1、DEUTSCHE NORM Mav 1998 Specification and approval of procedures for laser surface treatment Part 1 : Laser surface treatment procedures using consumables DIN - 2311-1 ICs 25.220.20 Anforderungen und Anerkennung von Laserstrahloberflchenverfahren mit Zusatzwerkstoffen -Teil 1 : Anweisung zur Oberflch
2、enbearbeitung mit Laserstrahlung unter Verwendung von Zusatzwerkstoffen Contents Page Foreword 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Concepts and symbols . 2 4 Laser surface treatment specification 2 4.1 General . 2 4.2 Details concerning the manufacturer . 2 4.3 Details concerning base materials .
3、 2 4.4 Laser surface treatment 2 4.5 Details concerning the s 3 4.6 Consumable . 4 4.7 Heattreatment . 4 4.8 Laser . 4 4.9 Subsequent heat treatment 5 4.1 O Surface finishing 5 Appendix A Laser surface treatment specification 6 Foreword This standard has been prepared by the Normenausschuss Schweife
4、chnik (Welding Standards Committee). It is based on proposals made by a German government funded research project which aims to make the results of standardization available at the R this shall be recorded in the LSTS. The manufacturer shall specify thicknesses and tolerances. A sample specification
5、 is presented in Appendix A. 4.2 Details concerning the manufacturer 4.2.1 Manufacturers identity The manufacturer shall be clearly identified. 4.2.2 Identification of LSTS The LSTS shall be identified by means of a reference number. 4.2.3 Reference to an LSTAR or any other relevant documentation sh
6、all be made by means of a reference number. Reference to a laser surface treatment approval report (LSTAR) 4.3 Details concerning base materials 4.3.1 Material type The base material shall be identified, preferably by referring to an appropriate standard. An LSTS may cover a group of materials. The
7、as-delivered condition of the base material shall be specified. 4.3.2 Dimensions of component The relevant dimensions and tolerances of the component to be treated shall be given. 4.4 Laser surface treatment The information specified in subclauses 4.4.1 to 4.4.3 shall be provided. Page 3 DIN 231 1-1
8、 : 1998-05 4.4.1 Cladding 4.4.1.1 One-phase cladding The following information shall be provided: - the technique used to apply the consumable (e.g. in powder form, or as wire); - the maximum allowable degree of mixing with the base material following LST. 4.4.1.2 Two-phase cladding The following in
9、formation shall be provided: - the type and thickness of the initial layer, and tolerances; - method of application prior to LST (e.g. thermal spraying, electroplating, screenprinting, applying paste); - the maximum allowable degree of mixing with the base material following LST. 4.4.2 Alloying 4.4.
10、2.1 One-phase alloying The following information shall be provided: - the technique used to apply the consumable (e.g. in powder form, or as wire); - the alloying content following LST. 4.4.2.2 Two-phase alloying The following information shall be provided: - the type and thickness of the initial la
11、yer, and tolerances; - method of application prior to LST (e.g. thermal spraying, electroplating, screenprinting, applying paste); - the proportion of alloy following LST. 4.4.3 Dispersion 4.4.3.1 One-phase dispersion The following information shall be provided: - the technique used to apply the con
12、sumable (e.g. in powder form, or as wire); - the dispersion level following LST; - size of particles and mean particle size distribution, with tolerances, following LST. 4.4.3.2 Two-phase dispersion The following information shall be provided: - the type and thickness of the initial layer, and toler
13、ances; - application technique prior to LST (e.g. thermal spraying, electroplating, screenprinting, paste); - the dispersion level following LST; - size of particles and mean particle size distribution, with tolerances, following LST. 4.5 Details concerning the surface to be treated 4.5.1 Surface de
14、tails A drawing of the component to be surface treated shall be provided, giving details of its configuration, dimensions and tolerances and referring to the appropriate standards. If essential to the required surface properties, details of the surface treatment procedure shall be included in the dr
15、awing . The LST procedure shall be mentioned in the drawing. 4.5.2 Working positions Working positions shall be as in DIN EN IS0 6947. 4.5.3 Surface preparation The following information shall be provided: - the method of surface preparation (e.g. machining, blast-cleaning); - any other treatment pr
16、ior to LST (e.g. cleaning, degreasing, pickling). If required, the maximum allowable time between surface preparation and LST shall be specified. 4.5.4 Clamping device and fixing If required, the fixing method shall be given and clamping details provided. Page 4 DIN 231 1-1 : 1998-05 4.6 Consumable
17、4.6.1 Identification The type, supplier and trade name of the consumable used shall be given. The form supplied (e.g. powder particle size, width of strip electrode, diameter of wire) shall be specified. 4.6.2 Pre-treatment If a consumable requires pre-treatment, this shall be specified, referring t
18、o a standard where appropriate. 4.7 Heat treatment 4.7.1 Initial temperature If no preheating is necessary, the lowest allowable ambient temperature shall be specified. 4.7.2 Component temperature The maximum allowable temperature of the component during LST shall be specified. 4.7.3 Interlayer temp
19、erature The maximum temperature of interlayers shall be specified, if necessary. 4.7.4 Post-heating If post-heating is necessary, the temperature range and heating period shall be specified. 4.8 Laser 4.8.1 General The following information shall be provided: - type, model and manufacturer of the la
