1、考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷 8 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 About 3 billion people live within 100 miles of the sea, a number that could double in the next decade as humans flock to coastal cities like gulls. The
2、oceans produce $ 3 trillion of goods and services each year and untold value for the Earths ecology. Life could not exist without these vast water reservesand, if anything, they are becoming even more important to humans than before.Mining is about to begin under the seabed in the high seasthe regio
3、ns outside the exclusive economic zones administered by coastal and island nations, which stretch 200 nautical miles offshore. Nineteen exploratory licences have been issued. New summer shipping lanes are opening across the Arctic Ocean. The genetic resources of marine life promise a pharmaceutical
4、bonanza: the number of patents has been rising at 12% a year. One study found that genetic material from the seas is a hundred times more likely to have anti-cancer properties than that from terrestrial life.But these developments are minor compared with vaster forces reshaping the Earth, both on la
5、nd and at sea. It has long been clear that people are damaging the oceanswitness the melting of the Arctic ice in summer, the spread of oxygen starved dead zones and the death of coral reefs. Now, the consequences of that damage are starting to be felt onshore.Thailand provides a vivid example. In t
6、he 1990s it cleared coastal mangrove swamps to set up shrimp farms. Ocean storm surges in 2011, no longer cushioned by the mangroves, rushed in to flood the countrys industrial heartland, causing billions of dollars of damage.More serious is the global mismanagement of fish stocks. About 3 billion p
7、eople get a fifth of their protein from fish, making it a more important protein source than beef. But a vicious cycle has developed as fish stocks decline and fishermen race to grab what they can of the remainder. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO), a third of fish stocks in th
8、e oceans are over-exploited; some estimates say the proportion is more than half. One study suggested that stocks of big predatory speciessuch as tuna, swordfish and marlinmay have fallen by as much as 90% since the 1950s. People could be eating much better, were fishing stocks properly managed.1 Ac
9、cording to the first paragraph, which one is NOT true?（A）The oceans produce numerous benefits for the Earths ecology.（B） A large number of people enjoy living by the sea or in coastal cities.（C） The oceans would produce $ 6 trillion of goods and services in the next decade.（D）The number of people li
10、ving by the sea could probably be 6 billion in ten years.2 The oceans are about to be explored because_.（A）marine life has more medical value than land life（B） human beings have the right to explore the nature（C） they are unknown and mysterious to human being（D）the exploration will bring great econo
11、mic benefits3 Consequences of damaging the oceans include all EXCEPT_.（A）vanishing of marine organisms（B） emergence of ocean storm surges（C） expansion of areas of oxygen deficit（D）change of climate and rise of temperature4 Thailand is mentioned in the text to_.（A）reveal the importance of coastal man
12、grove（B） serve as an example of the power of nature（C） show the results of damaging the environment（D）prove Thailand is not suitable for breeding shrimp5 We can learn from the last paragraph that_.（A）a fifth of people in the world get their protein from fish（B） FAO predicts that a third of ocean res
13、ources are over-exploited（C） many predatory species in the ocean have disappeared since 1950s（D）the number of fish has fallen greatly because of human exploitation5 Kentucky is famous mainly for fried chicken, bourbon and horse-racing. Few people think of it as a manufacturing powerhouse. But the bl
14、uegrass state is not only the third largest car manufacturer in America; thanks to its central location, it has become a huge logistics hub and now also ranks third among American states in air-cargo shipments.At the states Louisville airport, United Parcel Services 120-acre site resembles a giant S
15、antas grotto, with parcels containing everything from food to medicines to cuddly toys racing around 155 miles of conveyor belts. When the facility was opened in 1982, it handled 2,000 packages every night; now it deals with that number every 17 seconds, mostly automatically.Seventy aeroplanes can b
16、e parked outside the hubs five wings, and each can be loaded or unloaded in 20 minutes. Some 250 flights depart every day. The airport is no more than two hours flight from 75% of Americas population and four hours from 95% of it.But only one in ten of UPSs packages go by air. The state is within 60
17、0 miles of 60% of the nations population, so most of them travel by road. Trucks fan out not just from UPSs facility but also from that of a rival delivery group, DHL, farther north. Being able to receive and send goods quickly makes all the difference to a business like Geek Squad, which has a site
