1、考研英语模拟试卷 328 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 At the beginning of the century, medical scientists made a surprising discovery: that we are (1)_ not just of flesh and blood but als
2、o of time. They were able to (2)_ that we all have an internal “body clock“ which (3)_ the rise and fall of our body energies, making us different from one day to the (5)_. These forces became known as biorhythms: they create the (5)_ in our everyday life.The (6)_ of an internal “body clock“ should
3、not be too surprising, (7)_ the lives of most living things are dominated by the 24-hour night-and-day cycle. The most obvious (8)_ of this cycle is the (9)_ we feel tired and fall asleep at night and become awake and (10)_ during the day. (11)_ the 24-hour rhythm is interrupted, most people experie
4、nce unpleasant side effects.(12)_, international aeroplane travelers often experience “jet lag“ when traveling across time (13)_. People who are not used to (14)_ work can find that lack of sleep affects their work performance.(15)_ the daily rhythm of sleeping and waking, we also have other rhythms
5、 which (16)_.longer than one day and which influence wide areas of our lives. Most of us would agree that we feel good on (17)_ days and net so good on others. Sometimes we are (18)_ fingers and thumbs but on other days we have excellent coordination. There are times when we appear to be accident-pr
6、one, or when our temper seems to be on a short fuse. Isnt it also strange (19)_ ideas seem to flow on some days but at other times are (20)_ nonexistent? Musicians, painters and writers often talk about “dry spells“.（A）built（B） shaped（C） molded（D）grown（A）demonstrate（B） illustrate（C） present（D）propos
7、e（A）designates（B） fluctuates（C） calculates（D）regulates（A）second（B） latter（C） other（D）next（A）ups and “down“（B） goods and “bads“（C） pros and “cons“（D）highs and “lows“（A）name（B） idea（C） expression（D）image（A）unless（B） when（C） since（D）although（A）nature（B） character（C） feature（D）fact（A）mode（B） way（C） form
8、（D）fashion（A）watchful（B） ready（C） alert（D）attentive（A）As（B） Because（C） Though（D）If（A）Of course（B） For example（C） In consequence（D）In particular（A）zones（B） areas（C） belts（D）sphere（A）change（B） shift（C） transfer（D）alternative（A）Instead of（B） Rather than（C） As well as（D）In comparison with（A）last（B） move
9、（C） live（D）survive（A）many（B） several（C） some（D）most（A）all（B） partly（C） seldom（D）often（A）when（B） how（C） that（D）which（A）particularly（B） specifically（C） apparently（D）virtuallyPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 Ya
10、suhisa Shizoki, a 51-year old MP from Japans ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), starts tapping his finger on the dismal economic chart on his coffee table. “Unless we change the decision-making process,“ he says bluntly, “we are not going to be able to solve this kind of problem.“ With the econo
11、my in such a mess, it may seem a bit of a diversion to be trying to sort out Japans political structures as well as its economic problems.Since co-writing a report on political reform, which was released by an LDP panel last week, Mr. Shiozaki has further upset the partys old guard. Its legionaries,
12、 flanked by columns of the bureaucracy, continue to hamper most attempts to overhaul the economy. Junichiro Koizumi was supposed to change all that, by going over their heads and appealing directly to the public. Yet nearly a year after becoming prime minister, Mr. Koizumi has precious little to sho
13、w for his efforts. His popularity is now flagging and his determination is increasingly in doubt.As hopes of immediate economic reform fade, optimists are focusing on another potential benefit of Mr. Koizumis tenure. They hope that his highly personalized style of leadership will pave the way for a
14、permanent change in Japanese politics: towards more united and authoritative cabinets that are held directly accountable for their policies. As that hap pens, the thinking goes, real economic reforms will be able to follow. Unfortunately, damage limitation in the face of scandal too often substitute
15、s for real reform. More often, the scandals serve merely as distractions. What is really needed is an overhaul of the rules themselves.A leading candidate for change is the 40-year-old systeminformal but religiously followedthrough which the LDP machinery vets every bill before it ever gets to parli
16、ament. Most legislation starts in the LDPs party committees, which mirror the parliamentary committee structure. Proposals then go through two higher LDP bodies, which hammer out political deals to smooth their passage. Only then does the prime ministers cabinet get fully involved in approving the p
