1、2010 年大连外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、判断题1 If we are not fully aware of the nature and mechanism of our language, we will be ignorant of what constitutes our essential humanity.（A）True（B） False2 A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound and cannot be further analyzed.（A）True（B） False3 Anthropological ling
2、uistics refers to the approach which studies language over various periods of time and at various historical stages.（A）True（B） False4 The features that define our human languages can be called distinctive features.（A）True（B） False5 The stimulus-response model provides the point of departure for beha
3、viorist research.（A）True（B） False6 Voice is a grammatical category of verbs which expresses the subjective attitude of the speaker towards the state of affairs described by the utterance.（A）True（B） False7 “ The ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language“ defined by Chomskv is communicative c
4、ompetence.（A）True（B） False8 AUTHORIAL STYLE looks closely at how linguistic choices help to construct textual meaning. When we examine it, we will need to examine linguistic choices which are intrinsically connected with meaning and effect on the reader.（A）True（B） False9 Phonetic similarity means th
5、at the allophones of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance.（A）True（B） False10 Slips of the tongue or pen made by either foreign language learners or native speakers are generally referred to as lapses.（A）True（B） False11 A lingua franca has to be a native language currently spoken by a partic
6、ular people.（A）True（B） False12 Manner of articulation is the only way by which we tell whether a sound is a consonant or not.（A）True（B） False13 Noun phrases, verb phrases and prepositional phrases usually form endocentric constructions.（A）True（B） False14 Embedding is the means by which one clause is
7、 included in the main clause in syntactic subordination.（A）True（B） False15 Meaning is extracted from text or speech by relating what is presented to information stored in short-term memory.（A）True（B） False16 In English some books is a case of number concord.（A）True（B） False17 The belief that speaker
8、s of different languages perceive and experience the world differently is the notion of language relativism.（A）True（B） False18 A single phoneme always represents a single morpheme.（A）True（B） False19 Blending is a form of compounding, in which a new word is created by cutting the final part, initial
9、part or cutting both the initial and the final of a word.（A）True（B） False20 Parole is the term used by Saussure to refer to utterances.（A）True（B） False二、填空题21 The r_ theory is a theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the real world.22 R_ is the term used in linguistics to describe
10、the relationship between a particular style of language and its context of use.23 V_is made with the back of the tongue and the soft palate. An example in English is kas in cat.24 Evidence in support of lateralization for language in the left hemisphere of the brain comes from researches in d_listen
11、ing tasks.25 A major theory in p_ is the theory of conversational implicature, proposed by Grice.26 In the aspect of sense relation, when a word is a hyponym of itself, it is called an a_.27 Bound morphemes contain two types; roots and a_ .28 The p_function of language can extend to the control of r
12、eality as on some magical or religious occasions.29 Foreign language learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning the foreign language and this is called language t_.30 When two words are c_ antonyms, one always presupposes the other. 三、单项选择题31 _function constructs a model of expe
13、rience and logical relations.（A）Interpersonal（B） Textual（C） Metalingual（D）Ideational32 _ is not the term used to classify the English consonants in terms of manner of articulation.（A）Approximant（B） Lateral（C） Plosive（D）Bilabial33 In the following word _, the articulation of bilabial is not manifeste
14、d.（A）pet（B） met（C） how（D）web34 Triphthongal glides in English can be heard in the word _.（A）tide（B） toy（C） how（D）wire35 In the words maps, dogs, watches, mice and sheep, each of/s/, /z/, /iz/, /ai/ and /i:/ is a(an)_of the plural form.（A）allomorph（B） allophone（C） similar phoneme（D）counter phoneme36
15、In the word international, national is _.（A）a suffix（B） a root（C） a stem（D）a prefix37 The agent of the sentence Sam was hit by a truck running behind a car is_.（A）a car（B） Sam（C） a truck（D）none of the above38 The following statements are in accordance with Hallidays opinions on language EXCEPT_.（A）T
16、he use of language involves a network of systems of choices（B） Language is never used as a mere mirror of reflected thought（C） Language is a system of abstract forms and signs（D）Language functions as a piece of human behavior39 Componential Analysis is a way proposed by the _ semanticists to analyze
17、 the word meaning.（A）structural（B） cognitive（C） behavioral（D）functional40 Of the following pairs of words, _belongs to the type of complementary antonyms.（A）employer/employee（B） captive/free（C） rich/poor（D）fast/ slow41 The following are factors that help to produce near synonyms EXCEPT_.（A）conceptua
