1、Ref. No. DIN 2192 : 2002-08English price group 09 Sales No. 010911.04DEUTSCHE NORM August 20022192Continued on pages 2 to 10. No part of this translation may be reproduced without the prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the
2、exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).Flat springsRequirements and testingTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original should be consulted as the authoritative text.ICS 21.160Flachfedern GteanforderungenIn keeping with current practice in stand
3、ards published by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker.ForewordThis standard has been prepared by the Normenausschuss Federn (Springs Standards Committee).ContentsPageForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Quant
5、ities, symbols and units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 Choice of material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 Manufacturing process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 Edge condition . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 Strip with burrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 Surface quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8、34.7 Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Quality factor and tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.1 Tolerance on strip thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 Linear tolerances for unbent springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 Angular tolerances for unbent springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 Linear tolerances for springs with bends . . . . . . . . . . . .
10、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 Angular tolerances for springs with bends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 Tolerances of position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.7 Burr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.8 Tolerance on spring load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.9 Controlling spring characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Testing . . . . . . . . . .
12、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.1 Dimensional checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.2 Loading tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13、 . . . . . . . 9Explanatory notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Other relevant standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Page 2DIN 2192 : 2002-08All tolerances are in millimetres.1 S
14、copeThis standard specifies quality requirements for flat springs made of alloyed or unalloyed carbon steel strip,stainless steel strip or copper alloy strip, with thicknesses from 0,04 mm to 2,5 mm and widths from 3 mm to100 mm.Figure 1: Flat spring diagram (notation)2 Normative referencesThis stan
15、dard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These norma-tive references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the titles of the publications are listed below.For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publicati
16、ons apply to thisstandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition ofthe publication referred to applies.DIN 17224 Stainless steel strip and wire for springs Technical delivery conditionsDIN EN 1654 Copper and copper alloys Strip for springs a
17、nd connectorsDIN EN 10132-1 Cold-rolled narrow steel strip for heat treatment Technical delivery conditions Part 1:GeneralDIN EN 10132-4 Cold-rolled narrow steel strip for heat treatment Technical delivery conditions Part 4:Spring steels and other applicationsDIN EN 10140 Cold-rolled narrow steel st
18、rip Dimensional and geometrical tolerancesDIN EN 10258 Cold-rolled stainless steel narrow strip and cut lengths Tolerances on dimensions andshapeISO 1101 : 1983 Technical drawings Geometrical tolerancing Tolerancing of form, orientation, locationand run-out Generalities, definitions, symbols and ind
19、ications on drawingsPage 3DIN 2192 : 2002-083 Quantities, symbols and unitsSymbol Unit Quantityah% Percentage deviation of spring load from nominal valueb mm Spring widthh mm Strip thicknessl mm Free length of spring (distance from restrained end to point of application of load)s1 to snmm Spring def
20、lections related to spring loads F1to FnABmm Tolerance on lengths/distances for bent springsABWDegrees Tolerance on angles of bent springsAF% Tolerance on spring loadABRmm Tolerance on radii of bent springsASTmm Tolerance on lengths/distances for cut or stamped springsASTWDegrees Tolerance on angles
21、 for cut or stamped springsF1to FnN Spring loads related to spring deflections s1to snQ Quality factorQB Correction factor for tolerances on bend radii and spring loadR mm Mean bending radiusR/h Bending ratioRmN/mm2Tensile strength4 Design4.1 Choice of materialThe type of spring material to be chose
22、n to suit the intended application is a major factor when specifyingmanufacturing tolerances.4.2 MaterialsFlat springs shall be made of cold rolled narrow steel strip as in DIN EN 10132-1 and DIN EN 10132-4, ofstainless steel strip and wire as specified in DIN 17224, of copper or copper alloy strip
23、as in DIN EN 1654, orof quenched and tempered or oil hardened steel strip.4.3 Manufacturing processDepending on shape, cross section and material properties, flat springs shall be manufactured in the hardquenched and tempered, cold rolled or annealed and skin passed conditions and then quenched and
24、temperedto obtain the required hardness. The manufacturing process used shall be at the manufacturers discretion.4.4 Edge condition4.4.1 Springs in rolled widthIn the case of springs subject to static loading, strip with slit edges may be used if the burr height does notexceed the values given in fi
25、gure 4.In the case of springs subject to dynamic loading, edges shall be deburred or the springs supplied with specialedges.4.4.2 Springs cut from stripFor springs subject to static loading, subsequent finishing of edges is not required if the burr height does notexceed the values given in figure 4.
