1、2007年国际关系学院英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案与解析 一、填空题 1 Beowulf is the national epic of (1) . 2 (2) is generally considered to be Chaucers masterpiece. 3 The Renaissance was an epoch of social and cultural development embracing all parts of (3). It first rose in (4) in the (5) century. 4 Ezra Pounds lifelong endeav
2、or had been devoted to the writing of (6). which contains (7) poems. 5 In 1927, T. S. Eliot announced that he was a royalist in (8) . a classicist in (9) . and an Anglo-Catholic in (10). 6 The title of James Joyces fiction (11) shows that the author intends to model his fiction on the Homeric story
3、of (12). 7 Thomas Hardy divided his own novels into (13) series, and Tess of the DUrbervilles is among the (14) group of his novels 8 In Memoriam is often regarded as the most important of (15) s longer poems. It started as (16) in memory of Arthur Hallam and grew into a full expression of the poets
4、 (17) and (18) views. 9 The first book to treat the (19) theme is Joseph Hellers (20) . 二、名词解释 10 Ballad 11 Simile 12 Transcendentalism 13 Imagism 14 Trochee 15 Allegory 16 The Jazz Age 17 Freudianism 18 Determinism 19 Gothic Romance 三、问答题 20 How many parts are there in The Waste Land? 21 What are t
5、he basic Calvinist tenets? 22 Which of Emersons works is called “Americas Intellectual Declaration of Independence“? 23 What are the most striking features of Hemingways writing style? 24 Why is Mark Twain considered as a social critic? 25 How does Henry James describe the Americans in his novels? 2
6、6 How does Edgar Allan Poe anticipate the 20th century literature? 27 What does the white whale in Moby Dick symbolize? Why do you think so? 28 What is the major thematic concern of Walden? 29 What modernist technique does Virginia Woolf employ in her novels like Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse?
7、 30 Why is Alexander Pope known as a representative of the Enlightenment? 31 What are the two famous epics of John Milton? 32 Who are the “Lake Poets“ in English literature? To which literary movement do they belong? 33 Which of William Faulkners works impresses you most? Why? 34 Which play of Eugen
8、e ONeills is autobiographical? 34 Read the following paragraph and answer the questions on your ANSWER SHEET. When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and bec
9、omes worse. Of an intermediate balance, under the circumstances, there is no possibility. The city has its cunning wiles, no less than the infinitely smaller and more human tempter. There are large forces which allure with all the soulfulness of expression possible in the most cultured human. The gl
10、eam of a thousand lights is often as effective as the persuasive light in a wooing and fascinating eye. Half the undoing of the unsophisticated and natural mind is accomplished by forces wholly superhuman. A blare of sound, a roar of life, a vast array of human hives, appeal to the astonished senses
11、 in equivocal terms. Without a counselor at hand to whisper cautious interpretations, what falsehoods may not these things breathe, into the unguarded ear? Unrecognized for what they are, their beauty, like music, too often relaxes, then weakens, then perverts the simpler human perceptions. 35 Who i
12、s the author of the novel from which this paragraph is taken? What is the title of the novel? (6 points) 36 With which literary school is the author usually identified? (4 points) 37 How does the paragraph express the main points of that school? (5 points) 38 What do you think about the authors way
13、of writing as reflected in the paragraph? (5 points) 四、评论题 39 Paraphrase the following poem in your own words and then make a comment on its theme. My Heart Leaps Up William Wordsworth My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky: So was it when my life began; So is it now I am a man; So be
14、it when I shall grow old. Or let me die! The Child is father of the Man; And I could wish my days to be Bound each to each by natural piety. 2007年国际关系学院英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷答案与解析 一、填空题 1 【正确答案】 England 【试题解析】 贝奥武夫 (Beowulf)是英格兰最早的民族史诗。 2 【正确答案】 The Canterbury Tales 3 【正确答案】 Western Europe， Italy， 14th 【试题解
15、析】 本题考查文艺复兴的发展历程。文艺复兴产生于十四世纪的意大利，后席卷了整个西欧。 4 【正确答案】 the Cantos， 120 【试题解析】 诗章为庞德的代表作，共收录了 120首诗。 5 【正确答案】 politics， literature， religion 【试题解析】 本题考查艾略特的主张，即：政治上保皇党，文学上古典派，宗教上英国天主教徒。 6 【正确答案】 Ulysses， Odyssey 【试题解析】 尤利西斯 (Ulysses)为奥德赛 (Odyssey)的罗马文拼法，换句话说，作者乔伊斯刻意模仿了荷马奥德赛的故事。 7 【正确答案】 three， novels of
16、 character and environment 【试题解析】 本题考查哈代的小说分类。哈代把创作分为三类： “罗曼史和幻想小说 ”、 “爱情与阴谋小说 ”、 “性格和环境小说 ”。他将自己的大部分小说划分为“性格与环境小说 ”。 8 【正确答案】 Alfred Tennyson， elegy， philosophical， religious 【试题解析】 诗歌悼念 (In Memoriam)是丁尼生最重要的长诗，诗歌始于悼念 ArthurHallam的挽歌，逐渐表达了诗人哲学和宗教的观点。 9 【正确答案】 Black humor， Catch-22 【试题解析】 黑色幽默是后现代小说
