1、2014 年湖南大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 unrenewable resources2 air pollution index3 emergency response capacity4 priority development field5 next-generation information technology6 targeted group7 system of governance accountability8 service-oriented government9 extra budgetary fund10 “go abroad“ strategy11
2、contiguous poor areas12 BRICS13 DINK14 OPEC15 NPC汉译英16 白色污染17 城市热岛效应18 豆腐渣工程19 固有领土20 智能电网21 继往开来22 单位国内生产总值能耗23 总体战略24 公务接待25 南水北调26 大学毛入学率27 教育公平28 九年免费义务教育29 差额选举30 依法治国英译汉31 I am not good at it. To do it well seems to me one of the most difficult things in the world, and probably seems so to you
3、, too.To see a friend off from Waterloo to Vauxhall were easy enough. But we are never called on to perform that small feat. It is only when a friend is going on a longish journey, and will be absent for a long-ish time that we turn up at the railway station. The dearer the friend, and the longer th
4、e journey, and the longer the likely absence, the earlier do we turn up, and the more lamentably do we fail. Our failure is in exact ratio to the seriousness of the occasion, and to the depth of our feeling.In a room or even on a door step, we can make the farewell quite worthily. We can express in
5、our faces the genuine sorrow we feel. Nor do words fail us. There is no awkwardness, no restraint on either side. The thread of our intimacy has not been snapped. The leave-taking is an ideal one. Why not, then leave the leave-taking at that? Always, departing friends implore us not to bother to com
6、e to the railway station next morning. Always, we are deaf to these entreaties, knowing them to be not quite sincere. The departing friends would think it very odd of us if we took them at their word. Besides, they really do want to see us again. And that wish is heartily reciprocated. We duly turn
7、up. And then, oh then, what a gulf yawns. We stretch our arms vainly across it. We have utterly lost touch. We have nothing at all to say. We gaze at each other as dumb animals gaze at human beings. We make conversationand such conversation! We know that these friends are the friends from whom we pa
8、rted overnight. They know that we have not altered. Yet, on the surface, everything is different; and the tension is such that we only long for the guard to blow his whistle and put an end to the farce.汉译英32 随园诗话：“ 画家有读画之说，余谓画无可读者，读其诗也。” 随园老人这句话是有见地的。读是读诵之意，必有文章词句然后方可读诵，画如何可读?所以读画云者，应该是读诵画中之诗。诗与画是两个
9、类型，在对象、工具、手法，各方面均不相同。但是类型的混淆，古已有之。在西洋，所谓 Ut pictura poesis，“诗既如此，画亦同然”，早已成为艺术批评上的一句名言。我们中国也特别称道王摩诘的“画中有诗，诗中有画” 。究竟诗与画是各有领域的。我们读一首诗，可以欣赏其中的景物的描写，所谓“历历如绘” 。如诗之极致究竟别有所在，其着重点在于人的概念与情感。所谓诗意、诗趣、诗境，虽然多少有些抽象，究竟是以语言文字来表达最为适宜。我们看一幅画，可以欣赏其中所蕴藏的诗的情趣，但是并非所有的画都有诗的情趣，而且画的主要的功用是在描绘一个意象。我们说读画，实在是在画里寻诗。2014 年湖南大学英语翻译
10、基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 不可再生资源2 【正确答案】 空气污染指数3 【正确答案】 应急反应能力4 【正确答案】 优先发展领域5 【正确答案】 新一代信息技术6 【正确答案】 目标群体7 【正确答案】 行政问责制度8 【正确答案】 服务型政府9 【正确答案】 预算外资金10 【正确答案】 “ 走出去 ”战略11 【正确答案】 连片特困地区12 【正确答案】 金砖国家(Brazil ，Russia ，India ，China，South Africa)13 【正确答案】 丁克家庭(Double Income No Kids)14 【正确答案】 石油输出国组织(Organiz
