1、2010 年天津外国语大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、填空题1 The only organic whole poem to come out of the Anglo-Saxons period is_, an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.2 “ A little learning is a dangerous thing/Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian sping,“ a famous quotation is from An Essay on
2、 Criticism written by_, the high priest and magistrate of the Age of Reason.3 The 16th century in the history of English literature is viewed as a great period of Elizabethan drama, which witnessed the birth of two great playwrights; William Shakespeare and_.4 John Bunyan, a village tinker, with his
3、 strength and sincerity inscribed his name in the English literary history by his famous work_written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.5 The famous English critic Mathew Arnold called the 18th century in Britain “an age of prose“. In this period, no novelists were as popular
4、 and well known as_.6 Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele are always remembered together because they started a journalistic tradition that is still alive in Britain and the United State. Their collaboration on a series of essays for the Taller and the_strongly influenced 18th century English tast
5、e and opinion.7 Like Ibsen,_was much concerned about the social problems of his time. His career as a dramatist began in 1892, when his first play_was put on and turned out a success.8 Modernist writers such as James Joyce and Virginia Wolf approached the internal world of characters in their novels
6、 by the technique of “stream of consciousness“ which means_.9 According to historians of English literature, the First World War saw the start of a poetic revolution which was initiated by the imagist movement and the symbolist movement. The imagist movement was led by_.10 The revolution of the Brit
7、ish drama came in the decade following the ending of the World War II. The tremors in the post-war British theatre were caused by Samuel Becketts play _.11 Edgar Allan Poes stories fall into two categories;_and “tales of ratiocination“.12 “ The greatest delight which the fields and woods minister, i
8、s the suggestion of an occult relation between man and the vegetable. I am not alone and unacknowledged. They nod to me, and I to them. The waving of the boughs in the storm, is new to me and old. It takes me by surprise, and yet is not unknown. Its effect is like that of a higher thought or a bette
9、r emotion coming over me, when I deemed I was thinking justly or doing right.Yet it is certain that the power to produce this delight, does not reside in _, but in _, or in a harmony of both. It is necessary to use these pleasures with great temperance. “13 In Emily Dickinsons poem Because I Could n
10、ot Stop for Death, she uses personification to compare death to_.14 In William Dean Howells _, the burning of the house symbolizes the protagonists economic fall but he achieves his moral and ethical rise.15 Allen Ginsbergs _(1956), William S. Burroughss Naked Lunch(1959)and Jack Kerouacs On the Roa
