1、1 ECHNICAL REPORT ETR 300-1 May 1997 Source: ETSI EP-TETRA Reference: DTWTETRA-01011-1 ICs: 33.020 Key words: TETRA, V+D, voice, data Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Designers guide; Part 1 : Overview, technical description and radio aspects ETSI European Telecommunications
2、 Standards Institute ETSI Secretariat Postal address: F-O6921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariat8 etsi.fr Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 O0 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Co
3、pyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. O European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997. All rights reserved. STD-ETSI ETR 300-1-ENGL 1997 m 3400855 0192195 3T0
4、 m Page 2 ETR 300-1: May 1997 Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content, typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to “ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept.“ at the address shown
5、on the title page. Page 3 ETR 300-1 : May 1997 Contents Foreword . 7 Introduction 7 Scope 9 References 9 Definitions and abbreviations 9 3.1 Definitions 9 3.2 Abbreviations . 13 Overview of TETRA . 14 4.1 Introduction 14 4.2 TETRA . 16 4.3 Telecommunication services . 16 4.4 Network architecture 17
6、4.5 Network functions 18 4.5.1 Establishing service . 18 4.5.2 Location registration 18 4.5.3 Registedde-register . 21 4.5.4 Connection restoration 21 4.5.5 Call re-establishment . 21 4.5.6 Security features . 21 Services supported at the defined system interfaces 22 4.8.1 Message trunking 23 4.8.2
7、Transmission trunking . 23 4.8.3 Quasi-transmission trunking 23 4.6 4.7 Services supported at the defined system gateways . 22 4.8 Trunking methods 22 Technical description . 24 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 OS1 reference model 24 5.1.1 Testable boundaries 24 5.1.2 Description of MS/BS air interfa
8、ce protocol architecture 25 5.1.3 Mapping of higher layer data on to the physical layer . 26 Physical layer . 26 5.2.1 Physical resources 26 5.2.2 TDMA frame structure . 27 5.2.3 Slot structure . 28 5.2.4 Radio transmission burst structure 29 5.2.5 Slot structure formats within the physical layer .
9、30 Organization of layer 2 - Data Link Control (DLC) . 30 5.3.1 Logical channels in the lower MAC . 31 5.3.2 Logical channels in the upper MAC . 32 Use of the logical channels and mapping between layers . 33 Physical layer functionality . 33 5.5.1 Lower MAC functionality 35 How it all hangs together
10、 . 36 5.6.1 Broadcast channel . 37 5.6.2 Signalling channel . 37 5.6.3 Traffic channels . 38 5.6.4 Logical channels supporting operation of the physical layer . 38 MAC functionality . 39 5.7.1 Random access procedures . 39 5.7.2 Reserved access procedures 42 5.7.3 Call set-up procedures 42 5.7.3.1 I
11、ndividual calls . 43 5.7.3.2 Group calls . 43 Layer 3 functionality . 43 I STD-ETSI ETR 300-1-ENGL 1997 W 3400855 0142197 173 Page 4 ETR 300-1 : May 1997 5.9 5.1 O 5.1 1 5.8.1 Cell selection and re-selection 44 5.8.1.1 Establishing service 47 5.8.1 .i . i Acquiring cell synchronization 47 5.8.1.1.2
12、Acquiring network information 47 5.8.1.2 Cell selection and re-selection 48 System modes of operation 48 5.9.1 Normal mode 48 5.9.2 Extended mode . 48 5.9.3 Minimum mode . 48 5.9.4 Discontinuous downlink transmissions - time sharing mode 49 5.9.4.1 MCCH sharing mode 49 5.9.4.2 Carrier sharing mode 4
13、9 MS modes of operation . 49 5.10.1 Idle mode 49 5.10.2 Common signalling and packet mode 50 5.10.3 Traffic mode 50 5.1 0.3.1 Stealing mechanism 50 5.10.3.1.1 Uplink stealing 50 5.10.3.1.2 Criteria for uplink stealing . 50 5.10.3.1.3 Downlink stealing . 51 5.10.3.1.4 Reception of downlink transmissi
14、ons . 51 5.10.4 Energy economy mode . 51 5.10.5 Independent allocation of uplink and downlinks . 52 Classes of MS . 52 5.1 1.1 MS power classes . 52 5.1 1.2 MS receiver classes 52 5.1 1.3 MS duplex capability . 53 5.1 1.3.1 Frequency half duplex operation . 53 5.1 1.3.2 Frequency full duplex operati
15、on 53 5.1 1.4 Support of air-interface encryption 53 5.1 1.5 Support of concurrent calls . 53 Data services in Voice plus Data . 53 5.12.1 Short data service . 54 5.12.2 Circuit mode data 54 5.12.3 Packet mode data . 54 5.1 2.3.1 X.25 connection mode packet data . 54 5.12.3.2 Connectionless mode . 5
16、8 5.12.4 Network interconnection . 60 5.12 6 Radio aspects . 61 6.1.1 Single site wide area coverage . 61 6.1.2 Cellular channel re-use . 61 6.1.4 Time sharing transmission . 61 6.1.5 Antenna diversity 61 6.1.6 Site diversity 62 6.1.7 Direct Mode (DM) /trunked gateway 62 6.1 .a On-frequency repeater
17、s 62 6.1.9 Comparison of some area coverage techniques 62 6.1.9.1 Small active cells versus passive receive only cells . 62 6.1.9.2 Cellular versus quasi-synchronous . 62 6.1.9.3 6.1.9.4 DM /trunked gateway versus on-frequency repeaters . 63 Radio parameters 63 6.2.2.1 Introduction . 63 6.2.2.2 Stat
