1、2011 年四川外国语大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、填空题1 In Canton, he commented, a common language would have been a more important_than race.(criteria)2 He had focused upon one contemporary_of a fundamental problem, the roots of which are as deep as American history itself.(manifest)3 Although I have used my under
2、standing of Asian American social history to interpret the literature, I have focused on the evolution of Asian American consciousness and self-image as_in the literature.(express)4 _policies and attitudes towards the different groups have often been quite similar, as have the responses to these pol
3、icies and attitudes among them.(race)5 One of the fundamental barriers to_Asian American literary self-expression has been the existence of race stereotypes about Asians in American popular culture.(understand)6 By studying Asian American literature, readers can learn about the Asian American experi
4、ence from the point of view of those who_lived it.(have)7 The inexact and inconsistent translations of Christian missionaries were responsible for many of the odd renderings_to the Chinese.(attribute)8 They tended to depict the Chinese as a helpless and pathetic or enigmatic people, and used Chinese
5、 characters primarily to expose the _ and follies of white men, who were their major concern.(ignore)9 Just as the portrayal of the helpless Asian heathen serves to illustrate the beneficence and strength of the white missionary, the docile and seductive Asian woman is a foil for the virility and _o
6、f the white male.(attract)10 Not only is the white man_to the Asian woman in Anglo-American literature; in several romances and short stories, the Asian man is portrayed as dominated by desire for the unattainable white woman.(desire)11 While she is plagued by a sense of unworthiness and fascinated
7、by the idea of silent sacrifice, self-blame, and even martyrdom, she also_for acceptance.(long)12 As a young girl, she wants to be confirmed as Roman Catholic because she would be able to wear a white lace dress like a princess at the_.(confirm)13 In some cases, they banded together not merely to pr
8、otest Anglo discrimination or to assert their _as Asian Americans, but also to form a united front against their parents generation. (valid)14 The_of Chinese in the United States before 1949 were “married bachelors“ who had wives in China whom they saw once every ten or twenty years if they were for
9、tunate.(major)15 The overseas Chinese were commonly viewed as_by those in their home villages, who had very little idea of the hardships and social isolation endured by most Chinese in America.(benefit)16 A_observer of the people and events of his community, Mori searches for significance and beauty
10、 in the ordinary, for the general and universal within the particular.(sense)17 The grandfather who immigrates to Hawaii to work in the sugar cane fields carries with him the indomitable spirit and_of the Cantonese.(express)18 _, contemporary Asian American writers have contended that Asian American
11、 history has been distorted and misunderstood because it has been told by racists.(similar)19 The success of the feminist movement _ more women to pursue career paths and to postpone having children.(able)20 Since the successes of feminism in the 1970s, women have begun to exercise more control over
12、 their lives and move towards _ autonomy and independence as they strive for forms of personal fulfillment less dictated by old social pressures.(great)二、选择题21 The doctors dont_that he will live much longer.（A）articulate（B） anticipate（C） manifest（D）monitor22 I suggest we put the scheme into effect,
13、for it is quite_.（A）eligible（B） sustainable（C） probable（D）feasible23 The old gentleman was a very_looking person, with grey hair and gold spectacles.（A）respectful（B） respected（C） respective（D）respectable24 This book is expected to_the best-seller lists.（A）promote（B） prevail（C） dominate（D）exemplify25
14、 That part of the city has long been_for its street violence.（A）notorious（B） responsible（C） historical（D）illegal26 Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat _ by steam.（A）towed（B） pressed（C） tossed（D）propelled27 Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up
15、behind their desks, _ themselves.（A）expanding（B） stretching（C） prolonging（D）extending28 Englands team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to _ themselves for last years defeat.（A）revive（B） retort（C） revenge（D）remedy29 If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to _
16、 away all the rocks.（A）haul（B） transfer（C） repel（D）dispose30 It took us only a few hours to_the paper off all four walls.（A）shear（B） scrape（C） stroke（D）chip31 The famous scientist_his success to hard work.（A）imparted（B） granted（C） ascribed（D）acknowledged32 It is difficult to_of a plan to end poverty
17、.（A）speculate（B） conceive（C） ponder（D）reckon33 Now the cheers and applause _in a single sustained roar.（A）mingled（B） concentrated（C） assembled（D）permeated34 Improved consumer confidence is_to an economic recovery.（A）crucial（B） subordinate（C） cumulative（D）satisfactory35 Although the body is made up o
18、f many different tissues, these tissues are arranged in an _and orderly fashion.（A）incredible（B） intricate（C） internal（D）initial36 If you work under a car when repairing it, you often get very_.（A）waxy（B） slippery（C） sticky（D）greasy37 The damage to his car was_; therefore, he could repair it himself
19、.（A）considerable（B） appreciable（C） negligible（D）invisible38 My sister is quite_and plans to get an M.A. degree within one year.（A）aggressive（B） enthusiastic（C） considerate（D）ambitious39 The manager tried to wave aside these issues as_details that would be settled later.（A）versatile（B） trivial（C） pre
20、liminary（D）alternate40 His_ was telling him that something was wrong.（A）intuition（B） hypothesis（C） inspiration（D）sentiment三、简答题40 Based on the passages given in the section “ Reading Comprehension“ above, you are required to summarize each passage within 30 50 words. Write the answers on your Answer
21、 Sheet. 41 Passage 1: 42 Passage 2: 43 Passage 3:四、阅读理解43 AUSTRALIA S SPORTING SUCCESSAThey play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an exte
22、nsive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport(AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission(ASC), finances programs of excellence in a total
23、of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.BInside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and re
24、search centers. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in onesuch as building muscle strength in golfersto others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim; winning.
