1、考研英语模拟试卷 316 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media
2、 affects the lives of our young by acting as a (an)【1】for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it【2】a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the【3】of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest.【4】by what
3、 is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly【 5】themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the【6】of violence in the media and its【 7】 harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media【8】, such
4、as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these media,【9】television,【10】public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation【11】by the media, is body image.【12】forces can influence body image positi
5、vely or negatively.【13】one, societaland cultural norms and mass media marketing【14】our concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images of【15】beauty fill magazines and newspapers,【16】from our televisions and entertain us【17】the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media【18】on accepted cultural val
6、ues of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a【19】 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n)【20】that carries unrealistic physical expectations.（A）alternative（B） preference（C） substitute（D）representative（A）accomplishes（B） fulfills（C） provides（D）suffices（A）risk（B） me
7、rcy（C） height（D）expense（A）Absorbed（B） Attracted（C） Aroused（D）Addicted（A）identify（B） recognize（C） unify（D）equate（A）abundance（B） incidence（C） prevalence（D）recurrence（A）disposed（B） hidden（C） implicit（D）potential（A）merged（B） emerged（C） immerged（D）submerged（A）apart from（B） much as（C） but for（D）along with
8、（A）promote（B） propel（C） prompt（D）prosper（A）inspired（B） imposed（C） delivered（D）contributed（A）External（B） Exterior（C） Explicit（D）Exposed（A）As（B） At（C） For（D）In（A）mark（B） effect（C） impact（D）shock（A）generalized（B） regularized（C） standardized（D）categorized（A）boom（B） bottom（C） brim（D）beam（A）over（B） with（C
9、） on（D）at（A）play（B） take（C） profit（D）resort（A）barely（B） carefully（C） narrowly（D）subjectively（A）ideal（B） image（C） stereotype（D）criterionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 No doll outshines Barbies celebrity. If
10、 all the Barbies and her family members-Skipper, Francie and the rest-sold since 1959 were placed head to toe, they would circle the Earth more than seven times. And sales are sure to boom in 2009, when the fashion doll celebrates her 50th birthday on March 9th. Barbie will star at an array of globa
11、l events honouring her milestone, possibly including a glitzy affair at New Yorks Fashion Week in February (most of the worlds top fashion designers, from Givenchy to Alexander McQueen, have designed haute couture for her). On her birthday, Mattel, the company that makes her, will launch a souvenir
12、doll honouring the original Barbie in her black-and-white striped swimsuit and perfect ponytail. It will be available for purchase only that one day. Another Golden Anniversary doll targets collectors. Barbie fans have planned hundreds of events, including the National Barbie Doll Collectors Convent
13、ion in Washington, DC, which is already sold out. When Ruth Handler created Barbie in 1959, a post-war culture and economy thrived but girls still played with baby dolls. These toys limited the imagination; so Handler introduced Barbie the Teen-Age Fashion Model, named after her daughter, Barbara. J
14、ackie Kennedy soon sashayed onto the world stage and Barbie already had a wardrobe fit for a first lady. Barbie bestowed on girls the opportunity to dream beyond suburbia, even if Ken at times tagged along. Barbie entranced Europe in 1961 and now sells in 150 countries. Every second three Barbies ar
15、e sold around the world. Her careers are myriad-model, astronaut, Olympic swimmer, palaeontologist and rock star, along with 100 others, including president. Like any political candidate, controversy hit Barbie in 1992 when Teen Talk Barbie said “Math class is tough“ and girls education became a nat
16、ional issue. She has been banned (in Saudi Arabia), tortured (by pre-teen girls, according to researchers at the University of Baths School of Management) and fattened (in 1997). Feminists continue to bash Barbie, claiming that her beauty and curves treat women as objects. But others see her as a pi
17、oneer trendsetter, crashing the glass ceiling long before Hillary Clinton cracked it. High-tech entertainment now attracts girls and Barbie also faces fierce competition from various copycats including the edgier, but less glare, Bratz dolls. The Bratz suffered a setback in 2008Mattel sued MGA Enter
18、tainment, Bratzs producer, for copyright infringement. A judge awarded Mattel $100 million in damages. Mattel has smartly ensured that Barbie products reflect current trends. Through two Barbie websites, girls can design clothes, network and play games. The pink Barbie brand is licensed for products
