1、2011 年天津外国语大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、选择题1 I have discovered a new dimension to running: extreme marathons boasting the kind of experiences only possible in China.（A）bragging about（B） having sth. as a pride（C） delaying sth. for reasons（D）producing the effect of2 When a child meets a swindling tutor, th
2、e parents will lose money while the child will lose precious opportunities to move forward.（A）being intentional（B） being fraud（C） being mean（D）being restless3 On a drab street lined with low-rise shops and restaurants, Dandelion Middle School is hardly noticeable.（A）rising lowly（B） busy（C） noisy（D）f
3、lat4 In total, more than 13, 000 people have been evacuated to higher ground, and three temporary settlement centers, with government-installed tents, were set up on August 9.（A）withdrawn（B） alleviated（C） hollered（D）changed5 Chen warned against the possibility of home prices rebounding when low inte
4、rest rates are adopted to mitigate inflation.（A）plunging into（B） bouncing back（C） striking up（D）withdrawing6 China has boosted its buying of Japanese government bonds this year, snapping up a net $6 billion of mostly short-term notes between January and April, double the record amount logged for all
5、 of 2005 , said the Ministry of Finance of Japan.（A）taking up（B） smashing up（C） snatching up（D）pinching up7 An up-to-date guidebook, on-line resources, and personal contacts are where to get the lowdown on what goes where, when it goes and how reliable it is.（A）whole truth（B） protection（C） warning（D
6、）property8 The recent leadership adjustment in the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea was one of the worlds most attention-grabbing affairs.（A）energy-consuming（B） worshipping as sacred（C） attention-digressing（D）eye-catching9 To increase performance and win against Morgan Stanley, Chen decided to f
7、orge a short-lived alliance between Yongle and Dazhong Electronics, which brought Yongle to the brink of insolvency.（A）constitute（B） confront（C） form（D）remit10 But for me, none of this matched the experience of simply meandering around Pingyaos unheralded back streets.（A）hiking afar（B） jogging slowl
8、y（C） moving aimlessly（D）escorting carefully11 Trapped miners dramatically emerged after 69 days of underground imprisonment.（A）hindered（B） came up to the surface（C） accelerated（D）joined to the crowd12 China is the third country in the world to build rockets carrying manned spacecraft.（A）manufactured
9、（B） having human crew（C） man-made（D）affiliated to13 The three referees were detained in March, pushing the credibility of Chinese referees to an all-time low.（A）kept in custody（B） arrested（C） shut in prison（D）under investigation14 Chang-e 2 will eventually be maneuvered into an orbit just 15 km abov
10、e the Moon.（A）placed（B） manipulated（C） moved（D）emitted15 When we talk about giving universities greater autonomy to recruit students, people may be concerned about possible fraud and preferential treatment enjoyed by students from wealthy or powerful families.（A）deliberate deception（B） authoritative
11、 control（C） merciful rescue（D）intentional disguise16 This generates three potential English literacy challenges that separate Chinese students from foreign instructors.（A）produces（B） radiates（C） makes（D）shapes17 This cultural perspective disorients foreign teachers, who misperceive their students as
12、 passive and withdrawn.（A）perceives（B） conceives（C） misunderstand（D）processes18 Some esoteric fonts used by todays artists emulate monks who copied medieval manuscripts by hand.（A）complicated（B） mysterious（C） gibberish（D）cursive19 The application of 3G is on the upswing in China; however, the era of
13、 4G has also begun.（A）poke（B） dwindle（C） soar（D）rise20 Tower C of Office Park, a dazzling new office building in Beijings Central Business District, has been widely praised in the market for its superior quality and pleasant amenities after it was unveiled to the market at a press conference held in
14、 March 2010.（A）convenience（B） regularity（C） sight（D）outlook21 The miserable fate of Enrons employees Awill be a landmark in business history, Bone of those events Cthat everyone agrees Dmust never allow to happen again.22 ABasically, Bcomputerized data processing is much Cthe same as done by hand or
15、 Dby electromechanical methods.23 The potential profit, and the ease Aon which they can be made from insider trading, market manipulation, conflict-of-interest transactions Band many other illegal or unethical activities Care too great and too pervasive Dto be ignored.24 I lost my sight when I was f
16、our years old. It Aoccurred to me the other day that BI might not come to love life Cas I do if I Dhadnt been blind.25 AAmerican literary historians are perhaps Bprone to view their own national scene too Cnarrowly, Dmistake prominence for uniqueness.26 One argument Ais used to support the idea Btha
17、t employment will continue to be the dominant form of work, Cand that employment will eventually Dbecome available for all who want it, is that working time will continue to fall.27 This is one reason Awhy change has not come Bmore quickly to black Americans as Ccompared to other American minorities
