1、考研英语模拟试卷 325 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Women often【1】that dating is like a cattle【2 】, and a paper just published in Biology Letters by Thomas Pollet and Daniel Nettle of N
2、ewcastle University, in England, suggests they are【3】. They have little cause for complaint, however, because the paper also suggests that in this particular market, it is【4】who are the buyers. Mr. Pollet and Dr. Nettle were looking for【5】to support the contention that women choose men of【6】status a
3、nd resources, as well as good looks. That may sound common sense, but it was often【7】by social scientists until a group of researchers who called themselves evolutionary psychologists started investigating the matter two decades ago. Since then, a series of experiments in laboratories have supported
4、 the contention. But as all zoologists know,【8】can only tell you so much. Eventually, you have to look at【9】populations. And that is what Mr. Pollet and Dr. Nettle have done. They have examined data from the 19t0 census of the United States of America and discovered that marriage is, indeed, a marke
5、t. Moreover, as in any market, a【10】of buyers means the sellers have to have particularly attractive goods on【11】if they are to make the exchange. The advantage of picking 1910 was that America had not yet settled down, demographically speaking. Though the long-colonized eastern states had a sex【12】
6、of one man to one woman, or thereabouts, in the rest of the country the old adage “go west, young man“ had resulted in a【13】of males. Mr. Pollet and Dr Nettle were thus able to see just how picky women are,【14】the chance. 【15】looking at the whole census, the two researchers relied on a sample of one
7、 person in 250. They then【16】the men in the sample a socioeconomic status score between zero and 96, on a scale drawn up in 1950 (which was as close to 1910 as they could get). They showed that in states where the sexes were equal in number, 56% of low status men were married by the age of 30,【17】60
8、% of high status men were. Even in this case, then, there are women who would prefer to remain【18】rather than marry a deadbeat. When there were 110 men for every 100 women (as, for example, in Arizona), the women got really【19】. In that case only 24% of low-status men were married by 30 compared wit
9、h 46% of high-status men. As the men went west, then, so did their【 20】opportunities. （A）discuss（B） argue（C） complain（D）consider （A）house（B） market（C） farm（D）factory （A）right（B） wrong（C） insane（D）happy （A）men（B） parents（C） couples（D）women （A）samples（B） evidence（C） stories（D）people （A）right（B） low（C）
10、 high（D）appropriate （A）supported（B） denied（C） discussed（D）required （A）evidence（B） samples（C） experiments（D）movies （A）natural（B） black（C） native（D）foreign （A）sufficiency（B） number（C） population（D）scarcity （A）sale（B） offer（C） bargain（D）discount （A）pattern（B） structure（C） ratio（D）map （A）surplus（B） shor
11、tage（C） ratio（D）reinforcement （A）if（B） should（C） unless（D）given （A）Without（B） Rather than（C） Failing to（D）Required to （A）conducted（B） searched（C） discussed（D）assigned （A）while（B） and（C） but（D）when （A）married（B） single（C） divorced（D）widow （A）serious（B） choosy（C） tolerant（D）casual （A）divorce（B） reprod
12、uction（C） marriage（D）death Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The swine flu will probably return in force earlier than seasonal flu usually begins, federal health officials predicted Friday, saying they expect
13、ed it to erupt as soon as schools open rather than in October or November. The swine flu is still circulating in the United States, especially in summer camps, even though hot weather has arrived and the regular flu season ended months ago, “so we expect challenges when people return to school, when
14、 kids are congregating together,“ Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of respiratory diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said in a telephone news conference held jointly with vaccine experts from the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services. It is
15、still unclear how many doses of a swine flu vaccine will be available by then, and officials have been reluctant to make firm predictions beyond saying that they expect tens of millions, rather than hundreds of millions, and they plan to distribute them to people who are the most vulnerable, like pr
16、egnant women and people who are the most likely to encounter the flu, like health care workers. The number of doses available will depend on how fast seed strains grow, how much protection a small dose provides, and whether immune-system boosters called adjuvants are needed and prove to be safe; adj
17、uvants are not used in American flu vaccines now. Clinical trials testing those questions are expected to take another couple of months, said Dr. Jesse L. Goodman, director of the F. DAs Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. Assuming a swine flu vaccination campaign begins, it will be volunt