18、ic . 64 6.2.2.3 Rural Area (RAX) . 65 6.2.2.4 Hilly Terrain (HTx) . 65 6.2.2.5 6.2.2.6 Equalizer testing model (EQx) 65 6.1 Area coverage techniques . 61 6.1.3 Quasi-synchronous transmission . 61 Quasi-synchronous versus time-shared transmission 63 6.2.1 Frequency allocation . 63 6.2.2 Propagation m
19、odels 63 Typical Urban (TUX) and Bad Urban (BUx) 65 6.2 6.2.3 Sensitivity. interference rejection and nominal performance . 65 6.2.3.1 Definition of sensitivity . 65 6.2.3.2 Reference sensitivity levels and reference sensitivity performance 65 6.2.3.3 Equivalent signal-to-noise ratio 67 6.2.3.4 Inte
20、rference rejection . 67 6.2.3.5 Nominal performance 68 6.2.3.6 Sensitivity comparison of TETRA with analogue FM systems 68 6.2.3.7 Comparison of co-channel interference rejection of TETRA with analogue FM 69 Path loss model . 69 6.2.4.1 Rural Area 70 6.2.4.2 Suburban area . 71 6.2.5 Link budget 72 6
21、.2.6 Signal variability . 73 6.3 Area coverage 73 6.3.1 Noise limited 73 Coverage for stationary operation . 74 Coverage for moving MSs . 75 6.3.2 Interference limited 75 6.4 Direct mode . 77 6.5 Co-existence aspects of TETRA . 77 6.5.1 Introduction 77 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 Military systems . 79 6.2.4 6
22、.3.1.1 6.3.1.2 6.3.3 Quasi-synchronous operation . 77 Impact of unwanted emissions near the carrier 77 Impact of unwanted emissions far from the carrier . 78 Annex A: Services supported . 80 A.l Summary of basic services supported 80 A.2 Supplementary services supported . 80 Annex B: Speech coding a
23、nd TDMA frame structure intrinsic delays 81 Annex C: Bibliography . 83 History 84 STD.ETS1 ETR 300-3-ENGL 1997 3400855 0392399 T4b Page 7 ETR 300-1: May 1997 Foreword This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) has been produced by the ETSI Project TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (TETRA) Technical Body of the Europe
24、an Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). ETRs are informative documents resulting from ETSI studies which are not appropriate for European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) or Interim European Telecommunication Standard (LETS) status. An ETR may be used to publish material which is either of
25、 an informative nature, relating to the use or the application of ETSs or I-ETSs, or which is immature and not yet suitable for formal adoption as an ETS or an LETS. This ETR consists of 4 parts as follows: Part 1: “Overview, technical description and radio aspects“; Part 2: “Radio channels, network
26、 protocols and service performance“; Part 3: “Direct Mode Operation“, (DTRTTETRA-O1 O1 1-3); Part 4: “Network Management“. Introduction This ETR has been produced to provide an introduction to the TETRA system for potential system purchasers, network operators and service users. It should be underst
27、ood that, as in all standard setting activities, there is an inherent conflict between the wish to have as broad a standard as possible and at the same time wanting to have as much of that broad standard available and implemented right from the beginning. Potential system purchasers, network operato
28、rs and service users should make sure they influence the suppliers to have their required functionality available when they need it. Equipment manufacturers will use the broad flexibility provided within the standard to develop and implement systems in various ways, and still be conforming according
29、 to the standard. This broad availability of systems, each optimized around certain features and functionalities, needs to be carefully analysed by a network operator and system user to find the supplier with a system suited best for their needs. Previous page is blank Page 9 ETR 300-1 : May 1997 1
30、Scope This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) is written as a “Read-me-first“ manual or “Getting started with TETRA Voice plus Data (V+D)“. It is not intended to be a complete guide to the TETRA standards. If any conflict is found between this ETR and the clauses in the TETRA standards then the standards t
31、ake precedence. The aims of this ETR are many, for example: 1) to provide the reader with sufficient knowledge to engage in qualified discussions with the equipment and service suppliers; 2) to expose the reader to the specific language and technical terminology used in the TETRA standards; 3) to en
32、able the reader to understand the flexibility in system design, system network topography, system availability, various modes of operation and security features; 4) in the radio aspects part of this ETR, sufficiently detailed design information is given to allow link budget calculations to be carrie
33、d out and outline radio coverage planning to be performed. 2 References For the purposes of this ETR, the following references apply: 131 41 51 71 ETS 300 392-1 : “Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Trans-European Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Part 1: General Network Design“. ETS 300
34、 392-2: “Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Trans-European Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Part 2: Air Interface (Al)“. ETR 300-2: “Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Trans-European Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Designers guide; Part 2: Traffic aspects“. ETR 300-3: “Rad
