1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16087-1:2011Soil improvers and growingmedia Determination of theaerobic biological activityPart 1: Oxygen uptake rate (OUR)BS EN 16087-1:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forew
2、ordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16087-1:2011.BSI, as a member of CEN, is obliged to publish EN 16087-1:2011 as a British Standard. However, attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of this European Standard, the UK committee voted against its approval as a E
3、uropean Standard.The UK committee voted against the publication of this standard because it considered that the reproducibility obtained in inter-laboratory evaluation was not an adequate basis on which to establish a reference method. This could cause problems in the event of dispute or litigation.
4、The standard deviations of reproducibility in the inter-laboratory validation trials of this method were poor and there is a low probability of getting the same result from two laboratories analysing the same sample. In the worst cases the standard deviation of reproducibility was nearly the same as
5、 the mean analysis (after rejection of outliers). For example, for the peat based growing medium no. 2, the mean was OUR 15.49 mmol O2/kg OM h, SR12.84; for Compost 2 the mean was OUR 14.29 mmol O2/kg OM h, SR12.79.Technical Committee AW/20 advises that this standard will not reliably discriminate b
6、etween the stability of growing media and soil improvers or constituents thereof.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AW/20, Top soil and other growing media.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This
7、 publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 70566 3ICS 65.080Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under t
8、he authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2011.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16087-1:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16087-1 November 2011 ICS 65.080 English Version Soil improvers and growing media - D
9、etermination of the aerobic biological activity - Part 1: Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) Amendements du sol et supports de culture - Dtermination de lactivit biologique arobie - Partie 1: Cintique dabsorption de loxygne (OUR) Bodenverbesserungsmittel und Kultursubstrate - Bestimmung der aeroben biologisch
10、en Aktivitt - Teil 1: Sauerstoffaufnahme (OUR) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 September 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alt
11、eration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language ma
12、de by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Esto
13、nia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EURO
14、PISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16087-1:2011: EBS EN 16087-1:2011EN 16087-1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normat
15、ive references 4 3 Principle 4 4 Apparatus .4 4.1 Testing facility 4 4.2 Pressure transducer 4 4.3 CO2-absorbent containing unit .4 4.4 Reaction vessel 4 4.5 Mixing device .4 4.6 Balance .5 4.7 pH meter .5 4.8 Dispenser 5 4.9 Glassware .5 4.10 Sieve 5 5 Reagents .5 5.1 Water of class 35 5.2 pH buffe
16、r .5 5.3 Macro nutrient solution .5 5.4 Micro nutrient solution 5 5.5 Complete nutrient solution .5 5.6 Nitrification inhibitor .5 5.7 CO2absorbant .6 5.8 NaOH (0,5 mol/l) .6 5.9 HCl (0,5 mol/l) .6 6 Procedure .6 6.1 Sample preparation .6 6.2 Determination of moisture content and organic matter cont
17、ent 6 6.3 Starting the procedure 6 6.4 Respiration measurement .7 7 Calculations 7 7.1 Theoretical background 7 7.2 Calculations 7 8 Test report 8 Annex A (informative) Validation .9 Annex B (informative) Specific information on the OUR-test 10 Bibliography . 12 BS EN 16087-1:2011EN 16087-1:2011 (E)
18、 3 Foreword This document (EN 16087-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 223 “Soil improvers and growing media”, the secretariat of which is held by ASI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endor
19、sement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying a
20、ny or all such patent rights. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Care should be taken when handling substances of caustic nature or samples that may contain sharps or is of a dusty nature. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to
21、 implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swede
22、n, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16087-1:2011EN 16087-1:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes a method to determine the aerobic biological activity of growing media and soil improvers or constituents thereof by measuring the oxygen uptake rate (OUR). The oxygen uptake rate
