1、2016 年国际关系学院翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things_to teach you the art of learning.（A）but（B） nor（C） as（D）like2 All flights_, we decided to take a greyhound.（A）were canceled（B） had been canceled（C） having canceled（D）having been canceled3
2、This company has now introduced a policy_pay rises are related to performance at work.（A）which（B） where（C） whether（D）what4 The American businessman had difficulty at times working with his local counterparts in Guangdong Province, for he could speak_Cantonese than Mandarin.（A）no more（B） not more（C）
3、no less（D）not less5 He came into the managers office_ that he was dismissed.（A）only to be told（B） being told（C） in order to be told（D）telling6 The new director made it clear that his staff were not to accept gifts from clients, _.（A）be they jewelry or football tickets（B） they are jewelry or football
4、 tickets（C） whether are jewelry or football tickets（D）no matter are jewelry or football tickets7 The terrible disease is said _the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.（A）being（B） to be（C） to have been（D）having been8 _your timely advice, I would never have k
5、nown how to go about the work.（A）Unless（B） But for（C） Except for（D）Not for9 The doctor _a medicine for the childs stomach pains.（A）described（B） subscribed（C） prescribed（D）inscribed10 The _family in Chinese cities now spends more money on housing than before.（A）normal（B） average（C） usual（D）general11
6、Prices are _to variation without notice.（A）possible（B） trendy（C） likely（D）subject12 Be careful when you talk to your boss. He is in a very bad _today.（A）motive（B） mood（C） mind（D）notion13 The government has allocated ten million pounds to the tsunami-_area.（A）sticken（B） stricken（C） stuck（D）striked14
7、The branches could hardly _the weight of the fruit.（A）retain（B） sustain（C） maintain（D）remain15 Her speeches are full of _wit and warmth.（A）captivating（B） captivated（C） captive（D）captured16 After the terrorist attacks in Europe, he _the idea of going to Spain for a holiday.（A）gave in（B） dismissed（C）
8、missed（D）struck17 He asked for $ 5, 000 in _for the injury he suffered in the accident.（A）damages（B） losses（C） damage（D）loss18 Unfortunately, most public places are simply not geared _the needs of people with disabilities.（A）with（B） for（C） to（D）at19 A solar cell takes radiation from the sun and _it
9、into electricity.（A）alters（B） modifies（C） shapes（D）converts20 His constructive proposal for improving the program is _of our attention.（A）worth（B） worthy（C） worthwhile（D）worthless21 A good English learner is supposed to _a large vocabulary.（A）command（B） order（C） control（D）lead22 The government has l
10、aunched several campaigns to crack _on pirating.（A）up（B） in（C） down（D）for23 Traditionally people believed that obesity resulted from overeating only. Today, however, many doctors believe that it is a (n) _of genes.（A）affair（B） matter（C） thing（D）object24 We were so poor in those days that the whole f
11、amily had only one _and were ashamed of being seen.（A）clothes（B） clothing（C） garment（D）costume25 Everybody says that he takes _his grandfather, with his big fleshy nose that takes _too much space on his face.（A）to; up（B） after; up（C） of; off（D）from; away26 Seeing the closet on fire, he made a futile
12、 attempt to save the paintings from the flames. The underlined word probably means_.（A）prompt（B） frenzied（C） frantic（D）useless27 Her parents keep her on a short_, although she has turned 20.（A）leash（B） lash（C） blush（D）lush28 This is a widely _book owing to its insightful understanding of the subject
13、.（A）exclaimed（B） claimed（C） reclaimed（D）acclaimed29 Doctors recommend Vitamin C for keeping colds _bay.（A）to（B） for（C） in（D）at30 Normally he is rather_, but sometimes he talks freely about himself.（A）reserved（B） informal（C） peaceful（D）sociable二、Reading Comprehension30 The temperature of the sun is o
14、ver 5, 000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The sun is so much hotter than the earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core. In the core of the sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the h
15、igh temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the sun can never be directly observed.Solar astronomers do know that the sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the sun, the zones are the corona, chrom
16、osphere, photosphere, convection zone and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the suns atmosphere. But since the sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the sun begins.The suns outermost layer begins about 10, 000 miles above th
17、e visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the sun that can be seen during an eclipse such as the one in February 1979. At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the suns