18、, Dbecause the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.28 His vocabulary, Ain particular, both that which he uses actively Band that which he recognizes, Cincreasing in size Das he grows older as a result of education and experience.29 ANative to South America Band c
19、ultivated there for thousands of years, the peanut Cis said to Dhave introduced to North America by early explorers.30 AResearchers have found subtle neurological Bdifferences between the brains of men and women Ceither in physical structure and Din the way they function.二、选词填空30 In more recent deca
20、des, the world has i【K1】_become a global community, and study abroad has f【K2】_Since World War II there has been a dramatic increase in foreign students c【K3】_to the United States to study and of Americans studying o【K4】_the United States. In 2008, almost 96, 000 American students participated i【K5】
21、_formal study abroad programs. In 2009, more than 1. 5 million foreign students came to the United States to study.For American students, study abroad is generally seen to fulfill three educational g【K6】_: the general education of the student, specialized learning such as language learning, and the
22、promotion of international understanding. But in addition those studying abroad learn to extend their autonomy and increase their a【K7】_of their culture and the values that this culture embodies. One study of Edward Morgan demonstrates that the type of learning that takes p 【K8】_at the home universi
23、ty is primarily cognitive in nature and is secondarily affective. Students studying abroad, however, are frequently much more involved in their s【K9】_for identity. He found “ students indicated that they changed daily in the areas of values, attitudes, goals and personal philosophy. “ Most students
24、report that it is what they learn outside of the classroom that counts the most in a study-abroad p【K10】_31 【K1】32 【K2】33 【K3】34 【K4】35 【K5】36 【K6】37 【K7】38 【K8】39 【K9】40 【K10】40 Anyone who knows me well would almost certainly label me an optimist. I believe in embracing h【K11】_and finding something
25、 positive even in the most d【K12】_circumstances. My own optimism stems from a strong, personal f【K13 】_in a loving God who I believe is very interested in the personal details of our lives, not just the “ big stuff. “ I also believe that things happen for a reason and that if we k【K14】_our minds and
26、 spirits open, our invisible God often becomes v【K15】_, sometimes in ways that are quite humorous!W【K16】 _that being said, even optimists can temporarily lose hope. This was the ease for me on a particularly cold and gloomy January day. I felt overwhelmed by the painful challenges I was d【K17】_with
27、in my personal life. Marital, health, and financial struggles had joined forces to create a tornado of emotion that threatened to crush my spirit. I felt angry, f 【K18】_, burdened, and distanced from the presence of God. The weather seemed to reflect my moodthe gray sky blocked even a single ray of
28、s【K19】_As I drudged through my workday, I just couldnt shake a sense of hopelessness and d【K20】_41 【K11】42 【K12】43 【K13】44 【K14】45 【K15】46 【K16】47 【K17】48 【K18】49 【K19】50 【K20】三、阅读理解50 Chinese firms are going global for the usual reasons: to acquire raw materials, get technical know-how and gain acc
29、ess to foreign markets. But they are under the guidance of a state that many countries consider a strategic competitor, not an ally. As our briefing explains, it often appoints executives, directs deals and finances them through state banks. Once bought, natural-resource firms can become captive sup
30、pliers of the Middle Kingdom. Some believe China Inc can be more sinister than that; for example, America thinks that Chinese telecoms-equipment firms pose a threat to its national security.That would be a mistake. China is miles away from posing this kind of threat: most of its firms are only just
31、finding their feet abroad. Even in natural resources, where it has been most active in dealmaking, it is not close to controlling enough supply to rig the market for most commodities.Nor is Chinas system as monolithic as foreigners often assume. State companies compete at home and their decision-mak
32、ing is consensual rather than dictatorial. When abroad they may have mixed motives, and some sectorsdefence and strategic infrastructure, for instanceare too sensitive to allow them in. But such areas are relatively few.What if Chinese state-owned companies run their acquisitions for politics, not p
33、rofit? So long as other firms could satisfy consumers needs, it would not matter. Chinese companies could safely be allowed to own energy firms, for instance, in a competitive market where customers could turn to other suppliers. And if Chinese firms throw subsidised capital around the world, thats
34、fine. America and Europe could use the money. The danger that cheap Chinese capital might undermine rivals can be better dealt with by beefing up competition law than by keeping investment out.Not all Chinese companies are state-directed. Some are largely independent and mainly interested in profits
35、. Often these firms are making the running abroad. Take Volvos new owner, Geely. Volvo should now be able to sell more cars in China; without the deal its future was bleak.Chinese firms can bring new energy and capital to flagging companies around the world; but influence will not just flow one way.