26、The edges of springs subject to dynamic loading shall be free from any burrs.4.5 Strip with burrsWhere strip with burrs is to be used, the spring should be made with the burr on the inner face of the strip ifbent or facing away from the direction in which the load is applied.4.6 Surface qualityThe r
27、equirements for surface quality specified in the relevant material standards (cf. subclause 4.2) shall apply.For springs subject to dynamic loading, a special surface treatment may be necessary.Page 4DIN 2192 : 2002-084.7 Finish4.7.1 Springs made from steel stripSprings made from steel strip as spec
28、ified in DIN EN 10132-1 and DIN EN 10132-4 shall be oiled or lubricated,other types of finish for corrosion protection being the subject of agreement.NOTE: For springs that are electroplated, there is a risk of failure due to hydrogen embrittlement. Such springsrequire a special heat treatment immed
29、iately following electroplating.4.7.2 Springs made from stainless steel stripSince springs made from stainless steel strip as specified in DIN 17224 are adequately resistant againstcorrosion, they do not require any special surface treatment.4.7.3 Springs made from copper or copper alloy stripSpring
30、s made from copper or copper alloy strip as specified in DIN EN 1654 may be provided with an electro-plated coating.5 Quality factor and tolerancesFlat springs may be manufactured to conform to quality grade 1, 2 or 3, as specified in table 1. The grade shallbe selected as a function of operational
31、requirements.Table 1: Quality factorQuality grade Quality factor, Q1 0,82 1,03 1,5The quality grade required shall be indicated on drawings. Where no quality grade is specified, grade 2 shallapply.Quality grade 1 should only be specified if a particular application so requires. Only the dimensions a
32、ndparameters that are essential to functioning shall be given on drawings. If, for certain parameters, tolerancessmaller than those for grade 1 are required, these shall be agreed.Quality grade 2 covers the tolerances for all dimensions and parameters of spring designs as are typical ofautomated man
33、ufacture.Quality grade 3 covers tolerances for parameters that are not vital to the functioning of the spring and relatesto spring components that can be manufactured using auxiliary tools.5.1 Tolerance on strip thicknessSee DIN EN 1654, DIN EN 10140 and DIN EN 10258.NOTE: In order to enable closer
34、spring load tolerances to be obtained, closer tolerances on thickness (e.g.0,75 P or 0,5 P, as in figure 6) may be agreed upon.5.2 Linear tolerances for unbent springsTolerances on lengths, distances, hole diameters and radii of unbent cut or stamped springs shall be asspecified in table 2 and figur
35、e 2.Page 5DIN 2192 : 2002-08Tolerance ASTWfor nominal sizes (length of shorter leg)up to 10 over 10 up to 50 over 50 up to 100 over 100QualitygradeDegreesper100 mmlengthDegreesper100 mmlengthDegreesper100 mmlengthDegreesper100 mmlength1 1 30 2,6 1 1,8 45 1,3 30 0,92 2 3,5 1 30 2,6 1 1,8 45 1,33 3 5,
36、2 2 3,5 1 30 2,6 1 1,8Figure 2: Linear tolerances for stamped springs (notation)Table 2: Tolerance ASTas a function of nominal size and quality grade5.3 Angular tolerances for unbent springsAngular tolerances for unbent cut or stamped springs, ASTW, shall be as specified in table 3 and figure 2.Tabl
37、e 3: Tolerance ASTWas a function of nominal size and quality gradeNOTE: Grade 1 tolerances given in tables 1 and 2 shall not be used for spring materials exceeding 1 mm inthickness.5.4 Linear tolerances for springs with bendsTolerances on lengths and distances for springs with one or more bends, AB,
