1、May 2015 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 19No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13
2、.030.01!%Bj8“2317121www.din.deDDIN EN 14997Characterization of waste Leaching behaviour test Influence of pH on leaching with continuous pH control;English version EN 14997:2015,English translation of DIN EN 14997:2015-05Charakterisierung von Abfllen Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens Einfluss des
3、pH-Wertes auf die Elution bei kontinuierlicher pH-Wert-Kontrolle;Englische Fassung EN 14997:2015,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 14997:2015-05Caractrisation des dchets Essais de comportement la lixiviation Influence du pH sur la lixiviation avec contrle continu du pH;Version anglaise EN 14997:2015,T
4、raduction anglaise de DIN EN 14997:2015-05SupersedesDIN CEN/TS 14997:2007-02www.beuth.deDocument comprises 53 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.04.15DIN EN 14997:2015-05 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 1
5、4997:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the DIN-Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (DIN Standards Committee Water Practice), Working Committee NA 119-01-02-05 UA E
6、lutionsverfahren of NA 119-01-02 AA Abfall- und Bodenuntersuchung. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows, whereby EN ISO Standards are only listed below if these have not been published as DIN EN ISO Standards with the same number:
7、 EN ISO 3696 DIN ISO 3696 ISO 5725-2:1994 DIN ISO 5725-2:2002-12 Amendments This standard differs from DIN CEN/TS 14997:2007-02 as follows: a) performance characteristics are now given in Clause 12; b) Annex E “Repeatability and reproducibility data” has been added; c) the standard has been editoria
8、lly revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 14997: 2007-02 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods DIN ISO 5725-2:2002-12, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for
9、 the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14997 March 2015 ICS 13.030.01 Supersedes CEN/TS 14997:2006English Version Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour test - Influence of pH on leaching w
10、ith continuous pH control Caractrisation des dchets - Essais de comportement la lixiviation - Influence du pH sur la lixiviation avec contrle continu du pH Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens - Einfluss des pH-Wertes auf die Elution bei kontinuierlicher pH-Wert-Kontro
11、lle This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 December 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographica
12、l references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility o
13、f a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Ma
14、cedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION E
15、UROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14997:2015 EEN 14997:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 7
16、2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Symbols and abbreviations 8 5 Principle 9 6 Reagents .9 7 Equipment . 10 7.1 General . 10 7.2 Laboratory equipment 10 8 Sample preparation 11 8.1 Laboratory sample 11 8.2 Preparation of the test sample 11 8.3 Determination of dry residue . 11 8.4
17、 Preparation of the test portion 12 9 Procedure 12 9.1 Contact time 12 9.2 pH range 12 9.3 Leaching test . 12 9.3.1 General . 12 9.3.2 Preparation of leachant 13 9.3.3 Leaching procedure . 15 9.4 Natural pH 16 10 Eluate treatment, storage and analysis 16 11 Blank test . 16 12 Performance characteris
18、tics . 17 13 Test report . 17 Annex A (informative) Example of a data sheet 19 Annex B (informative) Operation and uses of the test Influence of pH on the leaching behaviour . 20 B.1 Clarification of the two modes of operation of the test: influence of pH on the leaching behaviour . 20 B.2 Expressio
19、n of results . 22 B.3 Scope and limits of the application field of the test 22 B.3.1 Remarks on the use of pH dependence test results to assess the effects of ageing . 22 B.3.2 Examples of test result use and considerations on scope 23 B.4 Example: Identification of the sensitivity of leaching to pH
20、 over the environmentally relevant pH range 24 Annex C (informative) Preliminary determination of the acid/base consumption 25 C.1 General . 25 C.2 Titration procedure to estimate the ANC and the BNC . 25 DIN EN 14997:2015-05 EN 14997:2015 (E) 3 C.2.1 Reagents and laboratory devices 25 C.2.2 Test po
21、rtion 25 C.2.3 Procedure . 25 C.2.4 Expression of results 26 C.3 Arbitrary division of the maximum acid/base consumption for the extreme pH values . 27 C.3.1 General . 27 C.3.2 Reagents and laboratory devices 27 C.3.3 Test portion 27 C.3.4 Procedure . 27 C.3.5 Expression of results 28 Annex D (infor
22、mative) Examples of acid and base neutralization capacities for waste, soil, sediment and construction materials 29 D.1 Examples of acid and base neutralization capacities . 29 D.2 Use of acid and base neutralization capacity data 31 Annex E (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data 32 E.
