1、 ETSI EN 302 636-1 V1.2.1 (2014-04) Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; GeoNetworking; Part 1: Requirements European Standard ETSI ETSI EN 302 636-1 V1.2.1 (2014-04) 2Reference REN/ITS-0030032 Keywords autonomic networking, ITS, network, safety ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles
2、F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present
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5、nt status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduce
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7、tend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2014. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Membe
8、rs and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI EN 302 636-1 V1.2.1 (2014-04) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 7g32 References 7g32.1 Normative references . 7g32.2 I
9、nformative references 8g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 8g33.1 Definitions 8g33.2 Abbreviations . 8g34 Design guidelines . 8g35 Functional requirements . 9g35.1 Communication mode 9g35.2 GeoNetworking addressing 9g35.3 Geographical routing 9g35.4 Status information signalling 9g35.5 Priority and
10、buffering . 9g35.6 Decentralized congestion control . 10g35.7 Security and privacy . 10g35.8 Cross-layer signalling . 10g35.9 GeoNetworking and IPv6 . 10g35.10 Transport layer functions 11g36 Performance requirements 11g3Annex A (informative): Bibliography . 12g3History 14g3ETSI ETSI EN 302 636-1 V1
11、.2.1 (2014-04) 4Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intel
12、lectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, includi
13、ng IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (EN) has been p
14、roduced by ETSI Technical Committee Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; GeoNetworking, as identified below: Part 1: “Requirements“; Part 2: “Scenarios“; Part 3: “Networ
15、k architecture“; Part 4: “Geographical addressing and forwarding for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications“; Part 5: “Transport Protocols“; Part 6: “Internet Integration“. National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 28 April 2014 Date of latest announcement of this EN (
16、doa): 31 July 2014 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 January 2015 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 January 2016 ETSI ETSI EN 302 636-1 V1.2.1 (2014-04) 5Introduction Wireless communication is a cornerstone of fu
17、ture Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Many ITS applications require the dissemination of information with a rapid and direct communication, which can be achieved by ad hoc networking. GeoNetworking is a network-layer protocol for mobile ad hoc communication based on wireless technology, such as
18、ITS-G5. It provides communication in mobile environments without the need for a coordinating infrastructure. GeoNetworking utilizes geographical positions for dissemination of information and transport of data packets. It offers communication over multiple wireless hops, where nodes in the network f
19、orward data packets on behalf of each other to extend the communication range. Originally proposed for general mobile ad hoc networks, variants of GeoNetworking have been proposed for other network types, such as vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), mesh networks and wireless sensor networks. Therefo
20、re, GeoNetworking can also be regarded as a family of network protocols based on the usage of geographical positions for addressing and transport of data packets in different types of networks. In VANETs, GeoNetworking provides wireless communication among vehicles and among vehicles and fixed stati
21、ons along the roads. GeoNetworking works connectionless and fully distributed based on ad hoc network concepts, with intermittent or even without infrastructure access. The principles of GeoNetworking meet the specific requirements of vehicular environments: It is well suited for highly mobile netwo
22、rk nodes and frequent changes in the network topology. Moreover, GeoNetworking flexibly supports heterogeneous application requirements, including applications for road safety, traffic efficiency and infotainment. More specifically, it enables periodic transmission of safety status messages at high
23、rate, rapid multi-hop dissemination of packets in geographical regions for emergency warnings, and unicast packet transport for Internet applications. GeoNetworking basically provides two, strongly coupled functions: geographical addressing and geographical forwarding. Unlike addressing in conventio
24、nal networks, in which a node has a communication name linked to its identity (e.g. a nodes IP address), GeoNetworking can send data packets to a node by its position or to multiple nodes in a geographical region. For forwarding, GeoNetworking assumes that every node has a partial view of the networ
25、k topology in its vicinity and that every packet carries a geographical address, such as the geographical position or geographical area as the destination. When a node receives a data packet, it compares the geo-address in the data packet and the nodes view on the network topology, and makes an auto
26、nomous forwarding decision. As a results, packets are forwarded “on the fly“, without need for setup and maintenance of routing tables in the nodes. The most innovative method for distribution of information enabled by geographical routing is to target messages to certain geographical areas. In prac
27、tise, a vehicle can select and specify a well-delimited geographic area to which messages should be delivered. Intermediate vehicles serve as message relays and only the vehicles located within the target area process the message and further send it to corresponding applications. In this way, only v
28、ehicles that are actually affected by a dangerous situation or a traffic notification are notified, whereas vehicles unaffected by the event are not targeted. Basically, geographical routing comprises the following forwarding schemes: GeoUnicast: figure 1 shows a possible method of packet delivery b
