1、 ETSI TR 103 297 V1.1.1 (2017-07) Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); SC-FDMA based radio waveform technology for Ku/Ka band satellite service TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 297 V1.1.1 (2017-07) 2 Reference DTR/SES-00366 Keywords air interface, FDMA, satellite, wideband ETSI 650 Route des
2、 Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org/s
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7、he copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. ETSI 2017. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Mem
8、bers and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 103 297 V1.1.1 (2017-07) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Modal verbs terminol
9、ogy 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Symbols and abbreviations . 8g33.1 Symbols 8g33.2 Abbreviations . 8g34 Introduction 9g35 Return link 10g35.1 Introduction 10g35.2 DSNG use case . 11g35.2.1 Introduction. 11g35.2.2 Challenges. 12g35.2.3 Ev
10、aluation methodology . 13g35.2.3.1 Introduction . 13g35.2.3.2 System model description . 13g35.2.3.2.1 General system model . 13g35.2.3.2.2 Ground transmitter . 14g35.2.3.2.3 Satellite transponder 14g35.2.3.2.4 Ground receiver . 14g35.2.3.3 DSNG simulation scenario 16g35.2.3.4 Simulation methodology
11、 . 16g35.2.4 Performance analysis 17g35.2.4.1 Spectral efficiency. 17g35.2.4.1.1 Introduction . 17g35.2.4.1.2 Single carrier usage . 17g35.2.4.1.3 Double carrier usage 18g35.2.4.1.4 Four and more carrier usage 19g35.2.4.2 Complexity 20g35.2.5 Synthesis . 20g35.3 Broadband access use case . 21g35.3.1
12、 Introduction. 21g35.3.2 Challenges. 21g35.3.2.1 Synchronization over the satellite channel 21g35.3.2.2 Minimization of non-linear distortion in the satellite channel 23g35.3.3 Evaluation methodology . 23g35.3.3.1 Synchronization acquisition 23g35.3.3.2 Synchronization tracking 25g35.3.3.3 Optimizat
13、ion of total degradation . 26g35.3.4 Performance analysis 27g35.3.4.1 Synchronization accuracy . 27g35.3.4.2 Power efficiency . 28g35.3.4.3 Spectral efficiency. 30g35.3.4.4 Complexity 31g35.3.5 Synthesis . 32g36 Forward Link 32g37 Conclusions and Recommendations . 32g3Annex A: Bibliography 34g3ETSI
14、ETSI TR 103 297 V1.1.1 (2017-07) 4 Annex B: Change History . 35g3History 36g3ETSI ETSI TR 103 297 V1.1.1 (2017-07) 5 Intellectual Property Rights Essential patents IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these esse
15、ntial IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest update
16、s are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server
17、) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Trademarks The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners. ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI,
18、 and conveys no right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by E
19、TSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expr
20、ession of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. ETSI ETSI TR 103 297 V1.1.1 (2017-07) 6 1 Scope The present document aims at assessing the performance of a SC-FDMA-based radio waveform over geostationary satellites in Ku/Ka band.
21、 Moreover, it aims at defining an evaluation framework for performance comparison with existing waveform technologies (e.g. DVB-S2, DVB-S2X and DVB-RCS2), focusing on the radio and physical layers. The present document deals with satellite return link only. The forward link is for further study. For
22、 the return link, two use cases have been identified and treated so far, Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and Broadband Access. The present document provides a description of the waveforms to be compared; it identifies their key characteristics, defines the system model used for comparison and presen
23、ts comparative performance results in terms of spectral efficiency. A complexity analysis is also performed. 2 References 2.1 Normative references Normative references are not applicable in the present document. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publica
24、tion and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the
25、time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 ETSI EN 302 307: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second gene
26、ration framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications (DVB-S2)“. i.2 DVB Document A83-2: “Digital video broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation s
27、ystems for broadcasting, interactive services, news gathering and other broad-band satellite applications, Part II: S2-Extensions (DVB-S2X)-(Optional)“, March 2014. i.3 ETSI TS 136 211 (V8.3.0): “LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.2
28、11 version 8.3.0 Release 8)“. i.4 DVB BlueBook A160: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Next Generation broadcasting system to Handheld, physical layer specification (DVB-NGH)“. i.5 Ciochina-Duchesne C., Castelain D., Bouttier A.: “Satellite profile in DVB-NGH,“ Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems
29、 Conference (ASMS) and 12th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop (SPSC), Baiona, Spain, 5-7 September 2012. i.6 DVB Document A162: “Guidelines for Implementation and Use of LLS: ETSI EN 301 545-2“, February 2013. i.7 Recommendation ITU-R M.2047-0 (12-2013): “Detailed specifications of
30、 the satellite radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT Advanced)“. i.8 C. Ciochina: “Physical layer design for the uplink of mobile cellular radiocommunications systems“, PhD defence, July 2009. ETSI ETSI TR 103 297 V1.1.1 (2017-07) 7 i.9 Okuyama S., Takeda K., Adac
31、hi F.: “MMSE Frequency-Domain Equalization Using Spectrum Combining for Nyquist Filtered Broadband Single-Carrier Transmission,“ Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Spring), 16-19 May 2010. i.10 ETSI TR 102 376 (V1.1.1) (02-2005): “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); User guidelines for the seco
