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16、eb: http:/ 3/04 Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications and audio-visual training aids currently available. Monthly supplements announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc
17、. Available free from the Document Sales Unit, ICAO. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Doc 9157 AN1901 Aerodrome Design Manual Part 2 Taxiways, Aprons and Holdi
18、ng Bays Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority Fourth Edition - 2005 I n te r n at i o na I C vi I Av i at i on O rg a n iza t i o n Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking per
19、mitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMENDMENTS _ The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICA0 Journal and in the monthly Supplement to the Catalogue of ICA0 Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids, which holders of this publication should consult. The space below is provided to kee
20、p a. record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA I AMENDMENTS I CORRIGENDA Date 1 Dai En;d of issue entered - (ii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
21、IHS-,-,-FOREWORD In accordance with the provisions in Annex 14, Volume I, States must provide taxiways at an aerodrome. The Annex clearances needed in taxiway/taxilane turning manoeuvres by modem wide body aeroplanes have been added. also recommends the provision of holding bays when the traffic vol
22、ume is high and the provision of aprons where necessary to permit the on- and off-loading of passengers, cargo or mail as well as the servicing of aircraft without interfering with the aerodrome traffic. The purpose of the following material is to assist States in the implementation of these specifi
23、cations and thereby help to ensure their uniform aDDlication. With respect to taxiways, the manual includes material on the general layout and description of the design criteria for taxiway physical characteristics, including the shoulder and strips. Several studies have been undertaken on con- figu
24、ration and location of rapid exit taxiways. The existing material on rapid exit taxiways has been updated as a result of studies undertaken by the Secretariat. Additional material on this subject has been added at Appendix 5. The material on fillets describes some methods for fillet design, and deta
25、iled information on fillet design has also been included in an appendix. The manual also contains illus- trations of diagrams of the impact of newer generation, larger aircraft at existing aerodromes. Additionally, new charts to facilitate deriving of the aircraft wing tip The material on holding ba
26、ys and dual or multiple taxi- ways, which describes the advantages and disadvantages of the different configurations, is aimed at providing aero- drome controllers with greater flexibility in adjusting the take-off sequence to overcome undue delays. The material concerning aprons describes, inter al
27、ia, basic apron layouts, design requirements and the area required for a particular apron layout. The manual also includes material dealing with segre- gation of traffic on the movement area. This material describes considerations which should be taken into account when designing aerodrome facilitie
28、s in order to achieve the maximum practical segregation of aircraft and ground vehicular traffic. It is intended that the manual be kept up to date. Future editions will most likely be improved on the basis of experience gained and of comments and suggestions received from users of this manual, and
29、readers are there- fore invited to give their views, comments and suggestions on this edition. These should be directed to the Secretary General of ICAO. (iii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi
30、tted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page Cbapter 1 . Taxiways . 1-1 1.5 Fillets 1-38 General . 1-38 Methods for manoeuvring aircraft on taxiway intersections 1-40 1.1 Taxiway systems . 1-1 Functional requirements . 1-1 Planning principles . 1-1 Stages in taxiway system developme
31、nt . 1-4 Evaluating taxiway layout alternatives 1-7 Aircraft taxi distances . 1-8 1.6 Taxiway shoulders and strips . 1-40 General . 1-40 Treatment . 1-41 1.7 Future aircraft developments . 1-42 1.2 Physical characteristics design criteria 1-8 General . 1-42 Future aircraft trends 1-42 Aerodrome data
32、 1-42 Taxiway width . 1-42 Runway-parallel taxiway separation distance 1-43 Separation between parallel taxiways . 1-43 Separation distance between taxiway andobject 1-44 Aircraft stand taxilane-to-object . 1-45 Other considerations 1-46 General . 1-8 Aerodrome reference code . 1-8 Taxiway width . 1
