1、2012 年国际关系学院英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、匹配题0 1. The Sot-Weed Factor2. McTeague3. The Old Wives Tale4. The Naked Lunch5. The American Scholar6. The Moon and Sixpence7. The Tell-Tale Heart8. The Golden Notebook9. The Art of Fiction10. Wessex Tales11. North and South12. The Zoo Story13. Beyond the Horizon14.
2、 The Prelude15. A Woman of No Importance16. The Pathfinder17. Murder in the Cathedral18. The Invisible Man19. Twice-Told Tales20. Utopia1 William Burroughs2 Ralph Waldo Emerson3 Thomas Hardy4 Edward Albee5 Oscar Wilde6 T. S. Eliot7 John Barth8 William Wordsworth9 Henry James10 James Fenimore Cooper1
3、1 Herbert George Wells12 Doris Lessing13 Frank Norris14 Eugene ONeill15 Edgar Allan Poe16 Elizabeth Gaskell17 Nathaniel Hawthorne18 Thomas More19 William Somerset Maugham20 Arnold Bennett二、填空题21 The most famous American Enlightenment figures are(1),(2), and(3), among whom(4)s book(5)precipitated the
4、 American War of Independence.22 The major concerns of Alice Walkers works are racism and sexism. Among those works, the most typical is(6), which is a book of(7)written by Celie.23 J.D. Salingers influential novel(8)became especially popular with the(9)young generation. The novel depicts an adolesc
5、ents despair at the fallen state of the(10)world.24 Henry Fieldings(11)is a typical(12)century novel, representing the orderliness of the universe by means of its highly(13)form.25 The 1920s in English literature were marked by the most mature works of the 3 Modernist novelists (14),(15), and(16).26
6、 Gothic Romances enjoyed much popularity in(17)in the last decades of the(18)century. They are novels of terror which employ(19)background. They are so named because “Gothic“(20)is usually the setting for the elements of horror in them.三、评论题27 Please read the following poem and make comments in abou
7、t 300 words.(50 points)Death the LevelerThe glories of our blood and stateAre shadows, not substantial things;There is no armor against Fate;Death lays his icy hand on kings;Sceptre and CrownMust tumble down,And in the dust be equal madeWith the poor crooked scythe and spade.Some men with swords may
8、 reap the field,And plant fresh laurels where they kill:But their strong nerves at last must yield;They tame but one another still;Early or lateThey stoop to fate,And must give up their murmuring breathWhen they, pale captives creep to death.The garlands wither on your brow;Then boast no more your m
9、ighty deeds!Upon Deaths purple altar nowSee where the victor-victim bleeds.Your heads must come To the cold tomb:Only the actions of the just Smell sweet and blossom in their dust.28 Please read the following selection and make comments in about 500 words.(70 points)WaldenEvery morning was a cheerfu
10、l invitation to make my life of equal simplicity, and I may say innocence, with Nature herself. 1 have been as sincere a worshipper of Aurora as the Greeks. I got up early and bathed in the pond; that was a religious exercise, and one of the best things which 1 did. They say that characters were eng
11、raven on the bathing tub of King Tching-thang to this effect: “Renew thyself completely each day; do it again, and again, and forever again. “ I can understand that. Morning brings back the heroic ages. I was as much affected by the faint hum of a mosquito making its invisible and unimaginable tour
12、through my apartment at earliest dawn, when I was sitting with door and windows open, as I could be by any trumpet that ever sang of fame. It was Homers requiem; itself an Iliad and Odyssey in the air, singing its own wrath and wanderings. There was something cosmical about it; a standing advertisem
13、ent, till forbidden, of the everlasting vigor and fertility of the world. The morning, which is the most memorable season of the day, is the awakening hour. Then there is least somnolence in us; and for an hour, at least, some part of us awakes which slumbers all the rest of the day and night. Littl
14、e is to be expected of that day, if it can be called a day, to which we are not awakened by our Genius, but by the mechanical nudgings of some servitor, are not awakened by our own newly acquired force and aspirations from within, accompanied by the undulations of celestial music, instead of factory
15、 bells, and a fragrance filling the airto a higher life than we fell asleep from; and thus the darkness bear its fruit, and prove itself to be good, no less than the light. That man who does not believe that each day contains an earlier, more sacred, and auroral hour than he has yet profaned, has de
16、spaired of life, and is pursuing a descending and darkening way. After a partial cessation of his sensuous life, the soul of man, or its organs rather, are reinvigorated each day, and his Genius tries again what noble life it can make. All memorable events, I should say, transpire in morning time an