29、etween two nodes via multiple wireless hops. When a node wishes to send a unicast packet, it first determines the destinations position and then forwards the data packet to a node towards the destination, which in turn re-forwards the packet along the path until the packet reaches the destination. F
30、igure 1: GeoUnicast ETSI ETSI EN 302 636-1 V1.2.1 (2014-04) 6 GeoBroadcast: figure 2 shows a possible method of geographical broadcast. A packet is forwarded hop-by-hop until it reaches the destination area determined by the packet, and nodes rebroadcast the packet if they are located inside the des
31、tination area. GeoAnycast is different from geographical broadcast in that a node within the destination area will not re-broadcast any received packets. Figure 2: GeoBroadcast Topologically-scoped broadcast: figure 3 shows rebroadcasting of a data packet from a source to all nodes in the n-hop neig
32、hbourhood. Single-hop broadcast is a specific case of topologically-scoped broadcast, which is used to send packets only to one-hop neighbourhood. Figure 3: Topologically-scoped broadcast ETSI ETSI EN 302 636-1 V1.2.1 (2014-04) 71 Scope The present document specifies, at an abstract level, the gener
33、al, functional and performance requirements that apply to the GeoNetworking protocols (EN 302 636-4 i.1, EN 302 636-5 i.2 and EN 302 636-6 i.3) for use in ETSI ITS G5 access technology (EN 302 663 i.4). The present document is applicable to ITS stations implementing ETSI ITS G5 access technology (EN
34、 302 663 i.4) and the GeoNetworking protocols (EN 302 636-4 i.1, EN 302 636-5 i.2 and EN 302 636-6 i.3) for both single hop and multi-hop communications. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For speci
35、fic references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
36、NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. 1 ETSI EN 302 665: “Intelligent Transport S
37、ystems (ITS); Communications Architecture“. 2 ETSI TS 101 539-1: “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); V2X Applications; Part 1: Road Hazard Signalling (RHS) application requirements specification“. 3 ETSI TS 102 637-1: “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic Set of App
38、lications; Part 1: Functional Requirements“. 4 ETSI TS 102 687: “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Decentralized Congestion Control Mechanisms for Intelligent Transport Systems operating in the 5 GHz range; Access layer part“. 5 ETSI EN 302 636-2: “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular C
39、ommunications; GeoNetworking; Part 2: Scenarios“. 6 ETSI TS 102 636-3: “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; GeoNetworking; Part 3: Network architecture“. 7 IETF RFC 4861: “Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)“. 8 IETF RFC 4862: “IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfigurati
40、on“. 9 IETF RFC 3775: “Mobility Support in IPv6“. 10 IETF RFC 3963: “Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol“. 11 IETF RFC 5648: “Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration“. ETSI ETSI EN 302 636-1 V1.2.1 (2014-04) 82.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary
41、for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 ETSI EN 302 636-4 (all parts): “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; GeoNetworking; Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for point-to-point and point
42、-to-multipoint communications“. i.2 ETSI EN 302 636-5 (all parts): “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; GeoNetworking; Part 5: Transport Protocols“. i.3 ETSI EN 302 636-6 (all parts): “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; GeoNetworking; Part 6: In
43、ternet Integration“. i.4 ETSI EN 302 663: “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Access layer specification for Intelligent Transport Systems operating in the 5 GHz frequency band“. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions giv
44、en in TS 102 636-3 6 and the following apply: ad hoc communication: communication in an ad hoc network Transmission Power Control (TPC): mechanisms to adjust transmission power on wireless channel Transmission Rate Control (TRC): mechanisms to adjust the rate of sending messages via the wireless cha
45、nnel 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TS 102 636-3 6, TS 102 687 4 and the following apply: MCoA Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration NEMO NEtwork MObilityTPC Transmission Power Control TRC Transmission Rate Control VANET Vehicular Ad hoc NETw
46、ork 4 Design guidelines The GeoNetworking protocols as defined in this multi-part deliverable shall be designed to: efficiently disseminate safety and traffic efficiency messages considering functional requirements on applications as specified in TS 102 637-1 3; support all communication scenarios s
47、pecified in EN 302 636-2 5; transparently transport IPv6 packets with minimum changes to IPv6; support privacy and security functions; support different communication media and interfaces as specified in EN 302 665 1. ETSI ETSI EN 302 636-1 V1.2.1 (2014-04) 95 Functional requirements 5.1 Communicati
48、on mode The GeoNetworking protocols as defined in this multi-part deliverable shall support self-organized communication among vehicle ITS stations without assistance from an infrastructure network, and also allow communication with assistance from an infrastructure network. These GeoNetworking prot
49、ocols shall also support self-organized communication between vehicle ITS stations and roadside ITS stations. For safety applications that have stringent requirement on the latency of message delivery, these GeoNetworking protocols shall support communication without the need to exchange any signalling messages beforehand. 5.2 GeoNetworking addressing An ITS station implementing the GeoNetworking protocol shall have at least one unique address at the ITS-S networking implicit status information sign