33、-9 Taxiway curves 1-9 Junctions and intersections . 1-10 Taxiway minimum separation distances . 1-10 Parallel taxiway geometry 1-13 Aeronautical study relating to mnimum separation distances . 1-15 Considerations related to specific functional requirements 1-19 Notification . 1-28 The effect of new
34、larger aeroplanes on existing airports . 1-28 Chapter 2 . Holdings bays and other bypasses . . 2-1 2.1 Need for holding bays and other bypasses 2-1 2- 1 1.3 Rapid exit taxiways (RETS) 1-30 2.2 Types of bypasses General . 1-30 Location and number of exit taxiways 1-31 Geometric design . 1-36 2.3 Comm
35、on design requirements and characteristics 2-6 2-6 2.4 Size and location of holding bays . 1.4 Taxiways on bridges 1-36 2.5 Holding bay marking and lighting 2-7 General . 1-36 Siting 1-37 Dimensions . 1-37 Gradients . 1-37 Baring strength 1-38 Lateral restraint 1-38 Blast protection . 1-38 3-1 Chapt
36、er3 . Aprons . 3.1 Types of aprons 3-1 Passenger terminal apron Cargo terminal apron 3-1 3-1 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-vi Aerodrome Design Manual . Page
37、 Remote parking apron . 3-1 Service and hangar aprons 3-1 General aviation aprons 3-1 3.2. Design requirements 3-2 Safey 3-2 Efciency . 3-2 Geometry . 3-2 Flexibility . 3-2 Common design characteristics 3-3 3.3 Basic terminai apron layouts 3-3 General considerations 3-3 Passenger loading 3-4 Passeng
38、er terminai apron concepts . 3-4 3.4 Sizeofaprons . 3-7 General . 3-7 Aircraft size . 3-7 Traffic volumes . 3-8 Clearance requirements 3-10 Types of aircraft stand ingress and egress 3-10 Aircraft ground servicing 3-12 Taxiways and service roads . 3-12 Page Factors affecting the size of the de-icing
39、anti-icing facility . 3-14 Factors affecting the number of de-icinganti-icing pads 3-15 Environmental considerations . 3-15 Chapter 4 . Segregation of traffic on the movement area . 4-1 4.1 Need for traffic segregation 4-1 4.2 Activities causing a mix of aircraft and ground vehicles 4-1 4.3 Methods
40、to achieve segregation . 4-1 Exclusion . 4-2 Service roads for ground vehicles . 4-2 Fixed servicing installations 4-2 Markings . 4-4 Appendix 1 . Fillet design APP 1-1 Appendm 2 . Jet blast and blast fence considerations . APP 2-1 Appendix 3 . Aeroplane classification by code number and letter . AP
41、P 3-1 3.5 Apron guidance 3-12 Appendix 4 . Taxiway deviation studies . APP 4-1 3.6 De-icinglanti-icing facilities 3-14 Location 3-14 Appendm 5 . of rapid exit taxiways . APP Il Design. location and number Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot
42、for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Chapter 1 TAXIWAYS 1.1 TAXIWAY SYSTEMS Functional requirements 1.1.1 Maximum capacity and efficiency of an aero- drome are realized only by obtaining the proper balance between the need for runways, passenger and cargo te
43、rmi- nals, and aircraft storage and servicing areas. These sepa- rate and distinct aerodrome functional elements are linked by the taxiway system. The components of the taxiway system therefore serve to link the aerodrome functions and are necessary to develop optimum aerodrome utilization. 1.1.2 Th
44、e taxiway system should be designed to minimize the restriction of aircraft movement to and from the runways and apron areas. A properly designed system should be capable of maintaining a smooth, continuous flow of aircraft ground traffic at the maximum practical speed with a minimum of acceleration
45、 or deceleration. This requirement ensures that the taxiway system will operate at the highest levels of both safety and efficiency. 1.1.3 For any given aerodrome, the taxiway system should be able to accommodate (without significant delay) the demands of aircraft arrivals and departures on the runw
46、ay system. At low levels of runway utilization the taxiway system can accomplish this with a minimum num- ber of components. However, as the runway acceptance rate increases, the taxiway system capacity must be sufficiently expanded to avoid becoming a factor which limits aero- drome capacity. In th
47、e extreme case of runway capacity sat- uration, when aircraft are amving and departing at the minimum separation distances, the taxiway system should allow aircraft to exit the runway as soon as practical after landing and to enter the runway just before take-off. This enables aircraft movements on
48、the runway to be maintained at the minimum separation distance. Planning principles 1.1.4 Runways and taxiways are the least flexible of the aerodrome elements and must therefore be considered first when planning aerodrome development. Forecasts of future activity should identify changes in the rate of aircraft movements, the nature of the traffic, type of aircraft and any other factors affecting the layout and dimensioning of the runway and taxiway systems. Care should be taken not to place so much attention on the present needs of the system that later phases of develo