35、io Equipment and Systems (RES); Trans-European Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Designers guide; Part 3: Direct Mode Operation (DMO)“. ETR 292: “Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Trans-European Trunked Radio (TETRA); User requirements for network management“. ETS 300 086: “Radio Equipm
36、ent and Systems (RES); Land mobile group; Technical characteristics and test conditions for radio equipment with an internal or external RF connector intended primarily for analogue speech“. ETS 300 11 3: “Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Land mobile service; Technical characteristics and test con
37、ditions for radio equipment intended for the transmission of data (and speech) and having an antenna connector“. ETS 300 393-1 : “Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Trans-European Trunked Radio (TETRA); Packet Data Optimized (PDO); Part 1: General network design“. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1
38、 Definitions For the purposes of this ETR, the following definitions apply: access code: A subdivision of Mobile Stations (MSs) for random access opportunities. Previous page is blank STD-ETSI ETR 300-1-ENGL 1997 3400855 0392202 360 Page 10 ETR 300-1: May 1997 advanced link: An advanced link is a bi
39、-directional connection oriented path between one MS and a Base Station (BS) with provision of acknowledged and unacknowledged services, windowing, segmentation, extended error protection and choice among several throughputs. It requires a Set-up phase. announced cell re-selection: Cell re-selection
40、 where MS-MLE informs the SwMI both in the old cell (leaving cell) and in the new cell (arriving cell) that cell change is performed. There can be three types of announced cell re-selection. - type 1: The MS-MLE knows the new cell and the traffic channel allocations on the cell before deciding to le
41、ave its serving cell; - type 2: The MS-MLE knows the new cell before changing to it, but does not know the channel allocation on the new cell in advance; - type 3: The MS-MLE need not to know the new cell before changing to it. The old cell is only informed by the MS-MLE that it want to change cell.
42、 TETRA V+D may support all three types of announced cell re-selection. assigned channel: A channel that has been allocated by the infrastructure to certain MSs using channel allocation command(s) addressed to those MSs. An assigned channel may be allocated for secondary control purposes or for a cir
43、cuit mode call. Associated Control CHannel (ACCH): The dedicated signalling channel associated with a channel that has been assigned for circuit mode traffic. It comprises the Fast Associated Control CHannel (FACCH) which uses frames 1 to 17 (if they are not used by traffic) plus the Slow Associated
44、 Control CHannel (SACCH) which is always available in frame 18. attached: A MS is said to be attached to a cell when the MS is camped and registered on the cell. The MS may be in idle mode (.e. not actively processing a transaction) or in active mode (.e. actively processing a transaction in recepti
45、on and/or in transmission). It is the Mobility Management (MM) which decides when a MS is said to be attached. bearer service: A service which provides information transfer between user network interfaces (NT or MT) involving only low layer functions (layers 1 to 3 of the OS1 model). Circuit mode da
46、ta calls and packet mode data calls are examples of bearer services (see annex A, clause A.l). Bit Error Ratio (BER): The limit ratio of the bits wrongly received to all bits received in a given logical channel. broadcast: A unidirectional point to multipoint mode of transmission. call owner: In a g
47、roup call the call owner is the only party with authority to clear the call. By default it is usually the group call initiator. Ownership of the group call can be transferred by use of the Transfer of Control (TOC) supplementary service. In some implementations if ownership of an ongoing group call
48、is not transferred then the system may automatically clear the call if the call owner de-registers or goes out of range. To cope with this issue, in some implementations the call owner of all group calls may be designated as a permanent dispatcher. call transaction: All of the functions associated w
49、ith a complete unidirectional transmission of information during a call. A call can be made up of one or more call transactions. In a semi-duplex call these call transactions are sequential. camped: A MS is said to be camped on a cell when the MS is synchronized on the cell BS and has decoded the Broadcast Network CHannel (BNCH) of the cell. The synchronization procedure is performed by the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and the interpretation of the network information from the BNCH is performed by a procedure in the Mobile Link Entity (MLE). It is the MLE which decides when a M