23、is an indicator of the extent to which biodegradable organic matter is being broken down within a specified time period. The method is not suitable for material with a content of particle sizes 10 mm exceeding 20 %. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
24、application of this document. For dated refer-ences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13039, Soil improvers and growing media Determination of organic content and ash EN 13040, Soil improvers
25、and growing media Sample preparation for chemical and physical tests, determination of dry matter content, moisture content and laboratory compacted bulk density EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987) 3 Principle The material is suspended in w
26、ater. The respiration rate (i.e. oxygen uptake rate) is estimated by measuring the pressure drop in the headspace (i.e. gas phase in the closed space above the water phase). The produced CO2 (carbon dioxide) is removed by a suitable alkaline absorbent. The measurements are performed under defined co
27、nditions. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Testing facility Temperature controlled room, climate cabinet or water bath, temperature adjustable to (30 2) C. 4.2 Pressure transducer Operating range 0 kPa to 20 kPa (accuracy 0,1 kPa) and record for measuring 2 to 4 times per hour for seven days. 4.3 CO2-absorbent conta
28、ining unit 4.4 Reaction vessel 1000 ml to 2500 ml with a CO2-absorbent containing unit (see 4.3) and the pressure transducer (see 4.2) gastight connected (see Figure B.1). 4.5 Mixing device Shaking table (120 20) rpm or magnetic stirring unit and banded magnetic stirrer (see Figure B.2). BS EN 16087
29、-1:2011EN 16087-1:2011 (E) 5 4.6 Balance With a scale interval of 0,01 g. 4.7 pH meter With slope adjustment and temperature control. 4.8 Dispenser Dispensers or pipettes, adjustable units of 0,5 ml. 4.9 Glassware Beakers and measuring cylinder. 4.10 Sieve 10 mm mesh size. 5 Reagents 5.1 Water of cl
30、ass 3 According to EN ISO 3696. 5.2 pH buffer 86 g/l KH2PO4, 89 g/l Na2HPO4 2H2O, mix ratio of 1: 4 for pH 7; the solution is stable for 2 months if stored at (5 3) C. Commercially available buffers may be used as well. 5.3 Macro nutrient solution Solve the following masses of chemical compounds in
31、1000 ml water (see 5.1): 4,3 g NH4Cl, 5,4 g CaCl2 2H2O, 4,3 g MgSO4 7H2O, 0,03g FeCl3 6H2O. 5.4 Micro nutrient solution Solve the following masses or volumina of chemical compounds in 1000 ml water (see 5.1): 5,0 g EDDHA 6 % iron chelate, 1,4 g MnSO4, 1,1 g ZnSO4, 4,2 g Na2B4O7, 0,2 g CuSO4, 0,13 g
32、Na2MoO4, 1 ml/l HCl (36 %). 5.5 Complete nutrient solution Add 1 ml of micro nutrients solution (see 5.4) to 1000 ml of macro nutrient solution (see 5.3). The solution is stable for 2 months if stored at (5 3) C. 5.6 Nitrification inhibitor 4 g/l N-Allylthiourea, C4H8N2S (ATU). NOTE In closed contai
33、ners, the solution is stable for at least 3 months. BS EN 16087-1:2011EN 16087-1:2011 (E) 6 5.7 CO2absorbant Such as NaOH-pellets, KOH-pellets or soda lime (mixture of Ca(OH)2,NaOH, KOH and water), preferably with colour indicator. 5.8 NaOH (0,5 mol/l) 5.9 HCl (0,5 mol/l) 6 Procedure 6.1 Sample prep
34、aration The fresh sample shall be homogenised by hand. Break up lumps and agglomerates only and pass the sample through a 10 mm sieve (see 4.10). Particles 10 mm shall not be broken up and shall be removed. Record the % mass of particles 10 mm. If this amount is 20 % of the total fresh mass the test
35、 is not applicable. The moist sample shall be stored at (5 3) C (max. 2 weeks). 6.2 Determination of moisture content and organic matter content The moisture content shall be determined according to EN 13040 and the organic matter content according to EN 13039. 6.3 Starting the procedure Calculate t
36、he mass of fresh material to be added to the reaction vessel based on 2 g of organic matter (EOM) per litre according to Equation (1). mom2 0 0 0 0(g ) WW=E O M (1) where Wom is the organic matter content, in % mass of the dried sample according to EN 13039; Wm is the moisture content, in % mass of
37、the fresh sample according to EN 13040. Calculate the required mass of sample (Ws) to perform the test according to Equation (2). V(g) s CEOM=W(2) where CV is the capacity of the vessel in litres. Place the calculated quantity of the sample in the clean reaction vessel (see 4.4). Add 180 ml water an
38、d 10 ml complete nutrient solution (see 5.5) using a dispenser (see 4.8). Add 10 ml pH buffer (see 5.2) using a dispenser (see 4.8). Add 2,5 ml nitrification inhibitor (see 5.6) using a dispenser (see 4.8). Place the sample on the mixing device (see 4.5) and start the mixing for 4 h to 8 h in the co
39、nditioned room (see 4.1). Do not close the bottles. The nitrification inhibitor is added to prevent the use of oxygen for nitrification processes. Then measure the pH of the suspension. The value should be between 6,5 and 7,5. If this is not the case, base or acid should be added (see 5.8 and 5.9).