18、ary, Dr. Schuchat emphasized, but she “strongly encouraged“ pregnant women to get both a seasonal flu shot and a swine flu shot when they are available. The CD Chas been closely following the disease in the Southern Hemisphere winter, and it is mimicking the patterns seen in the United States and Me
19、xico in the spring, she said. Most infections and most serious cases are in children and young adults, and those with underlying conditions, including pregnancy, are the most likely to die. Dr. Schuchat likened the spreads unpredictability to that of popcorn: one city could see an explosion of cases
20、 and overwhelmed hospitals while another saw few. Her most important message, she added, was that “the virus isnt gone, and we fully expect there will be challenges in the fall. “ 21 Why did officials expect the swine flu to erupt as soon as schools open rather than in October or November?（A）There w
21、ill be sufficient swine flu vaccines then.（B） The swine flu is still circulating.（C） The cold weather then will hinder their work.（D）People will be plunged into panic by then. 22 What measures will be taken due to the potential insufficiency of swine flu doses?（A）Urge the factory to accelerate produ
22、ction.（B） Speed up the clinic trials.（C） Distribute the vaccines to people who are the most vulnerable.（D）Still encourage people to reduce their public activities and remain at home. 23 According to the text, what does “adjuvant“ (Para 4, Line 2) refer to?（A）An immune-system booster.（B） Another kind
23、 of vaccine.（C） A new medicine.（D）A new dangerous virus. 24 Which of the following questions is not included in “those questions“ (Para 5, Line 1) ?（A）How fast do seed strains grow?（B） How much protection does a small dose provide?（C） Are adjuvants needed and prove to be safe?（D）How much will such d
24、oses cost? 25 Which of the following is the most infective to this disease?（A）A twelve-year old school boy.（B） A twenty-seven year old athlete.（C） A fifty-year old male gardener.（D）A forty-seven year old female driver. 25 The church of La Placita, “the little square“, formally called Nuestra Se ora
25、Reina de Los Angeles, was founded under Spanish rule at around the same time as the pueblo bearing the same name, the future Los Angeles. Catholicism and Hispanic culture seemed inseparable there. They still largely are. Virtually all Father Estradas parishioners are Hispanic, most of them of Mexica
26、n extraction. When Guatemalan and Salvadorean refugees showed up in the 1980s, it was natural for them, as good Catholics, to find sanctuary at La Placita, where they slept on the pews and Father Estrada gave them food. It was natural again in 2006, when the country went on an anti-immigrant binge,
27、for many of the Latino counter-marches to start from La Placita. Latinos still come from all over southern California for baptisms and prayer, social services and a sense of community. But more and more grandmothers also come to Father Estrada with worries about children or grandchildren who have be
28、come hermanos separados, separated brothers, after defecting to an evangelical church, usually one with a Pentecostal flavour. The converts may have followed one of the evangelicals who come to La Placita to recruit, or friends whom they met at a spiritual rock concert or picnic. “I dont worry, but
29、I find it to be challenging,“ says Father Estrada. Some 68% of Hispanics in America are still Catholic, according to the Pew Research Centre, a think-tank, and their absolute number, thanks to immigration and higher birth rates, continues to increase. But about 15% are now born-again evangelicals, w
30、ho are fast gaining “market share“, as Gaston Espinosa, a professor of religion at Claremont McKenna College, puts it. He estimates that about 3.9m Latino Catholics have converted, and that “for everyone who comes back to the Catholic Church, four leave it. “ The main reason, he thinks, is ethnic id
31、entity. Evangelical services are not only in Spanish, as many Catholic sermons are nowadays, but are performed by Latinos rather than Irish or Polish-American priests, with the cadences, rhythms, innuendos and flow familiar from the mother country. The evangelical services tend to be livelier than C
32、atholic liturgy and to last longer, often turning into an outing lasting the whole day. Women play greater roles, and there are fewer parishioners for each pastor than in the Catholic Church. The evangelical churches are also more “experiential“, says Samuel Rodriguez, a third- generation Puerto Ric
33、an Pentecostal pastor and the president of the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference, an evangelical association. In the Catholic Church, a believers relationship with Jesus is mediated through hierarchies and bureaucracies, he says, whereas the evangelical churches provide direct access
