1、BS EN 16900:2017Fast pyrolysis bio-oilsfor industrial boilers Requirements and testmethodsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 16900:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16900:2017. The UK partici
2、pation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/2, Liquid Fuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its c
3、orrect application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 90651 0 ICS 75.160.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and S
4、trategy Committee on 31 March 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 16900:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16900 March 2017 ICS 75.160.40 English Version Fast pyrolysis bio-oils for industrial boilers - Requirements and test meth
5、ods Huiles de pyrolyse rapide pour application chaudires -Spcifications et mthodes danalyses Schnellpyrolyse-Biole fr industrielle Kesselanlagen -Anforderungen und Prfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 January 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Interna
6、l Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CE
7、N member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versi
8、ons. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, P
9、oland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of ex
10、ploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16900:2017 EBS EN 16900:2017EN 16900:2017 (E) 2 Contents page European foreword 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions 6 4 Sampling and sample handling . 7 5 Re
11、quirements and test methods . 7 5.1 Additives 7 5.2 Generally applicable requirements and related test methods 7 5.3 Transport and general safety requirements and related test methods . 8 5.4 Emission and burner dependent requirements and related test methods 8 5.5 Precision and dispute . 9 Annex A
12、(informative) Storage of fast pyrolysis bio-oil . 10 A.1 Temperature . 10 A.2 Mixing 10 A.3 Ageing 10 Annex B (normative) Compatible materials . 11 Annex C (normative) Details of inter-laboratory test programme 12 Annex D (normative) Information on test method procedures 19 Bibliography 21 BS EN 169
13、00:2017EN 16900:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 16900:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard sha
14、ll be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this
15、 document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate 1 given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. Annex C contains the precision data gener
16、ated on the test methods, which are the results of inter-laboratory testing, carried out by Working Group 41 of CEN/TC 19. Many of the test methods included in this standard were the subject of inter-laboratory testing to determine the applicability of the method and its precision. In Annex D also t
17、he needed modifications to the test methods are presented. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
18、Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16900:2017EN 1
19、6900:2017 (E) 4 Introduction Fast pyrolysis bio-oils (FPBO) or fast pyrolysis liquids are completely different from petroleum fuels both in their physical properties and chemical composition. They are brownish liquids with a distinct and smoky odour. They can be produced from woody2 biomass and agro
20、biomass (herbaceous2) and there is a wide range of reactor types are suitable for fast pyrolysis bio-oil production. Contrary to fossil fuels, they are highly polar, mainly water-soluble containing typically about 25 % (m/m) on wet basis) of water, acidic in nature, dense, and are viscous liquids, v
21、ery poorly or not miscible with hydrocarbons 3, 6, 18, 19. BS EN 16900:2017EN 16900:2017 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for fast pyrolysis bio-oils for boiler use at industrial scale (1 MW thermal capacity), not for domestic use. Two different grades are
22、 specified. It is recommended to draw attention to differences especially in those properties, which can have an effect on the required flue gas treatment system, such as ash, nitrogen, and sulfur content. National and local regulations determine the requirements for flue gas treatment system. In ad
23、dition to the quality requirements and test methods for fast pyrolysis bio-oils, further instructions on storage (Annex A), sampling, and materials compatibility (Annex B) are given. NOTE For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (m/m)” is used to represent respectively the mass fracti
24、on. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any a
25、mendments) applies. EN 16476, Liquid petroleum products - Determination of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper and Zinc contents in diesel fuel - Method via Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) EN ISO 2719, Determination of flash point - Pensky-Martens closed
26、 cup method (ISO 2719) EN ISO 3104, Petroleum products - Transparent and opaque liquids - Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity (ISO 3104) EN ISO 3170:2004, Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling (ISO 3170:2004) EN ISO 4259, Petroleum products - Determination and app
27、lication of precision data in relation to methods of test (ISO 4259) EN ISO 6245, Petroleum products - Determination of ash (ISO 6245) EN ISO 9038, Determination of sustained combustibility of liquids (ISO 9038) EN ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of density - Oscill
28、ating U-tube method (ISO 12185) EN ISO 20846, Petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels - Ultraviolet fluorescence method (ISO 20846) ISO 3016, Petroleum products Determination of pour point ASTM E70, Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with the Glass Elec
29、trode ASTM E203, Standard Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration ASTM D5291, Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants ASTM D7579, Standard Test Method for Pyrolysis Solids Content in Pyrolysis L