18、l difference（B） stylistic difference（C） dialectal difference（D）connotative difference42 The research purposes of sociolinguistics include all the following EXCEPT .（A）to generalize the societal rules that explain and constrain language behavior（B） to discover the relationship between speakers social
19、 status and their phonological variations（C） to determine the symbolic value of language varieties for their speakers（D）to draw inferences about the relationship between register and kinds of change in language43 The presence of a conversational implicature relies on all the following factors EXCEPT
20、_.（A）the Principle of Manner（B） the conventional meaning of words used（C） the CP（D）the linguistic and situational contexts44 The following statement “There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a Frenchman“ is an example of_.（A）metonymy（B） synecdoche（C） antonomasia（D）personificat
21、ion45 The utility of the corpus is increased when it has been_.（A）encoded（B） sorted（C） annotated（D）programmed46 To know how much a learner has mastered the content of a particular course, a teacher should set up _test.（A）an aptitude（B） an achievement（C） a diagnostic（D）a proficiency47 The opinion tha
22、t “Errors show that the learner has not changed his mother tongue habits into desired habits of the new language“ is very likely to be held by_.（A）structuralists（B） functional grammarians（C） transformational-generative grammarians（D）formalists48 Which of the following findings concerning basic proce
23、sses in reading is NOT true?（A）The reader is believed to carry out the processes required to understand each word and its relationship to previous words in the sentence as soon as that word is encountered.（B） The readers eyes move across a page of text smoothly.（C） The perceptual span encompasses fe
24、wer letters to the left of fixation but more to the right.（D）The perceptual span covers almost 20 letters.49 Firth did not regard language as _.（A）a social process（B） a set of agreed-upon semiotics and signals（C） a means of doing things and making others do things（D）a means of social life50 MOOD and
25、 MODALITY in Systemic Functional Grammar help to realize_function.（A）ideational（B） textual（C） interpersonal（D）metalingual51 In a syllable, a vowel often serves as _.（A）Peak or Nucleus（B） Onset（C） Coda（D）stress52 In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into _.（A）grammatical
26、 words and lexical words（B） content words and lexical words（C） grammatical words and function words（D）full words and empty words53 Poly-morphemic words other than compounds may be divided into _.（A）roots and affixes（B） bound morphemes and free morphemes（C） free morphemes（D）roots and free morphemes54
27、 _can best describe the following group of words; fryfried, Sunday + school Sunday school.（A）Inflection and compound（B） Compound and derivation（C） Inflection and derivation（D）Derivation and blending55 In English, CASE is a special form of the noun which frequently corresponds to a combination of pre
28、position and noun, and it is realized in all the following channels EXCEPT_.（A）inflection（B） following a preposition（C） word order（D）following an adjective56 Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leechs seven types of meaning?（A）Connotative meaning（B） Referential meaning（C） Contextual meaning
29、（D）Affective meaning57 _ studies the internal structure of simple propositions.（A）Predicate calculus（B） Prepositional calculus（C） Sentential calculus（D）Truth value58 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, also called as Linguistic determinism, has alternatively been referred to as _.（A）linguistic resemblance（B） li
30、nguistic relativity（C） linguistic universality（D）linguistic rationality59 Four categories of Maxims in Grices Cooperative Principle include all the following EXCEPT（A）MANNER（B） RELATION（C） CANCELLABILITY（D）QUANTITY60 The following are MT research methods EXCEPT_.（A）The linguistic approach（B） The int
31、erlingual approach（C） The transfer approach（D）The corpus-based61 The sense relation which holds the pair of words herethere is（A）homonymy（B） complementary antonymy（C） gradable antonymy（D）converse antonymy62 The sense relation which holds the pair of words beforeafter is _.（A）homonymy（B） complementar
32、y antonymy（C） gradable antonymy（D）converse antonymy63 The sense relation which holds the pair of words sweetsuite is _.（A）homonymy（B） complementary antonymy（C） gradable antonymy（D）synonymy64 The sense relation which holds the pair of words richerpoorer is _.（A）homonymy（B） complementary antonymy（C） g
33、radable antonymy（D）converse antonymy65 The sense relation which holds the pair of words morning starevening star is _.（A）synonymy（B） hyponymy（C） gradable antonymy（D）homonymy66 The sense relation which holds the pair of words potato chipsjunk food is _.（A）synonymy（B） hyponymy（C） homonymy（D）converse a
34、ntonymy67 In plain English CAUSE(x,(HAVE(x,y)means _.（A）x gives y x（B） x does not have y（C） x causes y not to have x（D）x causes x not to have y68 The connective implication corresponds to the English _.（A）if.then（B） if and only if.（C） “and“（D）or69 Cognitive linguists look at the sentence I fell into
