1、 Reference numberECMA-398:2011Ecma International 2011ECMA-398 1stEdition / June 2011 Close Proximity Electric Induction Wireless Communications COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Ecma International 2011 Ecma International 2011 iContents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references 1 4 Terms and
2、 definitions . 1 5 Abbreviations and acronyms . 2 6 Overview . 3 6.1 Introduction 3 7 Transmit signal 4 7.1 Modulation scheme parameters 4 7.2 Transmitter functional block diagram . 4 7.2.1 Supported Rate Settings and rate dependent parameters 5 7.2.2 Reed-Solomon encoder 6 7.2.3 Convolutional encod
3、er 7 7.2.4 ECS . 8 7.2.5 Spreader . 9 7.2.6 Sync sequence 10 7.2.7 Scrambler . 10 7.2.8 Scrambling sequence generator 11 7.2.9 Pi/2 shift BPSK mapper . 12 7.2.10 Mathematical framework of the Up Converter and the Baseband Waveform Generator . 13 7.2.11 Baseband waveform 13 7.3 Frame format 15 7.3.1
4、PPDU format 15 7.3.2 PHY Header format 16 7.4 Transmitter . 18 7.4.1 Measurement points 18 7.4.2 Transmit frequency . 18 7.4.3 Transmit clock rate requirement 18 7.4.4 Transmit Constellation Error (EVM) 18 8 Receiver 18 8.1 Measurement point 18 8.2 Reference sensitivity . 18 8.3 Blocking . 18 9 Elec
5、tric Induction Field . 19 10 CNL service definition . 20 10.1 Overview of CNL services 20 10.1.1 Connection control service 20 10.1.2 Data service . 20 10.1.3 Security service . 20 10.2 CNL service access point . 20 10.2.1 Initialize 23 10.2.2 Close . 23 10.2.3 Connect and accept 23 10.2.4 Connectio
6、n release . 25 10.2.5 Power save . 26 10.2.6 Data transfer 27 10.3 CPDU formats 28 ii Ecma International 201110.3.1 Conventions .28 10.3.2 Acknowledgement (ACK) CPDU .29 10.3.3 CNL data CPDUs 33 10.3.4 Management CPDUs (Link control message) .35 10.4 CNL function description 43 10.4.1 Segmenting/Rea
7、ssembling .43 10.4.2 Medium state sensing .44 10.4.3 CNL-Level acknowledgements .44 10.4.4 Interframe space (IFS) .49 10.4.5 Access procedure 50 10.4.6 Multirate support 52 10.4.7 UID filter 52 10.5 CNL state 52 10.5.1 Close state 53 10.5.2 Search state 53 10.5.3 Connection request state 54 10.5.4 A
8、ccept waiting state 54 10.5.5 Response waiting state .54 10.5.6 Responder response state 55 10.5.7 Initiator connected state .55 10.5.8 Responder connected state 55 10.5.9 Sub-states within the Initiator connected state or Responder connected state .56 10.6 Numerical parameters .58 Annex A (normativ
9、e) UID Specification 61 A.1 UID Composition 61 A.1.1 Specifier ID .61 A.1.2 Reserved .61 A.1.3 Extension Identifier .61 Annex B (informative) Coupler .63 Annex C (informative) Coupler measurement 65 Annex D (informative) Reference Coupler 67 Annex E (informative) Sample Data Sequences .69 E.1 Reed-S
10、olomon Encoder 69 E.2 Convolutional Encoder .69 E.3 PHY Header HCS 71 E.4 Common CNL Header HCS .71 E.5 Sub CNL Header HCS 71 E.6 Scrambling sequence generator 71 Annex F (informative) CNL frame exchange sequences .75 F.1 CNL frame exchange sequences .75 F.1.1 Connection setup procedure 75 F.1.2 CSD
11、U exchange procedure 75 F.1.3 Connection sleep procedure 76 F.1.4 Connection wakeup procedure 77 F.1.5 Connection confirmation procedure 78 F.1.6 Connection release procedure .78 Annex G (informative) CNL service operation 81 G.1 Initialize operation .81 G.2 Close operation 81 G.3 Connect request .8
12、2 G.3.1 Connect request operation .82 G.3.2 Accept receive operation 82 G.3.3 Accept response operation 83 G.3.4 Connect release operation 83 G.3.5 Accept release operation 83 G.4 Connect accept 84 Ecma International 2011 iiiG.4.1 Request receive operation . 84 G.4.2 Accept request operation . 84 G.