18、 of 240,000 square feet just a few miles from Louisville, employing 1 ,350 staff. The company handles all the repairs for Best Buy, an electronics retailer. Customers hand in their phones and laptops at their local shop, from where they are trucked to the Louisville facility. The first delivery arri
19、ves at 5 am and the last truck leaves at 11 pm. Over half the products are sent back to the customers the next day.Nearby Cafe Press handles online orders for a wide range of customised goods, from T-shirts to mugs to wedding invitations. On Cyber Monday, just after Thanksgiving, it had 100,000 orde
20、rs to fill. As well as UPS, Cafe Press uses Federal Expresss hub in Memphis, Tennessee, six hours drive away. Good internet connections and cheap power are vital for the company. It has a backup server on site and enjoys the sixth-lowest power costs in the country, according to the Kentucky Associat
21、ion for Economic Development.6 Kentucky has the advantages EXCEPT_.（A）production of vehicles（B） good-sized logistic center（C） aerial transportation of goods（D）fried chicken, horse race and tobacco7 The United Parcel Service_.（A）transports various kinds of goods（B） can finish a package in 17 seconds（
22、C） deals with 2,000 packages every night（D）handles a large number of parcels by hand8 According to Paragraphs 3 rapid changes there could have knock-on effects elsewhere. Whether or not that is happening was a question addressed by Jennifer Francis, an atmospheric scientist at Rutgers University. It
23、 is a topical subject. Along with much of the rest of America, Chicago endured a fierce and prolonged cold snap in January, in which temperatures fell to -27C, the lowest since 1884. Meanwhile, Brits at the conference were fleeing a country that had been soaked by the heaviest winter rains in two an
24、d a half centuries, and battered by a seemingly endless succession of Atlantic storms and gales.Campaigners in both countries have been quick to blame climate change for the rotten weather. But things are rarely so straightforward in climatology. The best Dr Francis could offer was a theory as to wh
25、y a warmer Arctic might be expected to lead to wilder weather in mid-latitudes, and some tentative but suggestive evidence that this is already happening.Her idea rests on the jet stream, a powerful, persistent, high-altitude “ river of air“ which flows around the world from west to east, affecting
26、the weather as it goes. The jet stream is driven in part by the temperature difference between cold Arctic air and the warmer air of middle latitudes. Because the Arctic is warming more rapidly than the rest of the planet, that difference is shrinking. This ought to produce a less potent jet stream.
27、 And a less potent jet stream is a more unpredictable one.11 Pessimistic researchers foretell that_.（A）climate change will slowly show up in decades（B） ice of the Arctic may melt in summer very soon（C） the Arctic temperature has been the hottest in 2,000 years（D）global temperatures are 2C higher tha
28、n long-term average12 What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?（A）Climate change of the ocean may have impact on the land as well.（B） Chicagos cold temperature is unrelated to the warming of the Arctic.（C） The whole America has experienced the lowest temperature since 1884.（D）Britain has been suffering
29、 from the heaviest storms and rains in history.13 Dr Francis suggests that_.（A）climate change causes bad weather in England（B） things are seldom straightforward in climatology（C） human being is to blame for the change of climate（D）ocean warming may result in bad weather on land14 We learn from the t
30、ext that jet stream_.（A）is a river at high altitude（B） gives rise to climate change（C） causes temperature difference（D）is to blame for global warming15 The best title for the text may be_.（A）Climate Change: Slow in Coming（B） Jet Stream: Cause of Climate Change（C） Climate Change: Quicker Than We Thin
31、k（D）Global Warming: More Serious Than Before15 The more parents talk to their children, the faster those childrens vocabularies grow and the better their intelligence develops. That might seem blindingly obvious, but it took until 1995 for science to show just how early in life the difference begins
32、 to matter. In that year Betty Hart and Todd Risley of the University of Kansas published the results of a decade-long study in which they had looked at how, and how much, 42 families in Kansas City conversed at home. Dr Hart and Dr Risley found a close correlation between the number of words a chil
33、ds parents had spoken to him by the time he was three and his academic success at the age of nine. At three, children born into professional families had heard 30m more words than those from a poorer background.This observation has profound implications for policies about babies and their parents. I