20、ser; - nominal power (cf. DIN EN IS0 11554); - whether the beam is continuous or pulsed; - if applicable, the number of combined lasers. Parameters shall be established for the following: - beam mode; - beam divergence (cf. DIN EN IS0 11 145 for definition of divergence angle, and DIN EN IS0 11 146
21、for measurement methods); - wavelength; - beam polarization (cf. DIN EN IS0 11 145 for definition of polarization, and DIN EN IS0 12005 for measurement methods). 4.8.2 Beam focussing The following information shall be provided: - the distance between the laser and the focussing system (if variable);
22、 - the means of transmission (e.g. fibres, mirrors, beam convergence, if used); - the dimensions of the beam on entering the focussing system. 4.8.3 Focussing system The following information shall be provided: - the type of focussing system (e.g. lens or mirror), illustrated by means of a drawing;
23、- the focal length; - the nominal dimension of the focal point. NOTE 1 : Some systems employ multiple lenses or mirrors. 4.8.4 Gas system Gas systems shall be designated in accordance with DIN EN 439, and the following information shall be provided: - the type of system, if required; - the name of t
24、he supplier; - the trade name; - the gas flow rate; - the maximum impurities content of the gas prior to LST; Page 5 DIN 231 1-1 : 1998-05 A drawing shall illustrate the positioning of the gas system at the surface, relative to the direction of travel (forehand or backhand) and to the region of inte
25、raction. Information on gas nozzles may be provided by means of: - the geometry of the nozzle mouth; - the angle relative to the surface of the component; - the angle relative to the surface in the direction of travel (at right angles to the surface of the component); - distance from the surface; -
26、position relative to the laser beam. 4.8.5 Consumable supply system The description of the consumable supply system shall include a drawing (see subclause 4.5) showing the wire guidance device or powder feed nozzle, their positioning at the surface, relationship to the direction of travel and to the
27、 region of interaction. The type of consumable to be applied (powder, wire), the powder conveying gas, and the feed rates for powder or wire shall be specified. The following information on nozzles may be provided: - geometry of the nozzle mouth; - the angle relative to the surface of the component;
28、 - the angle relative to the surface in the direction of travel (at right angles to the surface of the component); - distance from the surface; - position relative to the laser beam. 4.8.6 Parameters in laser surface treatment The following factors influence the beam power and the measuring procedur
29、e. - the peak strength, frequency of recurrence, length and type of pulse; - the speed of travel during LST; - travel across the surface progress during LST shall be specified as being by movement of the beam or of the component; - details of the linear increase in speed; - details of the linear inc
30、rease in power (including fade-out procedure, if used); - details of the laser beam form; - scanner data, amplitude, frequency and dwell time; - distance of focussing system to the surface (working distance); - focussing position relative to the surface (above or below; tolerances); - laser beam dim
31、ensions at the component surface; - laser beam orientation, polarization and position in relationship to the surface and direction of travel. - its angle in relationship to the component surface; - its angle in relationship to the surface in the direction of travel (right angles to the component sur
32、face); - its position in cross-direction (if relevant). In particular applications, the relationship between the speed of travel and the beam power is to be kept within a specific range. These parameters shall be specified accordingly. 4.9 Subsequent heat treatment Separate specification of any subs
33、equent heat treatment or ageing shall include details of the entire thermal cycle. 4.10 Surface finishing The surface shall be finished by grinding, milling or some other mechanical method, by pickling or some other chemical treatment. The laser beam may be specified by: Page 6 DIN 231 1-1 : 1998-05
34、 Details of working at edges Appendix A Laser surface treatment specification Manufacturer Location: Reference number: Laser surface treatment approval report (LSTAR): Details concerning surface treatment): Manufacturer: Person responsible for information: Base material Designation: As delivered con
35、dition: Relevant dimensions: Rate of consumable supply Working Beam Layer Laser power distance dimensions Laser surface treatment (LST) Procedure: One-phase consumable supply: Two-phase cladding: Degree of mixing, alloying content, degree of dispersion: Speed of Any misalign- travel ment (Yes/No) De
36、tails concerning surface treatment Working position (orientation of laser beam, polarization): Surface preparation: Clamping device and fixing: Consumable Trade name, supplier: Identification of the consumable: Heat treatment Preheating temperature: Maximum working temperature: Laser equipment Manuf
37、acturer, model: Wavelength, beam type, polarization: Beam diameter at focussing system: Focussing system: Shielding gas Designation, gas type and flow rate: Nozzle geometry: Nozzle angle: Nozzle position and distance: Consumable supply system Powder or wire: Nozzle geometry: Nozzle angle: Nozzle pos
38、ition and distance: Type and amount of gas: Pulse parameter”: Scanner dataz): Post- heating: Finishing the surface: Remarks, additional information3): Manufacturer: Name, date, signature: 1) To be supplemented by additional drawings, if necessary. 2) If required. 3) Additional information may be provided on additional pages.