11、d(1957)are considered to be the literary representatives of the_of the 1950s.16 The Southern Renaissance was the reinvigoration of American Southern literature that began in the 1920s and 1930s with the appearance of, among others, novelist_, playwright _, short-story writer Katherine Anne Porter.17
12、 The concept of “double consciousness“ which has beeh widely employed in the literary criticism of ethnic American literatures originated from the enduring classic The Souls of Black Folk(1903) by_.18 In_by Arthur Miller, the main character_s determination to live up to his “American Dream“ and only
13、 to seek material happiness takes his life. 19 _by J.D.Salinger reflects the moral crisis and disillusionment of the post-war American society. 20 “The suits on Wall Street walked off with most of our savings. “ The figure of speech used in the sentence is_.二、问答题21 Charles Lamb is sometimes called t
14、he Shakespeare of the English essay. Do you agree or disagree on the statement? Give details to support your argument.22 British romanticism is a very important literary trend in the history of the English literature. Scholars singled out six major poets in this period of time: Wordsworth, Coleridge
15、, Byron, Shelly, Keats and Blake and constructed the basic notions of a unified Romanticism. What are the basic notions of Romanticism? Illustrate these notions of Romanticism with one or two examples.23 How do Ichabod Crane and Brom Bones in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow embody two different value sy
16、stems?24 Give the importance of mobility in the ideological underpinnings of America, it is hardly surprising to find that American literature has from its beginnings been“a literature of movement, of motion, its great icons the track through forest and superhighway. “ Please name one novel from the
17、 canonical American literature to elaborate on the theme of mobility.2010 年天津外国语大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷答案与解析一、填空题1 【正确答案】 Beowulf【试题解析】 贝尔武夫于公元 5 世纪时已开始口头传诵，约 8 世纪时成书。贝尔武夫是英雄叙事长诗，全诗长 3，183 行。本诗以西撒克斯方言写成，押头韵，不押尾韵，用双字隐喻而不用明喻。是现存古英语文学中最古老的作品，是流传至今最完整的一部欧洲史诗，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。2 【正确答案】 Alexander Pope【试题解析】 论批评是英国 18
18、世纪古典主义代表作家亚历山大蒲伯的作品，蒲伯感慨文学批评缺少真正的趣味，推崇荷马、维吉尔等古典作家的诗论，认为“模仿自然就是模仿他们”。批评论以双行押韵体写作，宣扬古典主义诗论，表达机智、精辟，后成为英国古典主义文学理论的宣言性著作。3 【正确答案】 Christopher Marlowe【试题解析】 马洛享有“英国悲剧之父”的美誉。他是莎士比亚之前英国戏剧界最重要的人物。马洛共写了 7 部剧本，均属悲剧或带有悲剧意味的历史剧：帖木儿(Timerlane)、浮士德博士的悲剧(The TragicalHistory of Doctor Faustus)、马耳他的犹太人(The Jew of Ma
19、lta) 、爱德华二世(Edward II)和巴黎的大屠杀(The Massacre at Paris)等。4 【正确答案】 The Pilgrims Progress【试题解析】 17 世纪英国清教徒约翰班扬因不信奉国教，被关押在狱十二年之久。天路历程为他在狱中用心血凝成的杰作，书中一个坚韧的基督徒为寻求永生而踏上荆棘遍布的漫漫长旅，充满危险、诱惑与灾难的尘世被他一步步抛弃，只为负罪的灵魂在天上得到迎接。5 【正确答案】 Francis Bacon【试题解析】 弗朗西斯培根(156l1626)是英国文艺复兴时期的代表人物，他是杰出的哲学家、科学家及散文家。他的培根散文集被誉为英语散文发展的重
20、要里程碑。6 【正确答案】 Spectator【试题解析】 闲谈者(Tatler)1709 年 4 月 12 日由斯梯尔创办。兼有政治性和文艺性，每期两页，每周发行三次。以戏剧、轻松论文、文艺作品为主的内容吸引了大批读者。1711 年因政治原因停刊。闲谈者停办后，斯梯尔和艾狄生合办旁观者(Spectatory)。该刊笔调轻松、乐观、富于趣味，娓娓谈论人生问题，指导读者的道德观，易于被人们接受。旁观者是当时发行量最大的杂志，1712年因印花税颁布停刊。7 【正确答案】 George Bernard Shaw, Widowers Houses【试题解析】 萧伯纳，爱尔兰剧作家，1925 年“因为作
21、品具有理想主义和人道主义”而获诺贝尔文学奖，是英国现代杰出的现实主义戏剧作家。萧伯纳戏剧的最突出特点是紧密结合现实政治斗争，敢于触及资本主义社会最本质的问题，把剥削阶级的丑恶嘴脸暴露在公众面前。鳏夫的房产是其第一部戏剧，被收录在不愉快的戏剧集(Plays Unpleasant)中。8 【正确答案】 the continuous flow of sense-perceptions, thoughts, feelings in the human mind 9 【正确答案】 Ezra Pound【试题解析】 埃兹拉庞德是意象派运动的主要发起人，也是现代文学的领军人物。意象派的宗旨是要求诗人以鲜明、