11、ation of Petroleum Exporting Countries)15 【正确答案】 全国人民代表大会(National Peoples Congress)汉译英16 【正确答案】 white pollution17 【正确答案】 urban heat island effect18 【正确答案】 jerry-built project19 【正确答案】 inherent territory20 【正确答案】 smart grid21 【正确答案】 to inherit the past and forge ahead into the future22 【正确答案】 energy
12、 consumption per unit of GDP23 【正确答案】 overall strategy24 【正确答案】 official receptions25 【正确答案】 South-to-North Water Transfer26 【正确答案】 gross college enrolment ratio27 【正确答案】 equality in education28 【正确答案】 free nine-year compulsory education29 【正确答案】 competitive election30 【正确答案】 Rule of Law英译汉31 【正确答案】
13、 我不擅长送行。它可是我心目中这世上最难做好的事情之一。对此，你大概也心有同感。送一位朋友从滑铁卢去渥克斯厅可以说是一件相当简单的事。但你从来就接不到这种轻松活儿。我们只有当朋友要远行，离去的时间又比较长久时，才被召唤亲赴车站送行。朋友交情越好，送的路程越远；朋友离去的时间越长，我们就越早到达车站，相应地，我们遭遇的失败也就越为惨烈。这种失败的程度恰恰与场合的正式度以及感情的深厚程度成正比。屋内话别已十分体面，甚至在门前台阶也不错。我们脸上的表情书写着真切的忧伤。言语里透出恋恋不舍之情。主客双方不觉尴尬或拘谨。亲密友谊更是丝毫无损。如此的送别真可谓完美。可我们怎么就不懂到了这种程度就应该罢休呢
14、?通常情况下，即将远行的友人们总是恳求我们次日早晨不要再赶到车站。但我们知道那不一定是真心话，便也就不听信那些劝说的话，还是奔向车站。假若真的听信了朋友们的话，并且照着做了，他们说不定心里还会责怪呢。何况，他们也确实希望能和我们再见上一面。于是我们也就按时到达，真诚地去回应朋友的愿望。但结果却，结果却，陡然生出一道鸿沟!我们伸手，可怎么也无法超越，谁也够不着谁。我们哑口无言，像愚笨的动物痴望人类一样面面相觑。我们“找些话题来说” 但哪里有什么话好说的!大家都心知肚明，离别之景昨夜就已上演了一遍。人还是昨晚的那些人，但从表面上看，所有的又都变了。气氛是如此紧张，我们都盼望着列车员赶紧鸣笛，及早结
15、束这场闹剧。汉译英32 【正确答案】 Yuan Mei has this to say in his Suiyuan Notes on Poetry, “Artists believe in the reading of a painting, yet I can find nothing to be read in a paintingWhat one reads is the poetry it bears. “ The old gentleman was making a good point here. Reading means reciting, or chanting aloud
16、 the words to appreciate the meaning, so one must have the words and the text before one can do the reading. As such, how can you read a painting? The so-called reading of a painting, therefore, should be reading the poetry it carries.Poems and paintings fall under two different categories, differen
17、t in many aspects including aesthetic interest, medium and technique. But confusions over the two genres have a long history. In the West, there is a saying Ut pictura poesis, “ As in painting, so in poetry,“ which has long been regarded as an established observation in art criticism. In China, we t
18、oo, have a particular liking for Wang Weis “ having poetry in his painting and painting in his poetry. “ However, we should draw a line between poetry and painting. While reading a poem, we may appreciate its description of scenery to a degree of “ pictorial vividness. “ Yet the essence of poetry li
19、es somewhere else. That is, it has its ultimate aesthetic interest in human conceptions and emotions. What is called “poetic meaning , “ “ poetic taste, “ and “ poetic world, “ abstract and elusive as these terms may sound, can after all be best captured in words. When viewing a painting, we may be drawn to it for its poetic inclination, yet not every picture has an inbuilt poetic inclination. More importantly, the primary function of painting is to depict an image. So, what we mean by reading a painting is in reality seeking poetry in its pictorial composition.