32、nd generation system for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications (DVB-S2)“. i.11 ETSI TR 102 376-2 (V1.1.1) (November 2015): “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for the second generation system for Broadcasting, Interacti
33、ve Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications; Part 2: S2 Extensions (DVB-S2X)“. i.12 M. Morelli, C.-C. J. Kuo and M.-O. Pun: “Synchronization Techniques for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA): A Tutorial Review“, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 95, no. 7, p
34、p. 1394- 1427, July 2007. i.13 ETSI TS 136 213: “LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer procedures (3GPP TS 36.213 Release 11)“. i.14 D. Chu: “Polyphase Codes with Good Periodic Correlation Properties,“ IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 53
35、1-532, July 1972. i.15 Y. Wen, W. Huang and Z. Zhang: “CAZAC sequence and its Application in LTE Random Access“, In Proceedings of IEEE Information Theory Workshop, October 2006, pp. 544-547. i.16 F. Rossetto and M. Berioli: “On synchronisation for SC-FDMA waveform over geo satellite networks“ in Ad
36、vanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference (ASMS) and 12th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop (SPSC), 2012 6th, September 2012, pp. 233-237. i.17 U. Mengali and M. Morelli: “Data-aided frequency estimation for burst digital transmission“ Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol
37、. 45, no. 1, pp. 23-25, January 1997. i.18 P. H. Moose: “A technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplex- ing frequency offset correction,“ Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 2908-2914, October 1994. i.19 Global Positioning System Standard Positioning Service Performa
38、nce Standard, 4th edition, September 2008. i.20 B. M. Popovi: “Efficient Matched Filter for the Generalized Chirp-Like Polyphase Sequences“ IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 769-777, July 1994. i.21 Panasonic: “R1-071517: RACH Sequence Allocation for Efficien
39、t Matched Filter Implementation“, www.3gpp.org, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1, meeting 48bis, St Julians, Malta, March 2007. i.22 D. Castelain, C. Ciochina-Duchesne, J. Guillet and F. Hasegawa: “SC-OFDM, a Low-Complexity Technique for High Performance Satellite Communications“, ICSSC“2014, San Diego, August 2014
40、. ETSI ETSI TR 103 297 V1.1.1 (2017-07) 8 3 Symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: Roll-off factor M DFT precoding size N IDFT size Ncar Number of carriers per transponder NCPCP length Nguard Number of guard subcarriers NtapsNumbe
41、r of taps for the finite impulse response filter ovs Oversampling factor Code rate Rs Symbol rate (baud) 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project AM/AM Amplitude Modulation/Amplitude Modulation AM/PM Ampl
42、itude Modulation/Phase Modulation APSK Amplitude Phase Shift Keying AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise BER Bit-Error Ratio BICM Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation symbols CAZAC Constant Amplitude Zero AutoCorrelation CCDF Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function CFO Carrier Frequency Offset CP C
43、yclic Prefix DFT Discrete Fourier Transform DL DownLink DSNG Digital Satellite News Gathering DVB Digital Video Broadcasting DVB-NGH DVB New Generation Handheld DVB-RCS DVB Return Channel via Satellite DVB-S Digital Video Broadcasting via Satellite FDE Frequency Domain Equalization FDMA Frequency Di
44、vision Multiple Access FDT Frequency Domain Transmitter FFT Fast Fourier Transform FIR Finite Impulse Response GEO Geostationary Orbit GPS Global Positioning System GT Guard Time HPA High Power Amplifier IBO Input Back-Off ICI Inter-Carrier Interference IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform IMI In
45、ter-Modulation Interference IMT International Mobile Telecommunications IMUX Input MUltipleXer filter ISI Inter-Symbol InterferenceINP Instantaneous Normalized Power ITU-R International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunications sector LTE Long Term Evolution MAI Multiple Access Interference MLE Ma
46、ximum Likelihood EstimatorETSI ETSI TR 103 297 V1.1.1 (2017-07) 9 MODCOD Modulation therefore the PAPR penalty of a zero roll-off system becomes negligible. 5.2.4.2 Complexity In this clause, the complexity of a SC-FDMA scheme with a frequency domain implementation was compared to the complexity of
47、a SC-TDM scheme, 5 % roll-off, with a classical time domain implantation. For this complexity comparison between frequency domain and time domain only the different parts were considered, i.e. waveform generation (transmission, FDT and TDT) and reception equalization (FDE and TDE). In the following
48、table, a cell should be understood according to DVB terminology. In this context, it corresponds to a transmitted constellation symbol. Table 6: Time domain and frequency domain complexity comparison Variables definition Number of multiplication per cell Examples FDT M, N : DFT and IDFT sizes (M/2lo
49、g2(M) + N/2log2(N) + Mx )/M = 0; N/M = 1,2 M = 6 912 = 14,1 M = 27 648 = 16,3 TDT Ovs : oversampling ratio LFIR FIR duration in Ts Ntaps = Ovs * LFIR+1 = 5 % Ovs = 2 LFIR = 60 Ntaps = 120 FDE M, N : DFT and IDFT sizes : Roll-off (M/2xlog2(M) + N/2xlog2(N) + Mx(1+)/M = 0; N/M = 1,2 M = 6 912 = 15,1 M = 27 648 = 17,3 TDE Ovs : oversampling ratio LFIR FIR duration in Ts Ntaps = Ovs * LFIR + 1 = 5 % Ovs = 2 LFIR = 20 Ntaps = 41 For the considered functions, a frequency domain implementation allows to decrease the comp