18、 rays.The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The coronas rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spikelike rays near the suns north and south poles. The corona is thickest at the s
19、uns equator.The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets. By the time the suns corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invis
20、ible.31 Matter on the sun can exist only in the form of gas because of the suns_.（A）size（B） age（C） location（D）temperature32 The second paragraph is mainly concerned with_.（A）how the sun evolved（B） the structure of the sun（C） why scientists study the sun（D）the distance of the sun from the planets33 A
21、ll of the following are parts of the suns atmosphere EXCEPT the_.（A）corona（B） chromosphere（C） photosphere（D）core34 The word “glare“ in the passage probably means_.（A）strong heat（B） harmful effect（C） bright unpleasant light（D）endless warmth35 According to the passage, as the corona rays reach the pla
22、nets, they become_.（A）hotter（B） clearer（C） thinner（D）stronger36 Which of the following do the paragraphs following the passage most likely discuss?（A）The remaining layers of the sun.（B） The evolution of the sun to its present form.（C） The eclipse of February 1979.（D）The scientists who study astronom
23、y.36 Seeing the wreck for the first time, under the great arc of a sunny sky on that level shore, I was initially impressed by its remoteness. Here was the focus of those weeks of discussion, of seemingly endless careful planning: a slightly projecting, elongated outline.The warmth of the day meant
24、that many holiday-makers were about, and our equipment rapidly attracted them to the site, unmistakable with its brilliant orange marker, each attached to a steel post. These posts marked off the four corners of our working area, and were linked by a rope to keep it clear of curious sightseers.Many
25、structural features of the wreck which would normally have been visible were obscured by the sand, which was not only right up to but even above the upper gun deck. We went to work immediately when the first low tide made a start possible, and set up our basic survey line running down the middle of
26、the wreck from bow to stern. As we set about measuring the sides of the ship in their relation to survey line, the “Amsterdam“ emerged as a vessel of substance, and more so when the members of the team had scoured her aged timbers free from mussel shells and seaweed.All this activity attracted an in
27、creasing number of sightseers, whose interest was natural and welcome, since the more people who were moved to understand what we were about, the better it was for archaeology in general and for the future preservation of the “ Amsterdam“ in particular. However, there were also predatory souvenir hu
28、nters who were most disappointed by our merely taking elaborate measurements, with no apparent intention of digging up more objects.37 Seeing the wreck of the “Amsterdam“, the author was impressed by_.（A）its apparent isolation（B） its accessibility from the shore（C） the crowds of people round it（D）th
29、e effect of its outline against the sky38 According to the passage, the holiday-makers on the beach were_.（A）confined within a roped-off area（B） confined to the upper part of the wreck（C） kept well away from the orange markers（D）discouraged from entering the roped-off area39 The word “obscured“ in t
30、he passage probably means_.（A）made clearer（B） made less clear（C） obtained（D）filled40 We are told that work on the wreck was made difficult by_.（A）the slope of the beach（B） the height of the ship（C） the number of holiday-makers（D）the volume of the sand41 The passage suggests that the “Amsterdam“ had
31、been a_.（A）submarine（B） warship（C） fishing boat（D）passenger liner42 The passage suggests that “I“ was most likely a (n) _.（A）reporter（B） archaeologist（C） tourist（D）beach keeper42 Nineteenth-century associationist theories assumed that the mind functions in terms of association, forming sets of conce
32、pts and experiences. Associationists argued that mental contents could be studied by noting the links of similarity, contrast and proximity which exist in an individuals thought and behavior patterns. Pavlovs notion of conditioning is itself base on the associationist theory that one stimulus become
33、s associated with another. If a bell is rung each time a dog is given food, the dog will become conditioned to salivate on hearing the bell ring, despite the absence of food.First used to investigate the differences in cognitive styles, word-association tests became a sensitive instrument for the de