17、的一种表现手法，而第一个反映这种手法的小说是海勒的第二十二条军规。 二、名词解释 10 【正确答案】 A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads were particularly characteristic of British and Irish popular poetry and song from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively across Europe and later Nor
18、th America, Australia and North Africa. The subject matter they tell is from the everyday life of the common people. 11 【正确答案】 Similes are comparisons that show how two things that are not alike in most ways are similar in one important way. Similes are a way to describe something. Authors use them
19、to make their writing more interesting or entertaining. Similes use the words “as“ or “like“ to make the connection between the two things that are being compared. 12 【正确答案】 It is a literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence
20、of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. 13 【正确答案】 Imagism is a literary movement launched by British and American poets early in the 20th century that advocated the use of free verse, common speech patterns, and clear concrete ima
21、ges as a reaction to Victorian sentimentalism. Pound is considered to be the lead poet of the time. 14 【正确答案】 Trochee is a metrical foot used in formal poetry consisting of a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one. For example, Round about the cauldron go, In the poisoned entrails throw. Be
22、cause each foot consists of two syllables, the trochaic is known as a duple meter. 15 【正确答案】 Allegory is a form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meanings that lie outside the narrative itself. The underlying meaning has moral, social,
23、religious, or political significance, and characters are often personifications of abstract ideas as charity, greed, or envy. Thus an allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. 16 【正确答案】 The Jazz Age describes the period after the end of World War I, through the
24、 Roaring Twenties, ending with the onset of the Great Depression. Traditional values of the previous period declined while the American stock market soared. The age takes its name from popular music, which saw a tremendous surge in popularity. Among the prominent concerns and trends of the period ar
25、e the public embrace of technological developments typically seen as progress cars, air travel and the telephone as well as new modernist trends in social behavior, the arts, and culture. 17 【正确答案】 Freudianism is the theories of Sigmund Freud or the tradition of psychological thought (and psychoanal
26、ytic practice) spawned by his theories. The philosophical importance and influence of Freudianism derives from its view of human nature, which emphasizes the importance of unconscious forces in determining the beliefs and actions of human beings. 18 【正确答案】 Determinism is the philosophical idea that
27、every event or state of affairs, including every human decision and action, is the inevitable and necessary consequence of antecedent states of affairs. It is a modern name (nineteenth-century) for Democritus ancient idea that causal laws control the motion of atoms, and that everything, including h
28、uman minds, consists merely of atoms in a void. 19 【正确答案】 Gothic romance, type of novel that flourished in the late 18th and early 19th century in England. Gothic romances were mysteries, often involving the supernatural and heavily tinged with horror, and they were usually set against dark backgrou
29、nds of medieval ruins and haunted castles. Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre and Daphne du Mauriers Rebecca are works of the kind. 三、问答题 20 【正确答案】 The Waste Land is a 434 line modernist poem by T. S. Eliot published in 1922. It has been called “one of the most important poems of the 20th century.“ It cons
30、ists of five parts, which are entitled: The Burial of the Dead A Game of Chess The Fire Sermon Death by Water What the Thunder Said 【试题解析】 本题考查荒原的结构，即这五个部分的标题。 21 【正确答案】 The basic Calvinist tenets, or the five-point-doctrinal-system, are also known as the TULIP formula, which include: Total depravit
31、y (Original Sin); Unconditional election (Gods Election); Limited atonement (Particular Redemption); Irresistible grace (Effectual Calling); Perseverance of the Saints. 【试题解析】 本题考查加尔文教的教义，其中主要包括五种观点。考生只需写出这五种观念即可。 22 【正确答案】 The American Scholar is a speech given by Ralph Waldo Emerson on August 31,
32、1837, when he was invited to speak in recognition of his groundbreaking work Nature. Sixty years after declaring independence, American culture was then still heavily influenced by Europe, and Emerson then, for possibly the first time in the countrys history, provided a visionary philosophical frame
33、work for escaping “from under its iron lids“ and building a new, distinctly American cultural identity. Therefore, this speech is celebrated as “Americas Intellectual Declaration of Independence“. 【试题解析】 本题考查爱默生的美国学者，考生可以从当时的历史环境对此问题予与作答。 23 【正确答案】 Hemingways writing style can be summarized in his “