13、4.3 Accept acknowledge operation . 85 G.4.4 Accept release operation 85 G.4.5 Connect release operation . 86 G.4.6 Request crossover operation . 86 G.4.7 Accept request operation . 87 G.4.8 Accept release operation 87 G.5 Release . 88 G.5.1 Release request receive operation 88 G.5.2 Release receive
14、operation 88 G.6 Transfer data 89 G.6.1 Data send operation 89 G.6.2 Data receive operation 90 G.6.3 Resend timeout operation 91 G.6.4 Target wake operation 92 G.7 Power save . 93 G.7.1 Power save request operation . 93 G.7.2 Sleep receive operation 94 G.8 Wakeup . 95 G.8.1 Wakeup request operation
15、. 95 G.8.2 Wakeup acknowledge operation 95 G.8.3 Wakeup receive operation 96 G.8.4 Data send request operation 96 G.8.5 Wakeup data send operation . 96 G.8.6 Wakeup timeout operation . 97 G.9 Probe . 97 G.9.1 Probe send operation 98 G.10 Probe ACK receive operation . 98 G.10.1 Probe receive operatio
16、n 98 G.10.2 Probe timeout operation . 99 iv Ecma International 2011 Ecma International 2011 vIntroduction Todays typical consumer uses digital files to store multimedia content such as music, photos, and videos. But these files are quickly becoming larger in number and size. A continual demand for h
17、igher quality results in larger file sizes. And proliferation of smaller, portable devices makes it easier to generate more content in less time. But the desire to store, share, and enjoy that content remains strong. And this usually requires transferring the content from one device to another. For
18、example, storing might involve transferring the content from a video camera to an external disk drive. Sharing photos might involve transferring the contents from one mobile phone to another mobile phone. And enjoying content might involve streaming content from a video camera to a TV using a specia
19、l video cable. But with todays available technology, these activities present difficulties to the average consumer. The transfer process may take a long time due to the large file sizes. Or it may involve special cables or complex setup. Therefore, a need exists to make it faster and simpler to tran
20、sfer large multimedia files. This Standard specifies a technology that addresses this need by using close proximity electric induction to transfer large files quickly and easily. This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the General Assembly of June 2011. vi Ecma International 2011“DISCLAIMER This docu
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25、HANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.“ Ecma International 2011 1Close Proximity Electric Induction Wireless Communications 1 Scope This Standard specifies a connection layer (CNL) and a physical layer (PHY) for transferring data between two close proximity entities using electric inductio
26、n coupling. 2 Conformance Implementations conforming to this Standard implement both the CNL and the PHY. All Conforming implementations support a centre frequency of 4,48 GHz and all rate settings specified in Table 2. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for
27、the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994, Information technology Open System Interconnection Basic Reference Model: The Basic M
28、odel ITU-T Z.120, Series Z: Languages and General Software Aspects for Telecommunication Systems, Formal description techniques (FDT) Message Sequence Chart (MSC) 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 chip shortest duration digital
29、unit that is transmitted and used to spread the spectrum 4.2 chip rate rate at which chips are transmitted 4.3 coupler antenna used to transmit and receive an electric induction field 4.4 electric induction field electric field with strength inversely proportional to the distance squared 4.5 initiat
30、or sender of a connection request 2 Ecma International 20114.6 PHY rate chip rate / spreading factor 4.7 responder receiver of a connection request 4.8 spreading factor number of duplications 4.9 symbol modulation pulse in a single I or Q channel as expressed as a baseband waveform 4.10 symbol rate
31、rate at which symbols are transmitted in each I or Q channel 4.11 target peer entity 4.12 unique ID code uniquely identifying each implemented unit 5 Abbreviations and acronyms ACK Acknowledgement BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying CCF Convolutional Coding Factor CNL CoNnection Layer CPCI CNL Protocol C
32、ontrol Information CPDU Connection layer Protocol Data Unit CSDU Connection layer Service Data Unit C-Acc “Connection Accept” message management frame C-Probe “Connection Probe” message management frame C-Req “Connection Request” message management frame C-Rls “Connection Release” message management
33、 frame C-Sleep “Connection Sleep” message management frame C-Wake “Connection Wakeup” message management frame ECS Error Check Sequence EVM Error Vector Magnitude FCS Frame Check Sequence FEC Forward Error Collection HCS Header Check Sequence ImACK Immediate Acknowledgement required LFSR Linear Feed