22、准确、含蓄和高度凝练的意象生动及形象地展现事物，并将诗人瞬息间的思想感情表现在诗行中。它反对发表议论及感叹。10 【正确答案】 Waiting for Godot【试题解析】 等待戈多是一个两幕剧，出场人物只有 5 个。全剧的主题就是两个百无聊赖的人在等待“戈多”，而戈多却始终没有出现。剧情上没有任何发展，结尾是开端的重复，没有冲突，只有一些乱无头绪的对话。舞台的背景也显得简陋、压抑，令人窒息。它是贝克特的代表作，也是荒诞派戏剧的奠基之作。11 【正确答案】 “ tales of terror“【试题解析】 爱伦坡是 19 世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家。他既是推理侦探小说的鼻祖，也是恐怖小
23、说的大师。他的恐怖故事包括红死病的假面具(The Masque of the Red Death)、厄舍府的倒塌(The Fallof the House of Usher)等，他的推理小说有莫格街谋杀案(The Murders in the Rue Morgue)、被窃之信(The Purloined Letter)等。12 【正确答案】 nature, man【试题解析】 本文选自爱默生的论自然。论自然是爱默生的第一部重要哲学著作，最初发表于 1836 年。它虽非作者成熟之作，但却集超验主义思想之大成，有新英格兰超验主义宣言的美称。13 【正确答案】 human being【试题解析】 因
24、为我不能停下来等待死神是美国女诗人狄金森的名诗，诗中她想象了自己的死亡，独自一人随死神的马车穿过学生课间休息的学校(象征童年)，越过成熟的田野( 象征成年)，看到夕阳西下( 象征晚年)，直到在冰冷的坟墓里待了几个世纪，才发现死神的马车是朝向永恒(意味着诗人的灵魂得到永生)。14 【正确答案】 The Rise of Silas Lapham【试题解析】 豪拉斯拉帕姆的发迹是豪威尔斯的代表作，也是他最有戏剧色彩、最受读者欢迎的作品。小说描写了一个做矿漆生意发迹的商人拉帕姆。他勤勤恳恳 i 兢兢业业，靠自己的双手勤俭起家。他成了百万富翁之后，便着手在波士顿的豪华地段建造一幢豪宅。但是，就在他春风得
25、意的时候，他的矿漆生意却面临破产。这时他本可把自己的厂子卖给一家英国公司，但考虑到铁路公司插手会使买主受损，他不愿意损人利己，不想把灾难转嫁他人，而是甘愿自己倾家荡产，最后领着家人回到乡下。在这里，小说突出表现了作者以伦理道德为重的人生哲学。拉帕姆用巨资建造的豪宅象征着物质上的“发迹”，豪宅毁于一旦后，他落得一无所有，但他却因此而迎来了另一种“发迹”他在道德上、精神上得到了升华。15 【正确答案】 Howl, Beat writing【试题解析】 嚎叫是金斯堡最著名的诗作，同时也是“垮掉的一代”的代表作之一。全诗共分三章，通篇是怨气冲天的牢骚、愤慨不平的责问、狂怒的批评和无可奈何的哀诉，带着强
26、烈的冲动，表现出美国青年在资本主义非人化的世界中的敏感，急躁心情和忧郁、彷徨的态度。这首长诗的主调是绝望和愤恨。作者尖锐地批判了缺乏人性的商业文化，歌颂并肯定了一切生命，包括那些卑贱的，受到灾难袭击的人们。字里行间集中了愤怒的“嚎叫”，并使之宣泄。16 【正确答案】 William Faulkner, Tennessee Williams【试题解析】 美国南北战争后出现在南方的一种严肃而带有悲剧性的文学，被称为“南方文艺复兴”，南方作家重视家庭、宗教和传统道德观念，对南方的过去和现在有着深刻思考，重农轻工，对工业文明有些强烈的疏远和排斥。17 【正确答案】 William Edward Bur
27、ghardt Du Bois(W. E.B. Du Bois)【试题解析】 杜波依斯是 20 世纪上半叶最有影响力的黑人知识分子，其著作黑人的灵魂写于 1903 年，其中杜波依斯用“双重意识”这一概念解释黑人经验，认为美国黑人在文化身份上表现为既是黑人又是美国人这两种相互冲突的认证。18 【正确答案】 Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman19 【正确答案】 Catcher in the Rye20 【正确答案】 metonymy【试题解析】 转喻(metonymy)是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物的一种修辞手
28、段。转喻的重点不在“相似”，而在“联想”。除了题中的“西装”代替“穿西装的商人”，还可以用“华盛顿”代替“美国政府”，“刀剑”代表“军事力量”等。二、问答题21 【正确答案】 Im quiet agree on the statement. In my opinion, Lambs greatest achievements are his remarkable words in the essays that he writes under the pseudonym Elia. His style is highly personal and mannered, its function
29、being to create and delineate the persona of Elia, and the writing, though sometimes simple, is never plain. The essays conjure up, with humors(such as A Dissertation upon Roast Pig)and sometimes with pathos(such as Dream Children); they also recall scenes from childhood and from later life, and the
30、y indulge the authors sense of playfulness and fancy. Beneath their whimsical surface, Lambs essays are as much an expression of Romantic movement as the verse of Coleridge and Wordsworth. Elias love of urban and suburban subject matter points ahead toward the work of Charles Dickens.【试题解析】 兰姆写过诗歌、评
31、论，但是最大的成就是随笔。他的随笔的最大特点是笔调亲切，富有生活气息和人情味。兰姆不像 18 世纪的散文家，爱讲大道理，阐发哲学思想，而好谈生活琐事和知识性的题材，他的随笔大多与他的经历密切相关，文体富有个人特色，兰姆的随笔后来收为两个集子伊利亚随笔集(1823)和后期随笔集 (1833)。他以随笔集的笔名“伊利亚”闻名于世。22 【正确答案】 The basic idea of Romanticism is that reason cannot explain everything. In reaction to the cult of rationality that is the Enl