34、theory of omission“. Hemingway outlined his “theory of omission“ or “iceberg principle.“ He states: “If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongl
35、y as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. The writer who omits things because he does not know them only makes hollow places in his writing.“ 【试题解析】 海明威的写作风格主要体现在他的 “冰山理论 ”之中，考生可以从这个方面进行作答。 24 【正确答案】 Twain remain
36、ed neutral during the Civil War, his views became more radical as he grew older. Twain was an adamant supporter of abolition and emancipation. He argued that non-whites did not receive justice in the United States, and paid for at least one black person to attend Yale University Law School and for a
37、nother black person to attend a southern university to become a minister. Mark Twain was also a staunch supporter of womens rights and an active campaigner for womens suffrage. His “Votes for Women“ speech, in which he pressed for the granting of voting rights to women, is considered one of the most
38、 famous in history. In view of this, he is considered as a social critic. 【试题解析】 本题考查马克 吐温被喻为社会批评家的原因。考生可以从他对种族主义、妇女解放的态度方面进行作答。 25 【正确答案】 Henry James is primarily known for the series of novels in which he portrays the encounter of Americans with Europe and Europeans. In his novels, the Americans a
39、re usually depicted as fresh, innocent, eager, energetic, open, assertive, curious, embodying the virtues of freedom and a more highly moral character. 【试题解析】 本题考查亨利 詹姆斯小说中美国人形象。作答时，考生可以从黛西米勒的主人公身上推出其对美国人的看法。 26 【正确答案】 Edgar Allan Poe made full use of the fascination for science and technology that
40、emerged in the early nineteenth century to produce speculative and fantastic narratives that anticipate a type of literature, which not become widely practiced until the twentieth century. He also created the prototypes of detective fiction like The Purloined Letter, The Murders in the Rue Morgue an
41、d formulated its literary conventions. 【试题解析】 本题考查爱伦 坡对二十世纪文学的贡献，即其开创了科幻和侦探小说的先河。 27 【正确答案】 To the Pequods crew, the white whale is a concept onto which they can displace their anxieties about their dangerous and often very frightening jobs. Ahab, on the other hand, believes that Moby Dick is a mani
42、festation of all that is wrong with the world, and he feels that it is his destiny to eradicate this symbolic evil. To Ishmael, the narrator, the whale symbolizes the unknown, mysterious natural force, an unreal world of speculation and mystery. 【试题解析】 本题考查莫比 迪克中白鲸的象征意义。 28 【正确答案】 Walden emphasizes
43、the importance of solitude, contemplation, and closeness to nature in transcending the “desperate“ existence that, he argues, is the lot of most people. The book is not a traditional autobiography, but combines autobiography with a social critique of contemporary Western cultures consumerist and mat
44、erialist attitudes and its distance from and destruction of nature. Besides, it is not simply a criticism of society, but also an attempt to engage creatively with the better aspects of contemporary culture, is suggested both by Thoreaus proximity to Concord society and by his admiration for classic
45、al literature. There are signs of ambiguity, or an attempt to see an alternative side of something common. 【试题解析】 本题考查瓦尔登湖的主题思想，考生可以从超验主义的角度对该问题进行回答。 29 【正确答案】 In her novels like Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse, Virginia Woolf takes advantage of stream of consciousness, a narrative mode that pre
46、sents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur. It focuses on the conscious experience of an individual regarded as a continuous, flowing series of images and ideas running through the mind. 【试题解析】 本题考查伍尔芙小说的写作手法 意识流，考生可以对此进行简要的作答。 30 【正确答案】 Pope is known as a representative of the Enl
47、ightenment, mainly for his emphasis on the ability to think and reason in his poems. In Essay on Man, for example, Pope addresses mans ability to reason and think for himself, questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about mans place in the world, as apart of the g
48、reat chain of life. He thus touches the basic concerns of the Enlightenment. 【试题解析】 本题主要考查蒲柏与启蒙运动的关系，事实上，蒲柏诗歌中触及了启蒙运动的三大主题。 31 【正确答案】 The famous epics written by John Milton are Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. The former concerns the Christian story of the Fall of Man: the temptation of Adam an
49、d Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden, while the latter similar theological themes. It deals with the subject of the Temptation of Christ. 【试题解析】 本题考查弥尔顿的两部最著名的史诗失乐园与复乐园，考生可以简要介绍一下作品的内容与主题。 32 【正确答案】 In English literature, the Lake poets refers to William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey. They got the title by living in the Lake District of England. As a group, they followed no single “school“ of thought or literary practice then known. They are considered part of the Romanti