34、-back Shift Register LiCC Link Control Command MSC Message Sequence Chart MUX Multiplexer NoACK No Acknowledgement required PDU Protocol Data Unit PHY Physical Layer PPCI PHY Protocol Control Information PPDU Phy layer Protocol Data Unit Ecma International 2011 3PSD Power Spectral Density PSDU PHY S
35、DU SAP Service Access Point SDU Service Data Unit UID Unique ID 6 Overview 6.1 Introduction This Standard specifies the bottom 2 layers of a close proximity wireless transfer technology. By touching (or bringing very close together) two electronic entities, this technology allows high speed exchange
36、 of data. The basic concept consists of a touch-activated multi-purpose interface designed for applications requiring high-speed data transfer between two entities in a point-to-point (1:1) mode, without the need for external physical connectors. The physical layer has a maximum transmission rate of
37、 560 Mbps, adjusting the data rate downward according to the wireless environment to maintain a robust link even when the surrounding wireless condition fluctuates. The RF transmit power is kept at a very low level to cause negligible interference with other nearby wireless systems, including other
38、close proximity electric induction systems. Implementations transmit and receive by means of an electric induction field suitable for near field data exchange. This approach is fundamentally different from traditional wireless systems using microwave radiation. Entities establish a link to enable da
39、ta transfer and serve as initiator and responder respectively. These two roles have no relation to the actual direction of data transfer as illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1 Connection between Initiator and Responder The initiator sends a “connection request“, and the responder is its peer that rece
40、ives a “connection request“. Entities can assume either of these roles. As specified in Figure 2, this Standard uses the OSI Basic Reference Model specified in ISO/IEC 7498-1. InitiatorResponderData Data Initiator Responder Close Proximity Electric Induction Wireless Communication 4 Ecma Internation
41、al 2011Figure 2 OSI Basic Reference Model used in this Standard 7 Transmit signal 7.1 Modulation scheme parameters The modulation scheme uses Pi/2 shift BPSK and a chip rate (Rc) of 560 Mcps, as illustrated in Table 1. Here, the chip rate refers to the shortest duration digital units that are transf
42、erred over the air as well as the digital bits that are used to spread the transmitted bandwidth. Since the modulation scheme uses Pi/2 shift BPSK, the reciprocal number of the chip rate (1/Rc) represents the interval between samples of an envelope concatenated along the time axis and the symbol rat
43、e (Rs) on one channel (Ich or Qch) is half the occupied bandwidth (Rc) of the envelope. Hence, the relationship of Rs= Rc/2 is established. Table 1 Tx signal parameters Chip Rate: Rc560 McpsChip duration: Tc = 1/Rc1,786 nsecSymbol Rate: Rs280 MspsCarrier Center Frequency: Fc4,48 GHzModulation Pi/2 s
44、hift BPSK + DSSSFEC 1/2 Convolutional code + Reed Solomon code7.2 Transmitter functional block diagram The transmitter functional block diagram is illustrated in Figure 3. Data from the CNL is first encoded by the Reed-Solomon encoder and the Convolutional encoder. Whether the Convolutional encoder
45、is on or off is determined by the Rate Setting in use, as defined in Table 2. Ecma International 2011 5The spreader spreads the encoded data by duplicating symbols by the spreading factor or process gain GSF. The spread data is then scrambled by the scrambler. Scrambling is accomplished using a pseu
46、do random sequence generated by the Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) in the Scrambler Sequence Generator. Of the fields of the frame format specified in Figure 14, the Preamble, PHY Header and Payload are scrambled using different random seeds. The Pi/2 shift BPSK mapper spreads a binary sequen
47、ce into complex number signals by multiplying the input signal by a rotator whose rotation angle differs by 90 degrees for each sample. The baseband waveform generator illustrated in Figure 3 is a filter that uses the baseband waveform specified in Figure 12 as the impulse response. The generated ba
48、seband signal SBB(t) is then up-converted to centre frequency Fcby the RF module. Figure 3 Transmitter functional block diagram 7.2.1 Supported Rate Settings and rate dependent parameters Table 2 specifies the rates used by the PHY. For rate control, the PHY manipulates the following parameters: Spr
49、eading factor (GSF) = 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 Convolutional code factor (GCC): o GCC= if Convolutional code is used o GCC= 1 otherwise Reed-Solomon Factor (GRS): o GRS= 224/240 if Reed-Solomon coding is used o GRS= 1 otherwise From the above parameters, the rates are calculated as follows. Chip Rate = 560 Mcps Symbol Rate = 280 Msps 6 Ecma International 2011 PHY Rate (Mbps) = Chip Rate (Mcps) / GSF Data Rate (Mbps) = PHY Rate (Mbps) x CCF x GRSTable 2 Rates (Data Rate is rounded down to the nearest 1 Mbps) Rate Settings Chip Rate (Mcps) Symbol