34、tection of emotional concerns.In a word-association test, a subject is presented with a list of about 100 words as stimuli. Each word is chosen by the tester and the subject is required to respond with the first word that comes into his or her mind on hearing the stimulus word. The tester notes the
35、subjects response time for each of the words with the use of a chronometer.It is argued that if the subject is emotionally indifferent to a stimulus word, the response time for the reaction is very short. If, on the other hand, the stimulus word carries emotional significance for the subject, the re
36、sponse time is likely to be significantly longer. In addition, reactions to significant words may also include hesitation, stuttering, involuntary movement or other symptoms of disturbance.Jung, who used word-association tests in the early part of his career, showed that family members, in particula
37、r mothers and daughters and husbands and wives, exhibited similar responses to the same stimulus words. He argued that this indicated a failure to achieve individuation and was indicative of the potentially negative dynamics that exist in family relationships.In a test carried out by Donald D. Jaffe
38、, a pioneer of word-association tests, a subject was observed to exhibit delay and disturbance in response to the words “friend“, “bottle“, and “fight“. Jaffe suggested that the subject had been involved in a drunken fight with a friend in which a window had been broken. The subject admitted that su
39、ch an experience had, indeed, taken place and that the friend had asked the subject to pay for the damages resulting from injuries he had received.43 Associationist theories_.（A）were useful only for studying how people think（B） were first used by Jung in word-association tests（C） formed the basis fo
40、r Pavlovs notion of conditioning（D）were used to assess a persons vocabulary44 According to the passage, a chronometer is a device to measure_.（A）time（B） facial expressions（C） voice（D）association between words45 In a word-association test, _can be significant.（A）the time of response（B） the word provi
41、ded by a subject（C） facial expressions of the subject on hearing the word（D）all of the above46 According to Jung, _.（A）the father and the daughter in a family responded quite differently to a word stimulus（B） the similarity of the responses in a family indicated that the family members got on well w
42、ith each other（C） the similarity of the responses in a family indicated that children in the family were not capable of individual thinking（D）if members in a family responded similarly to a word stimulus, the family was going to break up47 Jaffes experiment shows that_.（A）the word-association test i
43、s very powerful（B） word-association tests can be used only for assessing unpleasant experiences（C） the subject was an aggressive man（D）the friend was right in asking the subject to pay for the injuries48 The passage mainly talks about the significance of word-association tests in assessing_.（A）peopl
44、es cognitive styles（B） peoples emotional concerns（C） peoples potentials for a task（D）family relationships48 When we feel stressed, our adrenal glands release a peptide called Cortisol. Our body responds with Cortisol whether it faces physical, environmental, academic, or emotional danger. This trigg
45、ers a string of physical reactions including depression of the immune system, tensing of the large muscles, blood-clotting, and increasing blood pressure. Its the perfect response to the unexpected presence of a sable-toothed tiger. But in school, that kind of response leads to problems. Chronically
46、 high Cortisol levels lead to the death of brain cells in the hippocampus, which is critical to explicit memory formation.These physical changes are significant. Stanford scientist Robert Sapolsky found that atrophy levels in the hippocampus of Vietnam veterans with PTSD (post-traumatic stress disor
47、der) ranged from 8 to 24 percent above the control group. Chronic stress also impairs a students ability to sort out whats important and whats not. Jacobs and Nadel (1985) suggest that thinking and memory are affected under stress. The brains short-term memory and ability to form long-term memories
48、are inhibited.There are other problems. Chronic stress makes students more susceptible to illness. In one study, students showed a depressed immune system at test time; they had lower levels of an important antibody for fighting infection. This may explain the vicious academic cycle; more test stres
49、s means more sickness, which means poor health and missed classes, which contribute to lower test scores.A stressful physical environment is linked to student failure. Crowded conditions, poor student relationships, and even lighting can matter. Optometrist Ray Gottlieb says that school stress causes vision problems. That in
