1、考研英语模拟试卷 308 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Are teens and young adults more narcissistic (自恋的 ) today than in the past? Thats the view of a California researcher who studies【1】p
2、eople. In her new book, The Narcissism【2】: Living in the Age of Entitlement, psychologist Jean Twenge of San Diego State University and【3】W. Keith Campbell of the University of Georgia say research shows【4】young people today have “narcissistic traits“ than in【5】generations. Such traits, Twenge says,
3、 include a very.【6】and inflated sense of self, which is【7】by a preoccupation with MySpace, Facebook and YouTube. “Weve been on this self-admiration cultural【8】for a long time,“ Twenge says.【9】Twenges take on todays young people isnt universal. Studies by other researchers, including Canadian【10】Dr.
4、Kali of the University of Western Ontario, have used the same data but found【11】results. “They put a different【12】on it,“ Kali says. Twenges studies have found more narcissistic traits and a【13】rate of increase among college students today, but Kali found that students narcissism was【14】greater in 2
5、006 than in 1976. Twenges most recent paper studied the same data as Kali-more than 20 000 college students from 2002 to 2007.【15】researchers used the Narcissistic Personality Inventory to measure narcissistic【16】and findings by both have been【17】in peerreviewed journals. Twenges book【18】just a mont
6、h after The Mirror Effect : How Celebrity Narcissism Is Seducing America, a book co-written by behavioral【19】Drew Pinsky,【20】suggested that a celebrity-obsessed culture is causing more narcissism.（A）old（B） changeable（C） young（D）depressed （A）Epidemic（B） Disease（C） Period（D）Spell （A）co-author（B） patie
7、nt（C） leader（D）officer （A）less（B） more（C） decreasing（D）many （A）primary（B） original（C） previous（D）initial （A）passive（B） rational（C） negative（D）positive （A）criticized（B） illustrated（C） advocated（D）despised （A）upset（B） kick（C） irritant（D）stimulant （A）Then（B） And（C） Also（D）But （A）psychologist（B） archaeo
8、logist（C） philosopher（D）physicist （A）similar（B） different（C） strange（D）odd （A）information（B） result（C） opinion（D）consequence （A）weaker（B） faster（C） lower（D）slower （A）much（B） no（C） so（D）far （A）Neither（B） Either（C） Both（D）Each （A）tendencies（B） addictions（C） hobbies（D）fascinations （A）rejected（B） report
9、ed（C） accepted（D）published （A）receives（B） gets（C） arrives（D）achieves （A）amateur（B） fan（C） expert（D）enthusiast （A）what（B） whom（C） when（D）which Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 It is the worlds fourth-most-imp
10、ortant food crop, after maize, wheat and rice. It provides more calories, more quickly, using less land and in a wider range of climates than any Other plant. It is, of Course, the potato. The United Nations has declared 2008 the International Year of the Potato. It hopes that greater awareness of t
11、he merits of potatoes will contribute to the achievement of its Millennium Development Goals, by helping to alleviate poverty, improve food security and promote economic development. It is always the international year of this or month of that. But the potatos unusual history means it is well worth
12、celebrating by readers of The Economist because the potato is intertwined with economic development, trade liberalisation and globalisation. Unlikely though it seems, the potato promoted economic development by underpinning the industrial revolution in England in the 19th century. It provided a chea
13、p source of calories and was easy to cultivate, so it liberated workers from the land. Potatoes became popular in the north of England, as people there specialised in livestock farming and domestic industry, while farmers in the south (where the soil was more suitable ) concentrated on wheat product
14、ion. By a happy accident, this concentrated industrial activity in the regions where coal was readily available, and a potato-driven population boom provided ample workers for the new factories. Friedrich Engels even declared that the potato was the equal of iron for its “historically revolutionary
15、role“. The potato promoted free trade by contributing to the abolition of Britains Corn Laws-the cause which prompted the founding of The Economist in 1843. The Corn Laws restricted imports of grain into the United Kingdom in order to protect domestic wheat producers. Landowners supported the laws,
16、since cheap imported grain would reduce their income, but industrialists opposed them because imports would drive down the cost of food, allowing people to spend more on manufactured goods. Ultimately it was not the eloquence of the arguments against the Corn Laws that led to their abolition-and mor
17、es the pity. It was the tragedy of the Irish potato famine of 1845, in which 1million Irish perished when the potato crop on which they subsisted succumbed to blight. The need to import grain to relieve the situation in Ireland forced the government, which was dominated by landowners who backed the
