1、MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷 8 及答案与解析一、Section III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.0 What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life
2、 in it ought to be, such consensus cannot be gained from societys present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only
3、 through a shared understanding of the past, as Homers epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies. Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a
4、common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and tha
5、t it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modern man, “tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new
6、therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for“. There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose. Contrary to rigid religions or political
7、 beliefs, as are found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of the great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory; but this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because our is a society based on individual diversity, it need
8、s consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth-a vision about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only
9、a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off
10、feelings of isolations, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness-in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.1 In the authors view, the greatest trouble with the U.S. society lies in the（A）lack of serious disagreement over the organizations of social life.（B） non-exis
11、tence of unanimity on the forms the society should take.（C） general denying of its conformity with what it was unexpected to be.（D）public negation of the consensus on how to conduct social reforms. 2 Homers epics mentioned in Paragraph I exemplify the fact that（A）the present is varying too fast to b
12、e caught up easily.（B） the future may be so indefinite as to be unpredictable.（C） the past can help to shape a consensus in the present.（D）the past determines social moralities for later generations. 3 The asocial personality of Americans results from（A）the multiracial constituents of the U.S. socie
13、ty.（B） the absence of a common religion and ancestry.（C） the want of shared myths they possess in life.（D）the obstruction of achieving a general agreement. 4 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Christopher Lash is most probably（A）an earnest nationalist.（B） an advanced psychologist.（C） a radical
14、 reformer.（D）a social historian. 5 The author concludes that only shared myths can help Americans（A）to bring about the uniformity of their culture.（B） to diminish their great individual differences.（C） to avoid the sense of being isolated and anxious.（D）to regain the feelings of social values and mo
15、rale. 5 Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of
16、intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at so
17、me form of school discipline, is “intelligent“; yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day. If you are happy, if you live each mome
18、nt for everything its worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intel
19、ligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D. -Nervous Break Down. “Intelligent“ people do not have N.B.D. because they are in charge of themselves; they know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of their l
20、ives. You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disag
21、reements, conflicts and compromises are part of what it means to be a human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and
22、 unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.6 The conventional notion of intelligence measure