17、d in a morning atmosphere. The Vedas say, “All intelligences awake with the morning. “ Poetry and art, and the fairest and most memorable of the actions of men, date from such an hour. All poets and heroes, like Memnon, are the children of Aurora, and emit their music at sunrise. To him whose elasti
18、c and vigorous thought keeps pace with the sun, the day is a perpetual morning. It matters not what the clocks say or the attitudes and labors of men. Morning is when I am awake and there is a dawn in me. Moral reform is the effort to throw off sleep. Why is it that men give so poor an account of th
19、eir day if they have not been slumbering? They are not such poor calculators. If they had not been overcome with drowsiness, they would have performed something. The millions are awake enough for physical labor; but only one in a million is awake enough for effective intellectual exertion, only one
20、in a hundred millions to a poetic or divine life. To be awake is to be alive. I have never yet met a man who was quite awake. How could I have looked him in the face?We must learn to reawaken and keep ourselves awake, not by mechanical aids, but by an infinite expectation of the dawn, which does not
21、 forsake us in our soundest sleep. I know of no more encouraging fact than the unquestionable ability of man to elevate his life by a conscious endeavor. It is something to be able to paint a particular picture, or to carve a statue, and so to make a few objects beautiful; but it is far more gloriou
22、s to carve and paint the very atmosphere and medium through which we look, which morally we can do. To affect the quality of the day, that is the highest of arts. Every man is tasked to make his life, even in its details, worthy of the contemplation of his most elevated and critical hour. If we refu
23、sed, or rather used up, such paltry information as we get, the oracles would distinctly inform us how this might be done.I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to di
24、e, discover that I had not lived. 1 did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not lif
25、e, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a t
26、rue account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God, and have somewhat hastily concluded that it is the chief end of man here to “ glorify God and enjoy him forever.Still we live meanly, like ants; though
27、 the fable tells us that we were long ago changed into men; like pygmies we fight with cranes; it is error upon error, and clout upon clout, and our best virtue has for its occasion a superfluous and evitable wretchedness. Our life is frittered away by detail. An honest man has hardly need to count
28、more than his ten fingers, or in extreme cases he may add his ten toes, and lump the rest. Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand; instead of a million count half a dozen, and keep your accounts on your thumb-nail. In the midst
29、 of this chopping sea of civilized life, such are the clouds and storms and quicksands and thousand-and-one items to be allowed for, that a man has to live, if he would not founder and go to the bottom and not make his port at all, by dead reckoning, and he must be a great calculator indeed who succ
30、eeds. Simplify, simplify. Instead of three meals a day, if it be necessary eat but one; instead of a hundred dishes, five, and reduce other things in proportion. Our life is like a German Confederacy, made up of petty states, with its boundary forever fluctuating, so that even a German cannot tell y
31、ou how it is bounded at any moment. The nation itself, with all its so-called internal improvements, which, by the way, are all external and superficial, is just such an unwieldy and overgrown establishment, cluttered with furniture and tripped up by its own traps, ruined by luxury and heedless expe
32、nse, by want of calculation and a worthy aim, as the million households in the land; and the only cure for it, as for them, is in a rigid economy, a stern and more than Spartan simplicity of life and elevation of purpose. It lives too fast. Men think that it is essential that the Nation have commerc
33、e, and export ice, and talk through a telegraph, and ride thirty miles an hour, without a doubt, whether they do or not; but whether we should live like baboons or like men, is a little uncertain. If we do not get out sleepers, and forge rails, and devote days and nights to the work, but go to tinke
34、ring upon our lives to improve them, who will build railroads? And if railroads are not built, how shall we get to heaven in season? But if we stay at home and mind our business, who will want railroads? We do not ride on the railroad; it rides upon us. Did you ever think what those sleepers are tha