18、Corn Laws, to reverse its position. This paved the way for liberalisation in other areas, and free trade became British policy. As the Duke of Wellington complained at the time, “rotten potatoes have done it all. “ In the form of French fries, served alongside burgers and Coca-Cola, potatoes are now
19、 an icon of globalisation. This is quite a turnaround given the scepticism which first greeted them on their arrival in the Old World in the 16th century. Spuds were variously thought to cause leprosy, to be fit only for animals, to be associated with the devil or to be poisonous. They took hold in
20、18th century Europe only when war and famine meant there was nothing else to eat; people then realised just how versatile and reliable they were. As Adam Smith, one of the potatos many admirers, observed at the time, “The very general use which is made of potatoes in these kingdoms as food for man i
21、s a convincing proof that the prejudices of a nation, with regard to diet, however deeply rooted, are by no means unconquerable. “ Mashed, fried, boiled and roast, a humble tuber changed the world, and free-trading globalisers everywhere should celebrate it.21 According to the text, what are the fea
22、tures of potatoes?（A）Lower price, quicker growing speed, less land required, and wider range of climate.（B） More calories, quicker growing speed, less labor required in growing and processing, and wider range of climate.（C） More calories, quicker growing speed, less land required, and wider range of
23、 climate.（D）More calories, quicker growing speed, less land required, and wider range of products to be made of. 22 What is the ultimate purpose of establishing 2008 the International Year of the Potato?（A）Promote the sales volume of potatoes all over the globe.（B） Help the farmers that grow potatoe
24、s but are still in poverty.（C） Promote a greater awareness of the merits of potatoes among the public.（D）Alleviate poverty, improve food security and promote economic development. 23 Friedrich Engels declared that the potato was the equal of iron for its “ historically revolutionary role“, then acco
25、rding to the text, what does this “historically revolutionary role“ refer to?（A）Its high volume of production, and consequently lower price, greatly supported the workers in the factories then.（B） It liberated workers from the land, thus providing labour force for the industry.（C） It changed the agr
26、iculture structure of England, which ultimately resulted in a shift from an agricultural country to an industrial one.（D）It can provide more calories, thus saving land for cotton growing, and consequently boosting the textile industry. 24 According to the text, which of the following is NOT true abo
27、ut Britains Corn Laws?（A）These laws were ultimately abolished after a fierce argument in the Parliament.（B） Landowners supported the laws because domestic products were more expensive, and then they could gain more.（C） Industrialists opposed the laws because cheap imported grains would help them dev
28、elop the market.（D）Irish potato famine of 1845 directly forced the government to reverse its position of sustaining these laws. 25 Why were potatoes at last accepted by Europeans?（A）They changed their diet to a more diversified trend.（B） French fries swept all over the world alongside burgers and Co
29、ca-Cola.（C） Potatoes saved them when war and famine stroke Europe in 18th century.（D）It became very important goods for Europe in trading with Asia. 25 Twenty-seven years ago, Egypt revised its secular constitution to enshrine Muslim sharia as “the principal source of legislation“. To most citizens,
30、 most of the time, that seeming contradiction-between secularism and religion-has not made much difference. Nine in ten Egyptians are Sunni Muslims and expect Islam to govern such things as marriage, divorce and inheritance. Nearly all the rest profess Christianity or Judaism, faiths recognised and
31、protected in Islam. But to the small minority who embrace other faiths, or who have tried to leave Islam, it has, until lately, made an increasingly troubling difference. Members of Egypts 2,000-strong Bahai community, for instance, have found they cannot state their religion on the national identit
32、y cards that all Egyptians are obliged to produce to secure such things as drivers licenses, bank accounts, social insurance and state schooling. Hundreds of Coptic Christians who have converted to Islam, often to escape the Orthodox sects ban on divorce, find they cannot revert to their original fa
33、ith. In some cases, children raised as Christians have discovered that, because a divorced parent converted to Islam, they too have become officially Muslim, and cannot claim otherwise. Such restrictions on religious freedom are not directly a product of sharia, say human- rights campaigners, but ra