38、 shall be as specified in table 4 andfigure 3.Tolerance ASTfor nominal sizesQualitygradeup to 3over 3up to 6over 6up to 10over 10up to 20over 20up to 50over 50up to 120over 120up to 200over 200up to 2501 0,05 0,08 0,10 0,12 0,15 0,20 0,30 0,402 0,10 0,12 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,40 0,603 0,20 0,25 0,30
39、 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,75 1,00Page 6DIN 2192 : 2002-08Tolerance ABfor nominal sizesQualitygradeup to 3over 3up to 6over 6up to 10over 10up to 20over 20up to 50over 50up to 120over 120up to 200over 200up to 2501 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,802 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,80 1,003 0,20 0,30 0,
40、40 0,50 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,50Figure 3: Tolerances on lengths, distances, angles and radii of a bent component (notation)Table 4: Tolerance ABas a function of nominal size and quality gradeNOTE: If the length associated with ABoexceeds the dimension to be toleranced, AB*, the magnitude of toleranceABos
41、hall apply.5.5 Angular tolerances for springs with bendsAngular tolerances for springs with one or more bends, ABW, shall be as specified in table 5 and figure 3.Table 5: Tolerance ABWas a function of nominal size and quality gradeThe values given in tables 3 and 4 shall apply to springs which are n
42、ot subjected to any heat treatment (suchas quench hardening, tempering or precipitation hardening). For springs subjected to heat treatment, the valuesshall be multiplied by quality factor Q (i.e. AB QBor ABW QB).Tolerance ABWfor nominal sizes (length of shorter leg)up to 10 over 10 up to 50 over 50
43、 up to 100 over 100QualitygradeDegreesper100 mmlengthDegreesper100 mmlengthDegreesper100 mmlengthDegreesper100 mmlength1 2 13,50 1 30 2,60 1 1,80 1 1,802 3 15,20 2 30 4,40 2 3,50 1 30 2,603 6 10,50 5 8,75 4 7,00 3 5,20Page 7DIN 2192 : 2002-085.6 Tolerances of positionAny tolerances of position (cf.
44、ISO 1101) shall not exceed the limits given in tables 2 to 5.5.7 Burr5.7.1 For springs subject to static loading, burr resulting from cutting or stamping is permitted, with the burrheight not exceeding the values specified in figure 4.5.7.2 For springs subject to dynamic loading, burr is not permitt
45、ed.Details of the edge condition shall be specified on drawings or agreed upon.Maximum burr heightStrip thickness, hFigure 4: Maximum burr height as a function of strip thickness and tensile strength5.8 Tolerance on spring loadFor a given deflection, s, the tolerance on spring load, AF, is a functio
46、n of the tolerance on strip thickness, ofthe R/h ratio and of the required quality grade. AFis to be calculated from the following equation:AF= t(ah QB Q)where:ahis the maximum percentage deviation of the spring load from the nominal value, as a function of thetolerance on strip thickness (cf. figur
47、es 6 and 7);QBis a correction factor for tolerances on bend radii and spring load, as a function of the R/h ratio (cf. figure 5);Q is the quality factor specified in table 5.Page 8DIN 2192 : 2002-08Key to figure1 For springs made from copper or copper alloys as specified in DIN EN 1654 (except for g
48、rade CuBe),stainless steel strip as specified in DIN 17224 (except for grade X7CrNiAl17-7), or austempered steel stripannealed after bending.2 For springs made from cold rolled steel strip as specified in DIN EN 10132-1 and DIN EN 10132-4, quenchedand tempered after bending.3 For springs made from s
49、tainless steel of grade X7CrNiAl17-7 as specified in DIN 17224 or from grade CuBeor Cu Co Be as specified in DIN EN 1654, precipitation hardened after bending.NOTE: In the case of springs with more than one bend, the largest R/h ratio shall apply.Figure 5: QBas a function of R/hCorrection factor, QBR/h ratioKey to figureR Standard tolerance 0,7