19、 from DVDs and MP3 players to bicycles and even 24-carat gold and crystal jewellery. Barbie collectors fuel an entire global industry on eBay and at conventions. To entice collectors, Mattel regularly releases pricey limited-edition dolls based on characters in films and popular culture. Industry an
20、alysts believe Barbie will remain a bestselling and lasting icon regardless of competition. “Barbies been out in the world and had fun, and shes ready for her second career,“ says Rachel Weingarten, a pop culture expert. “I dont see her adopting five children from five different countries, but I cou
21、ld see Barbie with a conscience, activist Barbie. “ At 50 Barbie will also be a marvel of plastic surgery and eternal youth. And she still knows how to party.21 What is Ruth Handlers motivation of creating Barbie?（A）Physical scarcity after World War II.（B） Unavailability of dolls for teenagers.（C） I
22、ncapacity of education institutions in post-war Europe.（D）Peoples desire for a new doll. 22 What does “Her careers are myriad“ refer to?（A）Barbie is designed by people with various careers.（B） Barbie can be used in many different careers.（C） Barbie is welcomed by people of all professions.（D）Barbie
23、exhibits images of people in various professions. 23 What can you tell from? But others see her as a pioneer trendsetter, crashing the glass ceiling long before Hillary Clinton cracked it“?（A）Barbie dolls are all contained in glass containers.（B） Barbie as an icon shows the trend of breaking the gen
24、der prejudice.（C） Barbie dolls factories have glass ceiling.（D）Hillary Clinton used Barbie doll for her presidency campaign. 24 According to the text, what competitions does Barbie face?（A）Girls now do not like Barbie.（B） Other companies produce similar products as Barbie.（C） The sales volume is lik
25、ely to drop in the coming years.（D）The company is facing serious financial crisis. 25 Which is NOT right according to Rachel Weingartens comment in the last paragraph?（A）Barbie has already been an icon of a pop culture.（B） Barbie can still stimulate peoples enthusiasm.（C） Barbie has produced differe
26、nt models in different countries.（D）Barbie will assume a new role in the pop culture. 25 With one eye turned towards keeping its own economy on track and the other trained fearfully on the impact of the global economic downturn, China has announced a four trillion yuan ($ 586 billion) stimulus packa
27、ge, the largest in the countrys history. Unveiled by Chinas State Council on the evening of Sunday November 9th, the two-year spending initiative will inject funds into ten sectors, including health care, education, low- income housing, environmental protection, schemes to promote technological inno
28、vation, and transport and other infrastructure projects. The government also says that some of the spending will be directed to reconstruction efforts in areas battered by natural disasters, such as Sichuan province which was devastated by a massive earthquake in May. “Over the past two months, the
29、global financial crisis has been intensifying daily,“ the State Council said in a statement. “In expanding investment, we must be fast and heavy- handed. “ News of the stimulus package has been welcomed by global investors. Asian and European stock markets rose on Monday, with American markets also
30、climbing. Chinas decisive move is likely to please foreign governments which are now grappling with the global downturn. It comes a few days before the Chinese president is scheduled to attend a global economic summit in Washington D. C. , and a day after Hu Jintao had spoken by phone to the America
31、n president-elect, Barack Obama, about the global economic crisis and other issues. Chinas government has so far provided few details of when the money will be spent or how it will be divided. Officials do say that fourth quarter investment for this year will total 400 billion yuan, including 20 bil
32、lion yuan brought forward from next years central government budget. If fully realised, the two-year spending spree would amount to about 16% of Chinas annual gross domestic product. The newly announced measures also include a loosening of credit policies and tax cuts. The plan calls for reforms in
33、the countrys value-added tax regime that would save industry 120 billion yuan, according to an estimate by the government. Credit ceilings for commercial banks are to be abolished in the hope of channelling more capital to small enterprises, rural areas and unspecified “priority projects“. The gover
34、nment is concerned about the potential for frivolous or speculative investments, so the State Council also decreed at its meeting on Sunday that credit expansion must be “rational“ and should “target spheres that would promote and consolidate the expansion of consumer credit“. Finding ways to get Ch