23、1 Materials used in the interlaboratory comparison study 32 E.2 Interlaboratory comparison results . 32 Bibliography 50 DIN EN 14997:2015-05 EN 14997:2015 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14997:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of
24、which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2015. Attention is drawn to t
25、he possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 14997:2006. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by t
26、he European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. The following significant technical changes have been implemented in this new edition of the text: the status of the document has been changed from a CEN/TS into an European Standard; performance data has been added (see Annex E). Accor
27、ding to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
28、 Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 14997:2015-05 EN 14997:2015 (E) 5 Introduction This document has been developed prima
29、rily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour testing within EU and EFTA countries. This document specifies a test method for the determination of the influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic constituents from waste materials. For the complete characterization of the leaching behav
30、iour of waste under specified conditions the application of other test methods is required (see EN 12920). Anyone dealing with waste and sludge analysis should be aware of the typical risks of that kind of material irrespective of the parameter to be determined. Waste and sludge samples can contain
31、hazardous (e.g. toxic, reactive, flammable, infectious) substances, which can be liable to biological and/or chemical reaction. Consequently these samples should be handled with special care. Gases which can be produced by microbiological or chemical activity are potentially flammable and will press
32、urize sealed bottles. Bursting bottles are likely to result in hazardous shrapnel, dust and/or aerosol. National regulations will be followed with respect to all hazards associated with this method. In the different European countries, tests have been developed to characterize and assess the constit
33、uents which can be leached from waste materials. The release of soluble constituents upon contact with water is regarded as one of the main mechanism of release which results in a potential risk to the environment during life-cycle of waste materials (disposal or re-use scenario). The intent of thes
34、e tests is to identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The complexity of the leaching process makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviour can be addressed in one single standard. Procedures to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can ge
35、nerally be divided into three steps, using different tests in relation to the objective. The following test hierarchy is taken from the Landfill Directive 1)and the Decision on Annex II of this Directive 2)for disposal of waste. a) Basic characterization constitutes a full characterization of the wa
36、ste by gathering all the necessary information for a safe management of the waste in the short and long term. Basic characterization may provide information on the waste (type and origin, composition, consistency, leachability, etc.), information for understanding the behaviour of waste in the consi
37、dered management scenario, comparison of waste properties against limit values, and detection of key variables (critical parameters as liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity and physical parameters) for compl
38、iance testing and options for simplification of compliance testing. Characterization may deliver ratios between test results from basic characterization and results from simplified test procedures as well as information on a suitable frequency for compliance testing. In addition to the leaching beha
39、viour, the composition of the waste should be known or determined by testing. The tests used for basic characterization should always include those to be used for compliance testing. b) Compliance testing is used to demonstrate that the sample of today fits the population of samples tested before by
40、 basic characterization and through that, is used to carry out compliance with regulatory limit values. The compliance test should therefore always be part of the basic characterization program. The compliance test focuses on key variables and leaching behaviour identified by basic characterization
41、tests. Parts of basic characterization tests can also be used for compliance purposes. 1) Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste. 2) Council Decision 2003/33/EC of 19 December 2002. DIN EN 14997:2015-05 EN 14997:2015 (E) 6 c) On-site verification tests are used as a r
42、apid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that which has been subjected to characterization or compliance tests. On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests. The test procedure described in this document is a basic characterization test and falls in category a). According
43、 to EN 12920 the evaluation of the release of constituents from waste materials in a certain scenario involves the performance of various tests. The test described in this European Standard is carried out by continuous automated adjustment of pH. Size reduction is performed to facilitate approaching
44、 of equilibrium. This test is different from the “Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition“ (see EN 14429) in which the pH is controlled by addition of pre-determined amounts of acid or base to reach desired end pH values. The test is aiming at approaching equilibrium at the end o
45、f the procedure. NOTE In Annex B specific uses of both the pH dependence test with initial acid/ base addition and the pH dependence test with continuous pH control are indicated. DIN EN 14997:2015-05 EN 14997:2015 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the
46、influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic constituents from a waste material. Approaching equilibrium as defined in this European Standard is established by continuous adjustment of the pH by addition of acid or base to reach desired pH values. This test method produces eluates, which are sub
47、sequently characterized physically and chemically. This European Standard is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions. 2 Normative ref
48、erences The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
49、 EN 14346:2006, Characterization of waste Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue or water content EN 14899, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan EN 15002, Characterization of waste Preparation of test portions from the laboratory sample EN 16192, Characterization of waste Analysis of eluates EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696) EN ISO 5667-3, Water quality Sampling Part 3: Preserva