40、BS EN 16087-1:2011EN 16087-1:2011 (E) 7 The analyses shall be performed at least in duplicate. NOTE At first instance an equivalent of 2 g organic matter should be used for analysis. If it appears during the test that the pressure drop during the first three days is not higher than 2 kPa then the am
41、ount of organic matter should be increased but with a maximum of 20 g dry matter. If on the other hand the pressure drop during the first three days is more then 5 kPa the amount of organic matter should be adjusted to 1 g. 6.4 Respiration measurement Fill the CO2-absorber unit (see 4.3) with the ab
42、sorbant (see 5.7). The pellets can be used several times. Before every use they shall be inspected for colour changes. If the colour has changed they shall be replaced. Replace the bottle top sensor and ensure a gas-tight fit. Start the shaking table (120 20) rpm or magnetic stirrer (between 180 rpm
43、 and 450 rpm) and measure the pressure during seven days. Record the pressure 2 to 4 times per hour during seven days with the connected pressure transducer (see 4.2). The measurement ends in principle after seven days but can be ended if the pressure difference between the maximum and minimum value
44、 is more than 10 kPa. NOTE If a magnetic stirrer is used and the amount of sand and gravel in the sample is high, it is important to ensure that the stirrer is not in contact with the base. To check the tightness of the measurement system, it is necessary to include a blank measurement without sampl
45、e material, but all necessary solutions. 7 Calculations 7.1 Theoretical background The pressure drop as a function of time in principle looks like Figure B.3. During the first period (0 to 8) h the pressure rises by the rising pressure of water vapour in the headspace. Thereafter is a short period (
46、0 to 12) h in which the pressure is more or less stable. This is the growing phase of microorganisms and is dependent on the amount of active microorganisms initially present. In the third period, the pressure drops linearly and in the fourth phase the pressure drop decreases to become constant. In
47、the final phase the oxygen runs out. From the pressure drop in the third period the respiration rate is determined (see Figure B.3). The pressure drop shall not be more than 10 kPa (this is equivalent to a decrease of the oxygen content from 20 % to 10 %), because at a higher pressure drop the oxyge
48、n supply to the water can be limiting (see Veeken 1). 7.2 Calculations The oxygen consumption (Oc, in mmol O2/kg OM) is calculated from the pressure drop ( P) in the headspace according to Equation (3): OMDMW VTR P=O c 1000015,273( 10 g a s )(3) where Oc is the oxygen consumption, in mmol O2/kg OM;
49、P is the pressure drop in the headspace, in kPa; R is the gas constant (83,14 L . kPa . K-1 . mol-1); T is the temperature the measurement is performed, in C; W is the initial mass of the sample, in kg; DM is the dry matter content of the sample, in % mass; BS EN 16087-1:2011EN 16087-1:2011 (E) 8 OM is the organic matter content of the sample, in % DM mass; Vgas is the volume of the gas phase, in ml. l i q u i dv e ss e lg a s 1 0 0 0 0 VDMWV=V(4) where Vvessel is the total volume of vessel, in ml; Vliquid all adde