35、 a depression as a case of _ metaphors.（A）ontological（B） structural（C） orientational（D）vertical70 Pair_falls into the syntagmatic association.（A）penwrite（B） blackwhite（C） judgeguard（D）farmharm四、简答题71 Use your linguistic knowledge of sense relations to explain what makes the following humorous.(10 po
36、ints)a. Question; Why was Six afraid? Answer; Because Seven Eight Nine.b. Education kills by degrees.72 What design feature/s of language does each of the following language phenomena show? Explain briefly why you think so.(20 points)a. cirencircle or circularb. 我感冒了 = I have a cold / I caught a col
37、d.(English) = Hargab baa ku haya.(Somali) = T slaghdn ort.(Irish) = .(Korean)c. 小虎：妈妈，我昨晚梦见你带我去迪斯尼乐园了。d. As captain of the plane, Helen took her place in the henpit and started the engine.73 Specify what interdisciplinary study(branch of macrolinguistics)or branch of linguistic study will most likel
38、y deal with each of the following research questions.(10 points)A. Which lexeme has the highest frequency on the data?B. What factors have brought new words into our daily use of the language?C. Is it possible to use this device to recognize the kidnappers voice among thousands of calls you get ever
39、yday?D. What are the drawbacks of using logical forms to translate a complex sentence?E. What are the differences between real-world tasks and pedagogical tasks?F. Does the universal quantifier presuppose the existence of an entity named by the argument?G. What factors will cancel the presence of a
40、conversational implicature?H. How does language represent the way human beings perceive and conceptualize the world? I. Is touchable in the word untouchable a stem or a root with a suffix?J. In what kind of context the production of a sound will be influenced by a neighboring sound?74 Use the underl
41、ined sentences in the following dialogue as examples to explain the functions of language.(10 points)Tom: Ive got an extra ticket for the opera on Saturday. Do you know anyone who might like to go? Mary: Not offhand. But Ill ask around. Tom; Well, thanks.Mary; Hey, come to think of it, Im free! Id l
42、ove to go. Tom; Great! Do you mind driving? Mary; Not at all. Pick you up at seven?75 Use your knowledge of morphology to invent a brand name for a pet shampoo which will be marketed in English speaking countries. Explain your reasons.(10 points)76 In the English speaking world, there is variation i
43、n the use of “-ing“ in words such as morning, and laughing. The variants arethe standard variantandin, a nonstandard variant. The following table shows the results of a study which investigated whether the sex of addresser had an effect on which variant was used by two informants when they greeted p
44、eople with “Morning, or Good morning“.How would you account for these findings?(20 points)2010 年大连外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案与解析一、判断题1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查学习语言学的原因。如果不能完全理解语言的本质和结构，我们就会对人类的本质一无所知。2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查音位的概念。音位是音系学研究的一个基本单位，是一组语音特征的抽象集合体，具有区别意义的作用，可以对其进行进一步的分析。3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查人类语言学的定义。人类语言学用人类
45、学的理论和方法研究人类语言的变化和语言在人类文化模式和信仰中的运用。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查语言的区别性特征。语言的区别性特征(The Design Features of Language)是指人类语言区别于任何其他动物交流系统的特点。5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查刺激一反应理论和行为主义理论。行为主义的理论基础是认为人类无法认识他们所未经历之事，从这个观点出发，儿童和成人对语言的学习和使用都是通过“刺激一反应”过程进行的；在行为主义者的方法论进入语言学研究之后，描写语言学得到了长足发展，认为语言描写才是可靠的。6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查语态。语态是一个语法
46、范畴，它是用来表示主语和谓语动词之间关系的一种形式。7 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查交际能力的定义。根据乔姆斯基的说法，交际能力指的是理想的语言使用者所具有的语法知识，与具体环境中语言的实际使用没有任何关系。8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查文本风格的概念。文本风格研究的是语言选择如何帮助构建文本意义。当我们观察文本风格的时候，我们需要观察其语言的选择；这些选择从本质上来说与意义相联系，并会影响读者。9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查发音相似性。发音相似性指的是一个音位的音位变体在语音上必须相似。10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查偏误的定义。偏误指母语操持者或外语学习者在使
47、用语言时发生的笔误或口误。11 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查族际通用语的定义。族际通用语是各自说不同语言的人群进行交际所使用的语言。12 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查辅音的分类方法。辅音的分类可以有两种方式：根据发音方式和根据发音部位。13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查向心结构的构成。向心结构是指一个其分布功能可以等于其中一个充当主词或中心词的成分的结构。所以，向心结构又叫做主词结构。一般来说，向心结构多为名词短语、动词短语和形容词短语。14 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查嵌入的定义。在句法的层次上，嵌入指的是一个从句被包含在另一个主要从句中。15 【正确答案】 B【试题
48、解析】 考查语言理解中的意义提取。意义是从语篇或言语中提取的，它通过把语篇或言语中呈现的信息与长时记忆中储存的信息相联系，从而提取出意义。16 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 考查一致关系。一致关系又名协同关系，指的是两个或更多位于一定语法关系中的词，要在某些范畴上互相保持一致的形式。在英语中，限定词和名词在数上应该保持一致。17 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说。这一假说认为，语言影响我们对世界的看法，它主要有两方面的内容：第一，语言决定论语言有可能决定我们的思维方式；第二，语言相对论语言之间的相似性是相对的，结构差异越大，人们认识世界的方式越多样。18 【正确答案】 B【
49、试题解析】 考查音位和语素的概念。音位是音系学研究的一个基本单位，是一组语音特征的抽象集合体，而语素是最小的语言单位，不能再进一步分成更小的单位而不破坏或彻底改变词汇意义或语法意义，所以一个单独音位并不总是能代表一个单独语素。19 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查混成法的概念。混成法是一种相对复杂的构词法，由两个单词混合而成，一般把第一个单词的开头部分和第二个单词的最后部分连接起来，或者是把两个单词的开头部分连接起来。20 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 考查言语的概念。言语是指语言在实际使用中的实现。二、填空题21 【正确答案】 referential【试题解析】 考查指称论。指称论是把词语意义跟它所指称或代表的事物联系起来的理论。22 【正确答案】 Registe