34、ther of rigid interpretations of Islamic law by over-zealous officials. In their strict view, Bahai belief cannot be recognised as a legitimate faith, since it arose in the 19th century, long after Islam staked its claim to be the final revelation in a chain of prophecies beginning with Adam. Likewi
35、se, they brand any attempt to leave Islam, whatever the circumstances, as a form of apostasy, punishable by death. But such views have lately been challenged. Last year Ali Gomaa, the Grand Mufti, who is the governments highest religious adviser, declared that nowhere in Islams sacred texts did it s
36、ay that apostasy need be punished in the present rather than by God in the afterlife. In the past month, Egyptian courts have issued two rulings that, while restricted in scope, should ease some bothersome strictures. Bahais may now leave the space for religion on their identity cards blank. Twelve
37、former Christians won a lawsuit and may now return to their original faith, on condition that their identity documents note their previous adherence to Islam. Small steps, perhaps, but they point the way towards freedom of choice and citizenship based on equal rights rather than membership of a priv
38、ileged religion.26 According to the text, what impact did the revision of Egypts secular constitution have on its citizens lives?（A）It did not make much difference to all the citizens.（B） Most of the Muslims felt that there was no much difference, but Christians, Judaists and people who embraced oth
39、er religions felt increasing troubles.（C） Muslims, Christians and Judaists were protected in Islam, thus feeling no much difference, while other who embraced other faiths felt increasingly troubling difference.（D）Only Buddhists were specially treated, while others not. 27 What trouble may people who
40、 are neither Muslims nor Christians nor Judaists encounter according to the text?（A）They cannot preserve their own customs.（B） They cannot state their religion on the national identity cards.（C） They will not be able to divorce.（D）They cannot leave Egypt. 28 Which of the following statements is TRUE
41、 according to the text?（A）Bahai belief is a legitimate faith according to some Islamic officials.（B） Any attempt to leave Islam will be punishable by death, whatever the situation is.（C） Bahai belief is a religion that boasts a long history.（D）Islamic officials tend to employ strict interpretations
42、of Islamic law when it comes to the issue of religious freedom. 29 What progress has now been made toward religious freedom?（A）They can revert to their original faith freely, as long as it is clearly stated on their ID cards that they used to be in Islam.（B） People may be freely reverted to their or
43、iginal faith, on condition that their children remain in Islam.（C） To those who converted to Islam, only their children can be reverted to their original faith.（D）The government has officially declared that such restriction on religious freedom would be abolished. 30 What is the main purpose of this
44、 text?（A）To introduce the status quo of religious freedom in Egypt.（B） To ask for help in alleviating the restricted religious freedom in Egypt.（C） To force the government into action of some changes.（D）To promote the idea that freedom of choice and citizenship shall be based on equal rights rather
45、than membership of a privileged religion. 30 Remember Second Life, the virtual world that was supposed to become almost as important as the first one? Now populated by no more than 84,000 avatars at a time, it has turned out to be a prime example of how short-lived Internet fads can be. Yet if many
46、adults seem to have given up on virtual worlds, those that cater to children and teenagers are thriving. Several have even found a way to make money. In America, nearly 10 million children and teenagers visit virtual worlds regularly, estimates eMarketer, a market researcher-a number the firm expect
47、s to increase to 15 million by 2013As in January, there were 112 virtual worlds designed for under-18s with another 81 in development, according to Engage Digital Media, a market research firm. All cater to different age groups and tastes. In Club Penguin, the market leader, which was bought by Disn
48、ey in 2007 for a whopping $ 700 million, primary-school children can take on a penguin persona, fit out their own igloo and play games. Habbo Hotel, a service run from Finland, is a global hangout for teenagers who want to customise their own rooms and meet in public places to attend events. Gala On
49、line, based in Silicon Valley, offers similar activities, but is visited mostly by older teens who are into Manga comics. Not a hit with advertisers, these online worlds earn most of their money from the sale of virtual goods, such as items to spruce up an avatar or a private room. They are paid for in a private currency, which members earn by participating in various activities, trading items or buying them with real dollars. This sort of stealth tax seems to work. At Gala Online, users spend more than $1 million per month on virtual items, says Craig Sherman,