34、t suggests that sending children to “pre-school“(nurseries or kindergartens)at the age of foura favoured step among policymakerscomes too late to compensate for educational shortcomings at home. Happily, understanding of how childrens vocabularies develop is growing, as several presentations at this
35、 years meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS)showed.One of the most striking revelations came from Anne Fernald of Stanford University, who has found that the disparity starts at the tender age of 18 months, when most toddlers speak only a dozen words, those from di
36、sadvantaged families are several months behind other, more favoured children. Indeed, Dr Fernald thinks the differentiation starts at birth.She measures how quickly toddlers process language by sitting them on their mothers laps and showing them two images; a dog and a ball, say. A recorded voice te
37、lls the toddler to look at the ball while a camera records his reaction. This lets Dr Fernald note the moment the childs gaze begins shifting towards the correct image. At 18 months, toddlers from better-off backgrounds can identify the correct object in 750 milliseconds200 milliseconds faster than
38、those from poorer families. This, says Dr Fernald, is a huge difference.16 According to Dr Hart and Dr Risley, _.（A）the third year is the most important in a childs life（B） children from rich families will be more successful（C） vocabulary has nothing to do with childrens academic success（D）parents w
39、ith higher education tend to talk more to their children17 The authors attitude towards present pre-school age is_.（A）pessimistic（B） doubtful（C） optimistic（D）indifferent18 We can infer from the second paragraph that_.（A）children can go to school earlier than they usually do（B） poor families can get
40、compensation from the government（C） AAAS revealed that American childrens vocabularies are growing（D）there is nothing we can do to remedy educational disadvantages in the family19 The underlined word “toddlers“(Para 3, Line 2)refers to_.（A）doctors（B） students（C） families（D）children20 Dr Fernalds exp
41、eriment shows that_.（A）children can learn very quickly（B） we can teach children with pictures（C） childrens gap starts at an early age（D）poor-family children learn much better考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷 8 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C
42、 or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 选项A 对应第一段第二句： The oceans produce $3 trillion of goods and serviceseach year and untold value for the Earths ecology其中，numerous benefits=untold value，故该项表述正确。选项 B对应第一句：About 3 billion people live within 100 miles of the sea，a num-ber that could double in th
43、e next decade as humans flock to coastal cities like gulls其中 humansflock to coastal cities=people enjoy living in coastal cities，故该项表述正确。选项C 属于无中生有，错误。选项D 对应第一句的 “a number that could double in the next decade”，从而推断该项表述正确。综上所述，该题答案为选项C。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据题干中的 oceans，about to be explored 等信息定
44、位到第二段第一句：Mining isabout to begin under the seabed in the high seas其中miningunder the seabed 对应 oceans tobe explored。而人们探索海洋的原因出现在该段最后两句：The genetic resources of marine lifepromise a pharmaceutical bonanzaOne study found that genetic material from the seas is a hundredtimes more likely to have antican
45、cer properties than that from terrestrial life即便看不懂 The ge-netic resources of marine life promise a pharmaceutical bonanza 这一句，我们至少能知道原因是因为 marine life，而四个选项中唯有选项A出现了这个词，从而可以推断该项为答案。该句的 pharmaceutical 表示“制药的”，bonanza表示“富矿，财源”，总体上来说 pharmaceutical bonanza 相当于 medical value，故选项A为答案。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 B
46、【试题解析】 根据题干中的 consequences of damaging the oceans 定位到第三段最后一句：Now，the consequences of that damage ale starting to be felt onshore这句话之前也提到一句：It has longbeen clear that people are damaging the oceans-witness the melting of the Arctic ice in summer，the spread of oxygen starved dead zones and the death o
47、f coral reefs其中破折号后面的内容就是damaging the oceans 的具体体现。其中 witness the melting of the Arctic ice in summer 对应Dchange of climate and rise of temperature；the spread of oxygen starved dead zones 对应Cexpansion of areas of oxygen deficit；the death of coral reefs 对应Avanishing of marine organisms。而B项的 emergence
48、of ocean storm surges 在第四段第三句有提到，但是风暴潮的出现并不是破坏海洋造成的，故本题答案为选项B。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据 Thailand 一词定位到第四段。该段首句提到：Thailand provides a vivid exampie而这段话是举例说明上一段结尾提到的这个句子：Now，the consequences of that damageare starting to be felt onshore故本段提到Thailand 的目的是为了举例说明破坏海洋在陆地上产生的后果，与之最接近的选项是Cshow the result
49、s of damaging the environment(证明破坏环境的结果)。故该题答案为选项C 。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 选项A 对应最后一段第二句： About 3 billion people get a fifth of their protein fromfish该句说的是 About 3 billion people，而不是 a fifth of people in the world。故该项属于偷换概念，因此该项错误。选项B对应中间一句：According to the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)，a third of fish stocks in the oceans are overexploited注意，原文说的是 a third offish stocks，而不是该项说的 a third of ocean resources，故该项也是偷换概念