25、“We cant waste out time looking at ethereal scientific questions that dont help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance, “ says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.CA lot of their work comes down to measurementeverything from the exact angle of a swimmers dive to the second-by-seco
26、nd power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimeter there. No gain is too slight to bother with. Its the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to
27、 world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between
28、 strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Masons contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN(Swimming Analysis)system now used in Austral
29、ian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmers performance into factors that can be analyzed individuallystroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times,
30、and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.D“Take a look, “ says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of
31、a second down? “His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy, “ says Mason. “ If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better. “ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists research is bring to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technol
32、ogy in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athletes clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athletes ability to run. Theres more to it than simply measuring performance. F
33、licker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and clods 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes saliva
34、. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.EUsing data is a complex business.
35、Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a “competition model“ , based on what they expect will be the winning times. “You design the model to make that time, “ says Mason. “A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fas
36、t, with a certain stroke frequency and stoke length, with turns done in these times. “ All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the worlds most successfu
37、l sporting nation.FOf course, theres nothing to stop other countries copyingand many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1966, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists and rowers times. Now everyone uses
38、them. The same has happened to the “altitude tent“ , developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australias success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system. Questions 1-7Reading
39、 Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A - F. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the answers on your answer sheet. NB: You may use any letter more than once.44 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports45 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in inves
40、tigations46 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity47 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced48 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated49 an overview of the funded support of athletes50 how performance requirements are calculated before an event50 Classify the followin
41、g techniques according to whether the writer states theyA. are currently exclusively used by AustraliansB. will be used in the future by AustraliansC. are currently used by both Australians and their rivals Write the correct letter, A, B or C, on your answer sheet.51 cameras52 sensors53 altitude ten
42、ts53 Visual Symbols and the Blind Part 1From a number of recent studies, it has become clear that blind people can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to describe the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space. But pictures are more than literal representations. This fact was dra
43、wn to my attention dramatically when a blind woman in one of my investigations decided on her own initiative to draw a wheel as it was spinning. To show this motion, she traced a curve inside the circle(Fig. I). I was taken aback. Lines of motion, such as the one she used, are a very recent inventio
44、n in the history of illustration. Indeed as art scholar David Kunzle motes, Wilhelm Busch, a trend-setting nineteenth-century cartoonist, used virtually no motion lines in his popular figures until about 1877.When I asked several other blind study subjects to draw a spinning wheel, one particularly
45、clever rendition appeared repeatedly: several subjects showed the wheels spokes as curved lines. When asked about these curves, they all described them as metaphorical ways of suggesting motion. Majority rule would argue that this device somehow indicated motion very well. But was it a better indica
46、tor than, say, broken or wavy linesor any other kind of line, for that matter? The answer was not clear. So I decided to test whether various lines of motion were apt ways of showing movement or if they were merely idiosyncratic marks. Moreover, I wanted to discover whether there differences in how
47、the blind and the sighted interpreted lines of motion.To search out these answers, I created raised-line drawings of five different wheels, depicting spokes with lines that curved, bent, waved, dashed and extended beyond the perimeter of the wheel. I then asked eighteen blind volunteers to feel the
48、wheels and assign one of the following motions to each wheel; wobbling, spinning fast, spinning steadily, jerking or braking. My control group consisted of eighteen sighted undergraduates from the University of Toronto.All but one of the blind subjects assigned distinctive motions to each wheel. Mos
49、t guessed that the curved spokes indicated that the wheel was spinning steadily; the wavy spokes, they thought, suggested that the wheel was wobbling; and the bent spokes were taken as a sign that the wheel was jerking. Subjects assumed that spokes extending beyond the wheels perimeter signified that the wheel had its brakes on and that dash
