1、BS EN ISO14738:2008ICS 13.110; 13.180NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDSafety of machinery Anthropometricrequirements for thedesign of workstationsat machinery (ISO14738:2002, includingCor 1:2003 and Cor2:2005)This British Standardwas published und
2、erthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 28February 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 65130 4Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 14738:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 14738:2008.It is identical to ISO 147
3、38:2002. It supersedes BS EN ISO 14738:2002which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/9/4, Anthropometry and biomechanics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not
4、purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 14738September 2008ICS 13.110; 13.180 Supersedes EN IS
5、O 14738:2002 English VersionSafety of machinery - Anthropometric requirements for thedesign of workstations at machinery (ISO 14738:2002, includingCor 1:2003 and Cor 2:2005)Scurit des machines - Prescriptions anthropomtriquesrelatives la conception des postes de travail sur lesmachines (ISO 14738:20
6、02, Cor 1:2003 et Cor 2:2005inclus)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 August 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-da
7、te lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the
8、responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
9、Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de
10、Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 14738:2008: EBS EN ISO 14738:2008EN ISO 14738:2008 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 14738:2002, including Cor 1:2003 and Cor 2:2005 has been prepared
11、 by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 14738:2008 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a natio
12、nal standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
13、 rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 14738:2002. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential
14、 requirements of EC Directive(s). For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Europe
15、an Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United K
16、ingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14738:2002, including Cor 1:2003 and Cor 2:2005 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 14738:2008 without any modification. BS EN ISO 14738:2008EN ISO 14738:2008 (E) 4 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requir
17、ements of EU Directive 98/37/EC This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 98/37/EC on machinery, amended by 98/79/EC
18、. Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of t
19、his standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations. Table ZA.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this EN Essential Requirements (ERs) o
20、f Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC Qualifying remarks/Notes All clauses Annex I: 1.1.2.d, 3.2, 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.2 - WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard. BS EN ISO 14738:2008EN ISO 14738:2008 (E) 5 Annex
21、 ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essenti
22、al Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery. Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this stan
23、dard given in Table ZB.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations. Table ZB.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 2006/42/EC Clause(s)/sub-c
24、lause(s) of this EN Essential Requirements (ERs) of Directive 2006/42/EC Qualifying remarks/Notes All clauses Annex I: 1.1.6, 1.1.7, 1.1.8, 3.2 - WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard. BS EN ISO 14738:2008ISO
25、14738:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each mem
26、ber body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International El
27、ectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voti
28、ng. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any o
29、r all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 14738 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with ISO Technical Committee TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3, Anthropometry and biomechanics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation b
30、etween ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). Throughout the text of this standard, read “.this European Standard.“ to mean “.this International Standard.“. Annex A forms a normative part of this International Standard. Annex B is for information only. For the purposes of this International Standard, the C
31、EN annex regarding fulfilment of European Council Directives has been removed. BS EN ISO 14738:2008ISO 14738:2002(E) iv ISO 2002 All rights reservedContentsPageForeword . vIntroduction vi1Scope . 12Normative references . 13Task requirements . 14Determination of main work posture 25Dimensional data f
32、or workstation design 46Sitting . 46.1Working height, working surface height and slope 86.2Seat . 96.3Sitting - measurements . 107Raised sitting . 127.1Raised sitting - measurements 148Standing with support . 158.1Standing with support - measurements 169Standing . 179.1Standing - measurements . 18An
33、nex A (normative) Anthropometric data . 19Annex B (informative) Body dynamics 23Bibliography . 26BS EN ISO 14738:2008ISO 14738:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved vForeword This document (EN ISO 14738:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics“, thesecretariat of which is
34、 held by DIN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics“.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by February 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
35、at the latestby February 2003.This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and theEuropean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards orga
36、nizations of the following countriesare bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.BS EN ISO 14738:2
37、008ISO 14738:2002(E) vi ISO 2002 All rights reservedIntroduction This International Standard is one of several ergonomics standards for the safety of machinery. EN 614-1 describesthe principles designers should adopt in order to take account of ergonomic factors.This International Standard describes
38、 how these principles should be applied by using anthropometric requirementsfor the design of workstations at machinery.In addition it is recommended that the postures and movements that are imposed by the machinery design areevaluated as described in ISO 11226 and prEN 1005-4.This International Sta
39、ndard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard in the sense of the Machinery Directiveand associated EFTA regulations.BS EN ISO 14738:2008ISO 14738:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 11 Scope This International Standard establishes principles for deriving dimensions from anthropometric measur
40、ements andapplying them to the design of workstations at non-mobile machinery. It is based on current ergonomic knowledgeand anthropometric measurements.This International Standard specifies the bodys space requirements for equipment during normal operation in sittingand standing positions. This Int
41、ernational Standard does not specifically include space demands for maintenance,repairing and cleaning work. This International Standard does not give recommendations specifically for visual display terminal workstations atmachinery. For this purpose ISO 9241-5 can be used in conjunction with this I
42、nternational Standard.Situations where people are to be prevented from reaching a hazard are dealt with in ISO 13852.2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate p
43、laces in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of thepublication refe
44、rred to applies (including amendments).ISO 13852Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs ISO 15534-3Ergonomic design for the safety of machinery - Part 3: Anthropometric data ISO 7250 : 1996Basic human body measurements for technological design
45、3 Task requirements Design of workstations at machinery shall be based on an analysis of task requirements (see EN 614-1 and EN 614-2) including at least the following elements:- time aspects e.g. duration of work at the machinery (see ISO 11226 and prEN 1005-4);- size of working area;- size of obje
46、cts to be handled;- force demands (see prEN 1005-2 and prEN 1005-3);- action demands (e.g. for feeding and/or removing items from the machinery);BS EN ISO 14738:2008ISO 14738:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved- dynamic body measurements (see Annex B);- co-ordination demands;- stability demands;-
47、 visual demands;- need for communication;- frequency and duration of body, head and limb movements (see ISO 11226 and prEN 1005-4);- need to move between workstations;- the possibility for adopting different postures (see also ISO 11226 and prEN 1005-4).Machinery and workstations shall be designed t
48、o ensure the best postures and movement patterns taking intoaccount technical and economic constraints.4 Determination of main work posture Figure 1 shows an analysis method for determining the main work posture at a machine and shows how some ofthe different factors described in clause 3 should be
49、used. The design of the machine, workstation, task andequipment shall encourage a certain amount of movement and shifting of posture. The design should also allow theoperator to change freely between the sitting and standing posture during the working day. When the designerchooses the main work posture, sitting is generally to be preferred. The standing postures are less recommended.Kneeling, crowling and lying down should be avoided as working postures. Figure 1 also indicates how factors canbe modified to allow a sitting posture.BS EN ISO