36、 To succeed abroad, Chinese companies will have to adapt. That means hiring local managers, investing in local research and placating local concernsfor example by listing subsidiaries locally. Indian and Brazilian firms have an advantage abroad thanks to their private-sector DNA and more open cultur
37、es. That has not been lost on Chinese managers.51 In face of Chinas economic expansion abroad, the author of this article is_.（A）optimistic（B） pessimistic（C） neutral（D）noncommittal52 According to the article, the reason why China cannot control the market for most commodities in energy sector is_.（A
38、）China does not have enough money（B） Chinese companies are reluctant to cooperate with foreign firms（C） China is in initial stage of investing abroad（D）Chinese companies are state-owned53 What is Volvos immediate benefit after Geely becomes its new owner?（A）Sales go up.（B） Future becomes unpredictab
39、le.（C） Workers have a salary hike.（D）Unemployment goes down.54 “So long as other firms could satisfy consumers needs, it would not matter. “ This implies that_.（A）Chinese cannot control the market（B） the market is not competitive（C） consumers do not like Chinese companies（D）Indian companies are more
40、 powerful55 It is suggested that Chinese firms should do the following if they want to succeed abroad.（A）Stick to public ownership.（B） Make changes to suit local conditions.（C） Invest more money.（D）Have more decision-making power.55 Why we age is the subject of vigorous debate. The classical view is
41、 that aging happens because of random wear and tear. A newer view holds that aging is more orderly and genetically driven. Proponents of this view point out that animals of similar species and exposure to wear and tear have markedly different life span. The Canada goose has a longevity of 23. 5 year
42、s; the emperor goose only 6. 3 years. Perhaps animals are like plants, with lives that are to a large extent, internally governed. Certain species of bamboo, for instance, form a dense stand that grows and flourishes for a hundred years, flowers all at once, and then dies.The idea that living things
43、 shut down and not just wear down has received substantial support in the past decade. Researchers working with the now famous worm C. elegans(two of the last five Nobel Prizes in medicine went to scientists doing work on the little nematode)were able to produce worms that live more than twice as lo
44、ng and age more slowly by altering a single gene. Scientists have since come up with single-gene alterations that increase the life spans of Drosophila fruit flies, mice and yeast.These findings notwithstanding, scientists do not believe that our life spans are actually programmed into us. After all
45、, for most of our hundred-thousand-year existenceall but the past couple of hundred yearsthe average life span of human beings has been thirty years or less.(Research suggests that subjects of the Roman Empire had an average life expectancy of twenty-eighty years.)Today the average life span in deve
46、loped countries is almost eighty years. If human life spans depend on our genetics, then medicine has got the upper hand. We are, in a way, freaks living well beyond our appointed time. So when we study aging, what we are trying to understand is not so much in a natural process as an unnatural one.
47、Inheritance has surprisingly little influence on longevity. James Vaupel, of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, in Rostock, Germany, noted that only six percent of how long youll live, compared with the average, is explained by your parents longevity; by contrast, up to ninety percen
48、t of how tall you are, compared with the average, is explained by your parents height. Even genetically identical twins vary widely in life span: the typical gap is more than fifteen years.56 The main idea of this piece is_.（A）how long one lives depends on ones parents（B） how long one lives is relat
49、ed to ones genes（C） how long one lives depends on many factors（D）how long one lives can be statistically determined57 The example of gooses life span shows that_.（A）Canada goose lives longer than emperor goose（B） emperor goose has a very short life span（C） Canada goose and emperor goose belong to the same species（D）different kinds of the same species may have different life span58 What, as the author mentions in this article, is genetic