35、t underlie the railroad? Each one is a man, an Irishman, or a Yankee man. The rails are laid on them, and they are covered with sand, and the cars run smoothly over them. They are sound sleepers, I assure you. And every few years a new lot is laid down and run over; so that, if some have the pleasur
36、e of riding on a rail, others have the misfortune to be ridden upon. And when they run over a man that is walking in his sleep, a supernumerary sleeper in the wrong position, and wake him up, they suddenly stop the cars, and make a hue and cry about it, as if this were an exception. I am glad to kno
37、w that it takes a gang of men for every five miles to keep the sleepers down and level in their beds as it is, for this is a sign that they may sometime get up again.Why should we live with such hurry and waste of life? We are determined to be starved before we are hungry. Men say that a stitch in t
38、ime saves nine, and so they take a thousand stitches today to save nine tomorrow. As for work, we havent any of any consequence. We have the Saint Vitus dance, and cannot possibly keep our heads still. If I should only give a few pulls at the parish bell-rope , as for a fire, that is, without settin
39、g the bell, there is hardly a man on his farm in the outskirts of Concord, notwithstanding that press of engagements which was his excuse so many times this morning, nor a boy, nor a woman, I might almost say, but would forsake all and follow that sound, not mainly to save property from the flames,
40、but, if we will confess the truth, much more to see it burn, since burn it must, and we, be it known, did not set it on fireor to see it put out, and have a hand in it, if that is done as handsomely; yes, even if it were the parish church itself. Hardly a man takes a half-hours nap after dinner, but
41、 when he wakes he holds up his head and asks, “ Whats the news?“ as if the rest of mankind had stood his sentinels. Some give directions to be waked every half-hour, doubtless for no other purpose; and then, to pay for it, they tell what they have dreamed. After a nights sleep the news is as indispe
42、nsable as the breakfast. “ Pray tell me anything new that has happened to a man anywhere on this globe“and he reads it over his coffee and rolls, that a man has had his eyes gouged out this morning on the Wachito River; never dreaming the while that he lives in the dark unfathomed mammoth cave of th
43、is world, and has but the rudiment of an eye himself.For my part, I could easily do without the post-office. I think that there are very few important communications made through it. To speak critically, I never received more than one or two letters in my lifeI wrote this some years agothat were wor
44、th the postage. The penny-post is, commonly, and institution through which you seriously offer a man that penny for his thoughts which is so often safely offered in jest. And I am sure that I never read any memorable news in a newspaper. If we read of one man robbed, or murdered, or killed by accide
45、nt, or one house burned, or one vessel wrecked, or one steamboat blown up, or one cow run over on the Western Railroad, or one mad dog killed, or one lot of grasshoppers in the winterwe never need read of another. One is enough. If you are acquainted with the principle, what do you care for a myriad
46、 instances and applications? To a philosopher all news, as it is called, is gossip, and they who edit and read it are old women over their tea. Yet not a few are greedy after this gossip. There was such a rush, as I hear, the other day at one of the offices to learn the foreign news by the last arri
47、val, that several large squares of plate glass belonging to the establishment were broken by the pressurenews which I seriously think a ready wit might write a twelve-month, or twelve years, beforehand with sufficient accuracy. As for Spain, for instance, if you know how to throw in Don Carlos and t
48、he Infanta, and Don Pedro and Seville and Granada, from time to time in the right proportionsthey may have changed the names a little since I saw the papersand serve up a bull-fight when other entertainments fail, it will be true to the letter, and give us as good an idea of the exact state or ruin
49、of things in Spain as the most succinct and lucid reports under this head in the newspapers; and as for England, almost the last significant scrap of news from that quarter was the revolution of 1649; and if you have learned the history of her crops for an average year, you never need attend to that thing again, unless your speculations are of a merely pecuniary character. If one may judge who rarely looks into the newspapers, nothing new does ever happen in foreign parts, a French revolution not excepted.What news! How much more important to know what that is which was