34、 to Jesus. The Pentecostals go one step further, with the “gifts of the Holy Spirit“ (1 Corinthians) letting believers speak in tongues and pray for divine healing. “This is the first group in America to reconcile both the vertical and the horizontal parts of the cross,“ says Mr. Rodriguez. By this
35、he means that the Latino evangelical churches emphasise not only “ covenant, faith and righteousness“ (the vertical part), as white evangelicals do, but also “ community, public policy and social justice“ (the horizontal part), as many black evangelicals, but fewer white ones, do. To Latino evangeli
36、cals it is all one thing, he says, and the social outreach the church provides goes far beyond any government programme, with pastors snatching young men away from gang life and fighting to uphold the rights of immigrants. This also means that Latino evangelicals as a political force are distinct fr
37、om white evangelicals. Many of the whites have veered hard right, hating abortion and gay marriage and reliably voting Republican, though less so very recently. Latinos tend to be even more pro-life and traditional marriage than whites, says Mr. Rodriguez, but only because they know that “mom and da
38、d in the home is the prime antidote to gangs and drugs. “ That same pragmatism makes them believe in government services and the taxes that pay for them, and of course in immigrant rights. As voters, he reckons, Latino evangelicals are therefore the quintessential independents, up for grabs by eithe
39、r party. But it may be American Catholicism that changes the most. About a third of American Catholics are Latino now, and their share is growing. They are also different Catholics, with more than half describing themselves as “ charismatics “, according to the Pew report. Charismatics remain in the
40、ir traditional denomination, but believe in some aspects of Pentecostalism, such as the gifts of the Holy Spirit, especially the speaking in tongues. Latino charismatics see themselves as a renewal movement within Catholicism, as it converges with other churches. And in general all churchgoing Latin
41、os tend to see themselves as renewing Christianity in America. That makes them a powerful force as demographic changes turn America ever more Hispanic, and increasingly different from secular Europe. 26 What do Father Estrada mean by “separated brothers“ (Para 3, Line 2) ?（A）They do not live in the
42、same place.（B） Many parents were divorced and then got them separated.（C） They are not all Catholics, but some are evangelicals.（D）Some are dead while others are alive. 27 According to the text, which of the following is not the edges of evangelical churches against Catholic Church?（A）Ethnic identit
43、y of evangelicals is more of Hispanic characters.（B） Direct connection with God.（C） More involvement of female citizens.（D）The evangelical services tend to be more solemn. 28 According to the text, why can evangelical church provide social outreach that goes far beyond any government programme?（A）Ev
44、angelicals are most Latin Americans and Latin Americans take a considerable portion of US population.（B） The evangelical church reconciles merits from different churches that are adhered to by different communities of people.（C） Government policies are not thoroughly performed in the neighbourhoods
45、whose inhabitants are mostly Latin Americans.（D）Government does not take much care in the affairs of Latin Americans as they are usually not in the mainstream of the society. 29 What does “charismatics“ (Para 9, Line 3) refer to in the text?（A）People who with abilities bestowed by God.（B） Those who
46、converge with other churches.（C） Those who are of outstanding charms.（D）Those who most solemnly believe in Christianity. 30 Which is correct according to this text?（A）Latin Americans are changing Christianity in America.（B） More and more people turn from Catholics to other churches.（C） Latin America
47、ns, with their churches, are becoming a stronger political force in US.（D）Evangelical church is better than other Catholic church. 30 Attacks on Jose Manuel Barroso, the president of the European Commission, have intensified before the European election held between June 4th and 7th, and ahead of a
48、European Union summit when national leaders will discuss his reappointment to a second five- year term. On the left, the Party of European Socialists (PES) calls Mr. Barroso a conservative who “puts markets before people“. Should the PES emerge as the largest group in the European Parliament, it wil
49、l try to block him. But prominent federalists are also unimpressed. Guy Verhofstadt, a former Belgian prime minister, speaks for many in Brussels when he denounces Mr. Barroso for a lack of ambition for Europe. Mr. Verhofstadt invokes the memory of Jacques Delors, the pugnacious Frenchman who ran the commission from 1985 to 1995Mr. Delors proposed many ambitious plans, he says, and got 30% of them: that 30% then became the European internal market. Mr. Verhofstadt thinks that last autumn Mr. Barroso should have proposed such things as a single EU financial regulator, a s
