1、2011 年管理类专业学位联考（英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section II ClozeDirections: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choices the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.0 The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of
2、 speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has (1) across the Web.Can privacy be preserved (2) bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly (3) ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federal government a (4) to make
3、the Web a safer place a “voluntary trusted identity“ system that would be the high-tech (5) of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled (6) one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential (7) to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a rang
4、e of online services.The idea is to (8) a federation of private online identity systems. User could (9) which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers licens
5、e (10) by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on“ systems that make it possible for users to (11) just once but use many different services.(12) , the approach would create a “walled garden“ cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods“ and bright “st
6、reetlights“ to establish a sense of a (13) community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem“ in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with (14) ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructrue (15) which the transaction runs“
7、.Still, the administrations plan has (16) privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would (17) be a compulsory Internet “drives license“ mentality.The plan has also been greeted with (18) by some com
8、puter security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem“ envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet (19) . They argue that all Internet users should be (20) to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.（A）sw
9、ept（B） skipped（C） walked（D）ridden（A）for（B） within（C） while（D）though（A）careless（B） lawless（C） pointless（D）helpless（A）reason（B） reminder（C） compromise（D）proposal（A）information（B） interference（C） entertainment（D）equivalent（A）by（B） into（C） from（D）over（A）linked（B） directed（C） chained（D）compared（A）dismiss
10、（B） discover（C） create（D）improve（A）recall（B） suggest（C） select（D）realize（A）released（B） issued（C） distributed（D）delivered（A）carry on（B） linger on（C） set in（D）log in（A）In vain（B） In effect（C） In return（D）In contrast（A）trusted（B） modernized（C） thriving（D）competing（A）caution（B） delight（C） confidence（D）p
11、atience（A）on（B） after（C） beyond（D）across（A）divided（B） disappointed（C） protected（D）united（A）frequently（B） incidentally（C） occasionally（D）eventually（A）skepticism（B） relevance（C） indifference（D）enthusiasm（A）manageable（B） defendable（C） vulnerable（D）invisible（A）invited（B） appointed（C） allowed（D）forced二、S
12、ection III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.20 Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of
13、 Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unmarked? By February the n
14、ext year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disag
15、ree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different direc
16、tors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise“ disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surpris
17、e departrue, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a corr
18、elation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.“ Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors
19、 have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Ot
20、herwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21 According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for_.（A）gaining excessive profits（B） failing to fulfill her duty（C） refusing to make compromises（D）leaving the board in tough times22 We learn f
21、rom Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be_.（A）generous investors（B） unbiased executives（C） share price forecasters（D）independent advisers23 According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside directors surprise departrue, the firm is likely to_.（A）become more stable（B）
22、 report increased earnings（C） do less well in the stock market（D）perform worse in lawsuits24 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors_.（A）may stay for the attractive offers from the firm（B） have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm（C） are accustomed to stress-free wo
23、rk in the firm（D）will decline incentives from the firm25 The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is_.（A）permissive（B） positive（C） scornful（D）critical25 Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising an
24、d readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. Americas Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It
25、will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but of
26、ten returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are
27、 paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of reven
28、ues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese n
29、ewspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagel
30、y cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26 By saying “Newspapers like . their own doom“ (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper_.（A）neglected the sign of crisis（B） failed to get state subsidies（C） were no
31、t charitable corporations（D）were in a desperate situation27 Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because_.（A）readers threatened to pay less（B） newspapers wanted to reduce costs（C） journalists reported little about these areas（D）subscribers complained about slimmer products28
32、Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they_.（A）have more sources of revenue（B） have more balanced newsrooms（C） are less dependent on advertising（D）are less affected by readership29 What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current ne
33、wspaper business?（A）Distinctiveness is an essential featrue of newspapers.（B） Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.（C） Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.（D）Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30 The most appropriate title for this tex
34、t would be_.（A）American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival（B） American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind（C） American Newspapers: A Thriving Business（D）American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story30 We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with sol
35、diers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, an
36、d that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the futrue, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more“ was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies v
37、an der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architectrue schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architectrue, but none more so that Mi
38、es.Miess signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symboli
39、zed the futrue. Miess sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicagos Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-tha
40、n those in their older neighbors along the citys Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less“ was
41、 not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses“ commissioned from talented modern architects by
42、California Arts Architectrue magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more“ trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revoluti
43、on would impact everyday life - few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers - but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31 The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans_.（A）prosperity and gr
44、owth（B） efficiency and practicality（C） restraint and confidence（D）pride and faithfulness32 Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?（A）It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.（B） Its designing concept was affected by World War II.（C） Most American architects used to b
45、e associated with it.（D）It had a great influence upon American architectrue.33 Mies held that elegance of architectural design_.（A）was related to large space（B） was identified with emptiness（C） was not reliant on abundant decoration（D）was not associated with efficiency34 What is true about the apart
46、ments Mies building Chicagos Lake Shore Drive?（A）They ignored details and proportions.（B） They were built with materials popular at that time.（C） They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.（D）They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35 What can we learn about the design of the “Case
47、Study House“?（A）Mechanical devices were widely used.（B） Natural scenes were taken into consideration.（C） Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.（D）Eco-friendly materials were employed.35 Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the proje
48、cts greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle“ of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zones econo
49、mies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europes single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zones dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on