30、iquids by Filtration of Solids in Methanol BS EN 16900:2017EN 16900:2017 (E) 6 DIN 51900-1, Testing of solid and liquid fuels - Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimeter and calculation of net calorific value Part 1: General information DIN 51900-3, Testing of solid and liquid f
31、uels - Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimeter and calculation of net calorific value - Part 3: Method using adiabatic jacket 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 agrobiomass biomass obtained from energy crop
32、s and/or agricultural by-products (agricultural residues) SOURCE: modified from FAO unified bioenergy terminology UBET 3.2 fast pyrolysis thermal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass at short hot vapour residence time (typically less than about 5 s) typically at between 450 C 600 C and at near atmos
33、pheric pressure or below, in the absence of oxygen, using small (typically less than 5 mm) dry (typically less than 10 % water) biomass particles Note 1 to entry: Many fast pyrolysis processes are using fluidised or entrained bed reactor with sand as a heat carrier. Note 2 to entry: Under REACH it i
34、s defined as “lignocellulosic biomass, at short hot vapour residence time (typically less than about 10 seconds) typically at between 450-600 C at near atmospheric pressure or below, in the absence of oxygen” 3.3 fast pyrolysis bio-oil FPBO liquid produced by fast pyrolysis from biomass Note 1 to en
35、try: The typical yield of bio-oil is 60 % (m/m) - 75 % (m/m) on wet basis (energy basis) and 55 % (m/m) 65 % (m/m) of organic matter. Other products are char and non-condensable gases. 3.4 solids solid particles which are not soluble in methanol-dichloromethane (1:1), possibly containing inorganic e
36、lements including sand, char, and additional insoluble organic material Note 1 to entry: The solids will in time settle to the bottom or raise up to the surface depending on their density and the fast pyrolysis bio-oil composition. 3.5 stability situation in which physicochemical properties remain u
37、nchanged during handling and storage Note 1 to entry: FPBOs are not chemically or thermally as stable as conventional petroleum fuels due to the high content of reactive oxygen containing compounds and low-boiling volatiles. The instability of FPBOs can be observed via an increase in viscosity (“age
38、ing”) and possible phase-separation by time and temperature. A stability test based on viscosity increase at 80 C in 24 h may be used to predict if the bio-oil will stand for a years storage at room temperature without phase-separation 3. BS EN 16900:2017EN 16900:2017 (E) 7 4 Sampling and sample han
39、dling Samples shall be taken as described in EN ISO 3170:2004 and/or in accordance with the requirements of national standards or regulations for the sampling of fast pyrolysis bio-oil. The national requirements shall be set out in detail or shall be referred as a National Annex to this European Sta
40、ndard. It is strongly advised to review all intended test methods prior to sampling to understand the importance of sampling technique, and special handling requirements. There is some information in EN ISO 3170:2004 that is not relevant with fast pyrolysis bio-oils: fast pyrolysis bio-oil is mostly
41、 water-soluble (approximately 80 %) and hence does not include any free water: sampling methods described in EN ISO 3170:2004, Clause 8 are not relevant for FPBO; for verification of mixing efficiency application of the procedure as described in EN ISO 3170:2004, 9.3.2 is not recommended; water cont
42、ent determination should only be carried out according to ASTM E203. Even though the separation of extractives is very slow, the samples shall be taken immediately after mixing (see Annex A for further instructions). If bio-oil samples are not analysed immediately, samples should be stored in a free
43、zer 3, 4, 5, 14, 15. It is pointed out that the sampling devices, sample bottles, and other devices in contact with bio-oil have to be compatible with bio-oil (see Annex B). Bio-oil shall be well mixed when transferring from the primary sampling process and/or container to another container and/or a
44、nalytical apparatus. Minimum of two samples should be taken and the maximum difference of the viscosity shall not exceed 5 % at 40 C 5. A minimum of 0,1 L sample size is recommended. The bio-oil shall be properly mixed and analysed according to the recommended standard methods. The bio-oil shall not
45、 be filtered or preheated above 40 C for more than 30 min even though mentioned in some of the analysis standards. Fast pyrolysis bio-oils can typically be analysed like single-phase bio-oils because the separation of extractive-rich layer is very slow. However, the sampling and analyses should be c
46、arried out immediately after sample homogenization. 5 Requirements and test methods 5.1 Additives In order to improve the storage stability, the use of additives, like alcohols, is allowed. Suitable fuel additives without known harmful side-effects are recommended in the appropriate amount, to help
47、to avoid aging reactions in the fast pyrolysis bio-oil. 5.2 Generally applicable requirements and related test methods When tested by the methods indicated in Table 1, fast pyrolysis bio-oils shall be in accordance with the limit values specified in the Table 1. The properties listed in the Table 1
48、have been assessed for application in boiler use 6, 7. Precision data from inter-laboratory test programmes are given in Annex C. BS EN 16900:2017EN 16900:2017 (E) 8 Table 1 Generally applicable requirements and test methods for fast pyrolysis bio- oils for boiler use Property Unit Test Method Limit
49、 value (minimum or maximum) Net calorific value, on wet basis aMJ/kg DIN 519003 14,0 Water content, on wet basis %(m/m) ASTM E203 30 pH ASTM E70 2,0 Density at 15 C kg/m3EN ISO 12185 1 300 Pour point C ISO 3016 - 9 Nitrogen content, (d.b.b). % (m/m) ASTM D5291 report aNet calorific value on wet basis is calculated from the gross calorific value according to DIN 519001. bd.b. is on dry basis. 5.3 Transport and general safety requirements and related test methods The UN transport of goods regulation 16 considers liqui
