1、2013 年北京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 abusive translation2 adjustment3 analysis4 auto-translation5 blank verse translation6 class shift7 coherence8 contextual consistency9 translation as decision-making10 Descriptive Translation Studies11 disambiguation12 subtitling13 exoticism14 skopos theory15 rewrit
2、ing汉译英16 忠信17 口译18 假朋友19 常规20 自然性21 音译22 配音23 翻译理论24 平行语料库25 直译26 不可译性27 充分性28 异化翻译29 语内翻译30 译后编辑英译汉31 A fully-automatic factory, as we are able to envisage it today, takes the form of a complete factory with only a few skilled engineers to keep it in running order and a control committee to decide
3、on the broad outline of the production plan. The details of the production plan will be decided by a computer which receives all the information necessary for the efficient running of a business. This machine will process the information fed to it and pass on the results both to the control committe
4、e and to a second large special-purpose computer acting as the central production controller.32 The sciences are differentiated precisely on the basis of the particular contradictions inherent in their respective objects of study. Thus the contradiction peculiar to a certain field of phenomena const
5、itutes the object of study for a specific branch of science. For example, positive and negative numbers in mathematics; action and reaction in mechanics; positive and negative electricity in physics; dissociation and combination in chemistry; forces of production and relations of production, classes
6、 and class struggle, in social science; offence and defense in military science; idealism and materialism, the metaphysical outlook and the dialectical outlook, in philosophy; and so onall these are the objects of study of different branches of science precisely because each branch has its own parti
7、cular contradiction and particular essence.33 Almost 40 years ago, when Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty, a family with a car and a Dutch Colonial in the suburbs felt prosperous, and, in the face of the presidents call to action, magnanimous. Poverty seemed far away, in the shanties of the Sou
8、th or the worst pockets of urban blight. Today that same family may well feel impoverished, overwhelmed by credit card debt, a second mortgage and the cost of the stuff that has become the backbone of American life. When the middle class feels poor, the poor have little chance for change, or even re
9、cognition. Does anyone think twice about the woman who turns down the spread on the hotel bed?汉译英34 中国的载人空间工程项目按照“三步走” 战略计划进行。第一步将中国宇航员送到太空，进行数天和数人太空飞行并安全返回预订位置。第二步将在进行太空舱外活动等关键技术上做出突破，将太空站送进太空，并进行短期载人空间应用试验。第三步将建立一个太空实验室，用于宇航员进行长期载人空间试验。35 随着印度规模庞大的人口中有更多的人开始使用手机，用户和服务提供商都面临的挑战之一是印度语言的多样性。印度有 22 个主
10、要语种，有九种不同的文字系统。每种文字系统都有数十个字符，输入起来往往很麻烦。36 在求职面试中，应聘者在握手时的表现或许至关重要。不过，能让企业了解到握手背后的真实情况的则是性格测试。很多各类企业都在采用性格测试来考察求职者的责任心、外向性格以及其他可能有助于造就成功职业生涯的性格特征。2013 年北京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 滥译2 【正确答案】 调整3 【正确答案】 分析4 【正确答案】 自动翻译5 【正确答案】 无韵体翻译6 【正确答案】 词类转换7 【正确答案】 连贯8 【正确答案】 语境一致9 【正确答案】 翻译即抉择10 【正确答案】 描写
11、翻译研究11 【正确答案】 消解歧义12 【正确答案】 字幕翻译13 【正确答案】 异国情调14 【正确答案】 目的论15 【正确答案】 重写汉译英16 【正确答案】 fidelity17 【正确答案】 dolmetschen18 【正确答案】 faux Amis19 【正确答案】 convention20 【正确答案】 naturalness21 【正确答案】 transliteration22 【正确答案】 dubbing23 【正确答案】 theories of translation24 【正确答案】 parallel corpus25 【正确答案】 liberal translati
12、on26 【正确答案】 untranslatability27 【正确答案】 adequacy28 【正确答案】 foreignizing translation29 【正确答案】 intralingual translation30 【正确答案】 post-editing英译汉31 【正确答案】 全自动化工厂，如同我们现在所能设想的那样，虽是一座完整的工厂，却仅需要一些技能熟练的工程师来使其正常运转。总的生产计划则由一个控制委员会来制定。而生产计划的细节则由一台接收到业务高效运转所需必要信息的计算机决定。这台机器会处理收到的信息，并将处理结果反馈给控制委员会和作为中央生产控制器的另一台大型专
13、用计算机。32 【正确答案】 科学研究的区分，就是根据科学对象所具有的特殊的矛盾性。因此，对于某一现象的领域所特有的某一种矛盾的研究，就构成某一门科学的对象。例如，数学中的正数和负数，机械学中的作用和反作用，物理学中的阴电和阳电，化学中的化分和化合，社会科学中的生产力和生产关系、阶级和阶级的互相斗争，军事学中的攻击和防御，哲学中的唯心论和唯物论、形而上学观和辩证法观等等，都是因为具有特殊的矛盾和特殊的本质，才构成了不同的科学研究的对象。33 【正确答案】 大约四十年前，林登约翰逊向贫穷宣战时，在郊区有车有房的家庭当属富人之列，他们响应总统的呼吁慷慨解囊。那时，贫困似乎只存在于遥远的南部简陋的小
14、木屋和城区不景气的场所。而今，即使那些有车有房的人也会感到自己很穷，因为他们饱受信贷、次贷和物价的困扰，而这些恰是美国社会经济的命脉。如果连中产阶级都感到贫穷的话，那些穷人改变现状的机会就微乎其微了，甚至压根儿就没有认同感。试想，有谁会去注意那个为你换置床罩的酒店女服务员呢?汉译英34 【正确答案】 Chinas manned space engineering project follows a “three-step“ strategic plan. The first step is to send Chinese astronauts into space, conduct multi
15、-day and multi-manned space flight with safe return to the preset position. The second step is to make a breakthrough in the key technology of carrying out extravehicular activity and so on, send space station into space, and perform short-term manned space applicable experiments. The third step is
16、to build a permanent space laboratory that allows astronauts to conduct long-term manned space applicable experiments.35 【正确答案】 As mobile phones reach more of Indias gigantic population, one of the challenges facing both users and service providers is the countrys linguistic diversity. India has 22
17、major languages, with nine different scripts. Each script is represented by scores of characters. Typing each character on a basic mobile phone involves multiple tappings on the keypad, which can be cumbersome.36 【正确答案】 An applicants handshake may be crucial at a job interview. But a personality test can tell a company whats behind that handshake. Companies of various kinds all use personality tests to help assess job applicants for conscientiousness, extroversion or other traits that may be useful in forging a successful career.
