、important members. 4.2.1.4 Specialattentionshallbepaidtothefollowingpointsofqualitycontrol: a)sizedeviation; b)angulardeviation; c)markssuchasprocessingsymbols,codesandtechnologicalnumbers; d)cuttingaccuracy; e)dimensionsofconfiguration. 4.2.2 Forming 4.2.2.1 Hotorcoldbendingofsteelplatesandsections
36、shallbeperformedaccordingtotheapplicable technologyrequirementsfordifferentpropertiesandgradesofmaterials. 4.2.2.2 Specialattentionshallbepaidtothefollowingpointsofqualitycontrol: a)heatingtemperature; b)accuracyofbending.ISO15401:2000(E)3 4.3 Fittingandassembly 4.3.1 Fittingandassemblyofpartsandmem
37、bers 4.3.1.1 Theaccuracyrequirementsofblockassemblyshallbemetforthefittingandassemblyofpartsand members.Protectiveprimershallberepairedafterwelding. 4.3.1.2 Specialattentionshallbepaidtothefollowingpointsofqualitycontrol: a)geometricaldimensionsofpartsandmembers; b)installationlocations; c)excessive
38、gapbeforewelding; d)deformation. 4.3.2 Blockassembly 4.3.2.1 Blockassemblyshouldgenerallybecarriedoutonaplatformorjig. 4.3.2.2 Pre-outfittingofpartsandmembersshallbedoneaccordingtoapplicabledesigndrawings. 4.3.2.3 Theaccuracythatmeetstherequirementsgiveninthefollowingpagesforgeneralassemblyshallalso
39、 bemetforblockassembly. 4.3.2.4 Blockassembliesmaybecoatedafterinspection. 4.3.2.5 Specialattentionshallbepaidtothefollowingpointsofqualitycontrol: a)markingaccuracy; b)installationaccuracyofinternalstructurejointsinsidetheblock; c)accuracyofblockconfigurationanditsdimensionalsize; d)accuracyofblock
40、edges; e)correctnessofassemblingreferencelines; f) flatnessoffaceplateandlocationdeviationofmainenginebed; g)installationlocationsofkeycomponents,suchasshaftboss,rudderhorn,etc. 4.3.3 Erectiononshipway/dock 4.3.3.1 Markingontheshipway/dockshallbecarriedoutwithcorrespondingsymbolsandmarks. 4.3.3.2 Pl
41、acingthereferenceblockinposition,andthenproceedingwithsuccessiveblocksshallbedone accordingtotheshipway/dockassemblyschedule. 4.3.3.3 Duringtheconstructionprocess,alltemporaryopeningsinstrengthmembersandtheirclosing-upshall complywiththerequirementssetoutintheapplicableconstructiondrawingsand/orstan
42、dards. 4.3.3.4 Removingtemporaryweldingpiecesandliftingeyepiecesshallbedoneaccordingtousualpractice (refertoTable37). 4.3.3.5 Aftercompletingshipway/dockassembly,thehullshallbecoatedorthe(block)coatingrepaired accordingtospecifiedrequirementsbeforelaunching.ISO15401:2000(E) 4 4.3.3.6 Specialattentio
43、nshallbepaidtothefollowingpointsofqualitycontrol: a)accuracyofmarkingontheshipway/dock; b)correctnessoflocationofthereferenceblock; c)framespacingatblockjunctions; d)alignmentaccuracyofstructuralmembers; e)straightnessofbaseline; f) alignmentaccuracyofpropellershaftcentreline; g)markingaccuracyofloa
44、dlineanddraftmarks; h)principaldimensionsofthehull. 4.4 Welding 4.4.1 Preparationbeforewelding Weldingmaterials,preparationofweldjointsandassemblyaccuracyshallcomplywithclassificationsociety requirementssetoutinqualitycontroldocuments. Theweldingzoneshallbefreeofrust,scales,grease,moistureorotherdir
45、t. Theenvironmentalconditionoftheweldingareashallbekeptingoodorder. Tackweldingshallbecarriedoutaccordingtospecifiedtechnologicalprocedures. Wherevernewmaterialsornewweldingtechnologiesareadopted,testreportsandweldingproceduresshallbe submittedtotheclassificationsocietyforapproval. 4.4.2 Weldingproc
46、ess Allweldingshallbecarriedoutaccordingtothemethodsandconditionsasrequiredbytheweldingtechnology procedures.Propermeasuresforminimizingweldingdeformationshallbetaken. 4.4.3 Weldinginspection 4.4.3.1 Inspectionofweldingshallbecarriedoutthroughoutthewholeprocessofweldingincluding inspectionsbefore,du
47、ringandafterwelding,aswellastheinspectionoffinishedweldments. 4.4.3.2 Allweldsshallbevisuallyexaminedfirst. 4.4.3.3 Qualityinspectionofweldedseamsshallbecarriedoutaccordingtospecifiedrequirements.Either X-raydetection,ultrasonicdetectionorotherinspectionmethodsapprovedbytheclassificationsocietyshall
48、be adopted. 4.4.3.4 Legsizes(leglengthandthroatdepth)offilletweldsshallcomplywiththedesignplanandrelevant codesasapprovedbytheclassificationsociety. 4.4.3.5 Weldedjointsonthestrengthdeck,shellplateandinteriorstrengthmembersinthemid-lengthregion shallbeinspectedinaccordancewiththenon-destructiveinspe
49、ctionplanapprovedbytheclassificationsociety. 4.4.3.6 Weldsnotconformingtotherequirementsofqualitystandardsshallberectifiedandrepaired,andshall beinspectedagain.ISO15401:2000(E)5 4.4.4 Qualitycontrol Specialattentionshallbepaidtothefollowingpointsofqualitycontrol: a)qualificationofwelders; b)weldingmaterials; c)weldingcodes; d)groovesizesandseamclearance; e)cleannessofweldingregion; f) preheatingandheat-retaining; g)weldingdeformation; h)sizesofweldedseams; i) integrityofall-aroundwelds; j) surfaceandinnerdefect