32、ightenment, Romantics searched for deeper, often subconscious appeals. The basic notions of Romanticism are;(1)Contrasted distinctly with the traditional arguments for the supremacy of reason, the Romantics tends to define and present the imagination as our ultimate “shaping“ or creative power, the
33、approximate human equivalent of the creative powers of nature or even deity. Wordsworth suggests, for example, we not only perceive the world around us, but also in part create it, so imagination is the primary faculty for creating all art.(2)Nature is viewed as “ organic,“ rather than, as in the sc
34、ientific or rationalist view, as a system of “ mechanical“ laws, for Romanticism displaces the rationalist view of the universe as a machine with the analogue of an “organic“ image. At the same time, Romantics give greater attention to both describing natural phenomena accurately and to capturing “s
35、ensuous nuance“ , so Wordsworth writes To the Cuckoo, and Keats gives Ode to a Nightingale.(3)The Romantics asserted the importance of the individual and self, and they oppose the character typology of neoclassical drama, so Romanticism creates its own literary types. For example, there are outcasts
36、 from Cain to the Ancient Mariner.23 【正确答案】 Ichabod Crane is a precocious, effete New Englander, shrewd, commercial, a city-slicker, who is rather an interloper, a somewhat destructive force, and who comes along to swindle the villagers. His book learning turns on him, and he is driven away from whe
37、re he does not belong, so that the serene village remains permanently good and happy. Brom Bones, on the other hand, is of a country bumpkin, rough, vigorous, boisterous but inwardly very good, a frontier type. Thus the rivalry in love between Ichabod and Browm assumes the dimensions of different va
38、lue system.【试题解析】 睡谷的传说是华盛顿欧文的经典小说，故事发生在约 1790年美国纽约州东南部一个荷兰人聚居的村庄塔里镇，镇里流传很多鬼故事，其中最知名的是无头骑士的故事。来自康涅狄格州的傲慢男教员伊奇博德克瑞恩(Ichabod Crane)和同村里的另一个青年布鲁姆冯布朗特(Brom Bones)争夺当地一位富农女儿的芳心，结果布朗特巧用无头骑士的传说吓跑了克瑞恩，娶到了心上人。24 【正确答案】 America has long been known as the land of opportunities, where life should be better and
39、richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunities for each according to ability or achievement. As a part of the American dream, the mobility is closely related to the ideological underpinnings of America. Because the ability for an individual to become wealthy out of poverty does indicate the soci
40、al mobility. We can clearly see this kind of mobility in Dreisers Sister Carrie.Furthermore, since driving offers an important mobility optioh for most Americans, the ability to move or travel is associated with freedom, activity and choice, which are other important parts of American ideology. Take
41、 Jack Kerouacs On the Road for example, it is a largely autobiographical work that is based on the spontaneous road trips of Kerouac and his friends across America. On the Road gave voice to a rising, dissatisfied fringe of the young generation between the late forties and early fifties. In the novel, young people choose their own lifestyle freely. Their feelings, ideas, and experiences are remarkably fresh as expressions of restless, idealistic youth who yearn for something more than the bland conformity of a generally prosperous society.