35、inese consumers spending should be a priority. Unleashing domestic demand has been a longstanding goal of Chinese policymakers, but Chinese consumers-with few of their health-care or retirement needs reliably met either by employers or the state-often prefer to save. China has sustained double-digit
36、 economic growth rates over the past five years but the economy has been slowing, considerably in some sectors. The economy logged a growth rate of 11.9% last year, but many forecasters believe that it will dip below 10% this year, with fourth-quarter growth down to 6% or even lower. Growth rates in
37、 that range may be the envy of recession-battered economies, but mark signs of trouble for China. It is an article of faith among many economists-and a view publicly stated earlier this year by the Chinese Prime Minister, Wen Jiabao-that China needs a growth rate of at least 7% to avoid massive unem
38、ployment. The country has been hurt in recent months by softening export markets, depressed domestic property values and stock markets, and declining consumer and investor confidence.26 According to the second paragraph, which of the following is NOT within the scope of the first two years stimulus
39、package?（A）A residence district built for low-income citizens.（B） New railway connecting two provinces in Western China.（C） Environment pollution control project in Taihu Lake area.（D）Development of aerospace technology for space exploration. 27 According to the text, what is the “loosening of credi
40、t policies and tax cuts“ aiming at?（A）Reduce the burdens of the enterprises, and help the small and medium enterprises get loans more easily.（B） Enhance the effectiveness of the government in this economical downturn.（C） Implement of policies that have been adopted years before.（D）Response to the re
41、quirements put forward by US government. 28 Which of the following is NOT the reason why Chinese consumers prefer to save?（A）To secure their health-care in case of diseases.（B） To prepare for their life after retirement.（C） To use this as a way of investment due to high interest rate.（D）Insufficient
42、 coverage of social welfare. 29 What can be inferred from the sentence “Growth rates in that range may be the envy of recession-battered economies, but mark signs of trouble for China“ ?（A）Consecutive fall in economic growth rate is devastating to China, as this is a key period for Chinas economic d
43、evelopment.（B） That range of growth rate may be insufficient to maintain the stability of the national economy.（C） Too fast an economic growth rate will probably cause turbulence as many industries in China may not have that capacity.（D）Other countries have only 1% or 2% economic growth rate while o
44、nly China has a 5% above growth rate. 30 According to the text, which of the following is NOT the phenomenon caused by the economic downturn?（A）The export markets are being softened.（B） Domestic property value is being depressed.（C） Number of people that go vacation abroad sharply reduced.（D）Consume
45、r and investor confidence declined daily. 30 Africas elephants are divided between the savannahs of eastern and southern Africa and the forests of central Africa. Some biologists reckon the forest ones-smaller, with shorter, straighter tusks-may even constitute a distinct species. But not for long,
46、at the latest rate of poaching. The high price of ivory is increasing the incentive to kill elephants everywhere in Africa, and especially in places where there is virtually no law. The latest reports suggest that the forest elephant population is collapsing on the back of rising Chinese demand for
47、ivory. Some conservationists argue that a recent decision by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to auction 108 tonnes of stockpiled ivory from southern Africa may be prompting more poaching in central and eastern Africa, as criminals seek to mix illicit ivory in with
48、 the legitimate kind. But some economists maintain that the legitimate sale of ivory lowers prices, thus decreasing the incentive to poach. A study of a previous sale of ivory suggested it did not lead to more intensive poaching. Either way, the Congo basin is “ hemorrhaging elephants “, says TRAFFI
49、C, which monitors trade in wildlife. The head of the 790,000-hectare (1,952,000-acre) Virunga National Park in eastern Congo, Emmanuel de Merode, reports that 24 elephants have been poached in his park so far this year. The situation is dire: 2,900 elephants roamed Virunga when Congo became independent in 1964,400 in 2006, and fewer than 200 today. Most have been poached by militias, particularly Hutu rebels from Rwanda who hack off the ivory and sell it to middlemen in Kinshasa, Congos capital, who then smuggle it to China. Once ivory has left its country of