23、d in terms of ones ability to read, write and compute（A）is a widely held but wrong concept.（B） will help eliminate intellectual prejudice.（C） is the root of all mental distress.（D）will contribute to ones self-fulfillment. 7 It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree（A）may result i
24、n ones inability to solve complex real-life problems.（B） does not indicate ones ability to write properly worded documents.（C） may make one mentally sick and physically weak.（D）does not mean that one is highly intelligent. 8 What does the word “trying“ (Para. 4) most probably mean?（A）Troublesome.（B）
25、 Encouraging.（C） Agreeable.（D）Reasonable. 9 In the last paragraph, the author tells us that（A）difficulties are but part of everyones life.（B） depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life.（C） everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances.（D）good feelings can contribute to eventual academ
26、ic excellence. 10 According to the passage, which people are rare?（A）Those who dont emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happiness.（B） Those who are aware of difficulties in life but know how to avoid unhappiness.（C） Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer
27、 from N.B.Ds.（D）Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying circumstances. MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷 8 答案与解析一、Section III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers o
28、n ANSWER SHEET 1.【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 细节题。文章第一段指出，目前我们社会最难受的就是缺乏对“一致意见应该是什么”以及“一致意见的灵魂应该是什么”这类问题的一致意见；现阶段，不可能从社会获得这种一致意见，或者不可能从“一致意见应该是什么”的幻想中获得这样的一致意见。这说明：目前最大的问题就是不可能从社会获得一致意见。这与 B 项的意思相符。A、C 和 D 都与文章的意思不符。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 结构题。文章第一段指出，对于一致意见，当前太接近并且太多变，而未来又太不确定，所以不可能对它做出可信的断言；因此，
29、目前的一致意见只能通过对过去共有的理解才能获得，正如荷马史诗告知几个世纪之后的人们一致意见对于希腊人来说意味着什么，他们又是依靠什么样的形象和理想生活，并构造社会。这说明，通过对过去共有的理解可以获得一致意见。这与 C 项的意思相符。A 、B明显与文章的意思不符；文中没有提到 D。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 细节题。文章第二段指出，大多数社会从悠久的历史、共同的语言、共同的信仰以及共同的祖先那里获得一致意见，他们赖以生活的神话就是基于所有这些东西；但是，美国是一个移民国家，这些移民来自于许多国家；近来，得到强调的是，以自我为中心的、自我陶醉的个性已经成为美国人的特性
30、，正是这种个性导致了美国缺少安宁，因为这种个性妨碍我们达成一致意见。这说明，美国人以自我为中心的个性源于多民族的社会。这与 A 项的意思相符。 B、C 和 D 都与文章的意思不符。【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推论题。文章第二段指出，在研究自我陶醉的过程中，克里斯托夫 拉西说，现代入由于受自我意识的折磨，转而求助新的疗法。人们这样做并不是为了使自己摆脱个人的苦恼，而是为了弄清生活的意义和目的，是为了寻找盼望的东西。这说明，克里斯托夫拉西研究的是社会问题，因此他可能是一名社会学家。这与 D 项的意思相符。A、B 和 C 都与文章的意思不符。【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正
31、确答案】 C【试题解析】 归纳题。文章最后一段指出，只有一种共有的神话才能减轻人们的这种恐惧生活是没有意义或目的的；神话是共有的幻想，这些幻想构成了一种纽带，而这种纽带把个体同他所在群体的其他成员联系在一起；神话帮助消除了孤立、内疚、焦虑以及漫无目的的感觉简而言之，这种神话防止了孤立以及社会的道德标准和价值观的衰败。这说明，共有的神话能够帮助美国人摆脱孤立、内疚、焦虑以及漫无目的的感觉。这与 C 项的意思相符。文中没有提到 A、B；D 与文章的意思不相符。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 细节题。文章第一段指出，有这样的一种观念智力是根据你解决复杂问
32、题的能力来衡量的；是根据某种程度的读、写和计算能力衡量的；是根据你迅速解答深奥的方程式的能力衡量的；这种对智力的看法声称，正规的教育与好学的美德是自我实现的真正衡量尺度；它鼓励一种智力歧视；我们开始相信，那些获得较多学习优质奖章和擅长某一学科的人就是“聪明之士”；然而，精神病院满是拥有各种精美证书的病人。这说明，以前，人们按照一个人的读、写和计算能力来衡量他是否聪明，但事实证明这种观念不对。这与 A 项的意思相符。B 、D 与文章的意思相反；文中没有提到 C。【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推论题。文章第一段指出，我们开始相信，那些获得较多学习优质奖章和擅长某一学科的人
33、就是“聪明之士”；然而，精神病院满是拥有各种精美证书的病人。这说明，拥有大学文凭并不一定表示拥有者聪明。这与 D 项的意思相符。文中没有提到 A、C；B 与文章的意思不符。【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 词义题。文章第四段指出，根据你如何面对逆境的情况，你可以开始考虑自己是不是真正的聪明之士；我们每个人的人生奋斗目标都非常相似；每个与任何社会环境中的其他人有关联的人都面临着相同的困难。这说明，该单词的意思应该是“艰难的”。这与 A 项的意思相符。B、C 和 D 都与文章的意思不符。【知识模块】 阅读理解9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 主旨题。文章最后一段指出，我们每个
34、人的人生奋斗目标都非常相似，每个与任何社会环境中的其他人有关联的人都面临着相同的困难；争执、冲突与妥协是成为人生的一部分；金钱、衰老、疾病、死亡、自然灾害与事故等实际上是给所有人带来问题的所有事情。这说明，作者认为，在人生的奋斗中都会有艰辛、困苦，这些都只是一个人生活中的一部分。这与 A 项的意思相符。B 明显不符合文章的意思；文中没有提到 C、D。【知识模块】 阅读理解10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 细节题。文章最后一段后半部分指出，尽管发生了这样的事情，一些人还是能够获得成功，能够避免沉溺于沮丧与苦恼之中，而其他人则颓丧了，或是患了精神失常症；只有那些把困难当作一种人类处境、不根据困难的有无来衡量快乐的人才是我们所知的最聪明的人，也是最杰出之士。这说明，那些了解生活，知道如何避免苦恼的人才是杰出之士。这与 B 项的意思相符。A 、C 和 D 都与文章的意思不符。【知识模块】 阅读理解