17、olicy. Most issues have been decided by the LDP mandarins long before they reach this point, let alone the floor of parliament, leaving even the prime minister limited influence, and allowing precious little room for public debate and even less for accountability.As a result, progress will probably
18、remain slow. Since they know that political reform leads to economic reform, and hence poses a threat to their interests, most of the LDP will resist any real changes. But at least a handful of insiders have now bought into one of Mr. Koizumis best slogans: “Change the LDP, change Japan.“21 The dive
19、rsion Yasuhisa Shizoki enjoys is mentioned in the text to（A）to introduce the topic of economic reforms.（B） to honor his unique service to the LDP.（C） to highlight his ability to solve problems.（D）to show how he sort out his slogans.22 The expression “the LDP mandarins“(Paragraph 4) most probably mea
20、ns（A）cabinets who are held liable for their policies.（B） those who work in LDPs party committees.（C） candidates for two higher LDP bodies.（D）those who are strong in favor of reforms.23 The basic problem of Japanese economy as pointed out by the writer lies in（A）its prime ministers negligence.（B） the
21、 inefficiency of its parliament.（C） its defective political structures.（D）the resistance to any changes.24 In the eyes of the author, an economic reform in Japan（A）should precede a political reform.（B） cannot do without Koizumis popularity.（C） should follow an overhaul of the rules.（D）is a now boom
22、on the horizon.25 It seems that the write is very critical of（A）LPD bodies accountability.（B） the prime minister.（C） advocates of economic reforms.（D）the LDP machinery.26 The oceans are the main source of humidity, but plants also pour moisture into the air. In one day, a five-acre forest can releas
23、e 20,000 gallons of water, enough to fill an average swimming, pool. A dryer extracts moisture from wet clothes, adding to humidity. Even breathing contributes to this sticky business. Every time we exhale, we expel nearly one pint of moist air into the atmosphere.Using sophisticated measuring devic
24、es, science is learning more and more about the far-reaching and often surprising impact humidity has on all of us.Two summers ago angry callers phoned American Television and Communications Corp.s cable-TV operation in northeastern Wisconsin, complaining about fuzzy pictures and poor reception. “Wh
25、at happened,“ said the chief engineer, “was that the humidity was interfering with our signals.“ When a blast of dry air invaded the state, the number of complaints dropped sharply.Humidity plays hob with our mechanical world as well. Water condensation on the playing beads and tapes of videocassett
26、e recorders produces a streaky picture. Humidity shortens the life of flashlight and smoke-detector batteries. When the weather gets sticky, the rubber belts that power the fan, air conditioner and alternator under the hood of our cars can get wet and squeak.Moisture also causes pianos to go out of
27、tune, often in no time flat. At the Wolf Trap Farm Park for the Performing Arts in Vienna, where pianos are tuned twice a day during the summer concert season. Often a tuner stands in the wings, ready to make emergency adjustments during performances.Humidity speeds the deterioration of treasured fa
28、mily photos and warps priceless antiques. Your homes wooden support beams, doors and window framers absorb extra moisture and expand-swelling up to three percent depending on the wood, its grain and the setting.Too much moisture promotes blight that attacks potato and green-bean cropsadding to food
29、costs. It also causes rust in wheat, which can affect grain-product prices.Humidity affects our health, as well. We get more migraine headaches, ulcer attacks, blood clots and skin rashes in hot, humid weather. Since 1987, the Health, Weight and Stress Clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore h
30、as tested over 1700 patients for responses to high humidity. They have reported increased dizziness, stomachaches, chest pains, cramps, and visual disturbances such as double and blurred vision.26 The main idea of the passage is about _.（A）the main source of humidity（B） the impact of humidity on our
31、 world and ourselves（C） how humidity affect our life（D）the damage humidity has done to our world27 Which of the following is NOT included as source of humidity in this passage?（A）Oceans.（B） Plants.（C） Air.（D）Dryers.28 Why does a tuner often stand in the wings?（A）So it can be reached any time.（B） It
32、is so designed mechanically.（C） So it can prevent moisture.（D）The piano needs to be tuned frequently.29 What can be inferred from this passage?（A）Nowadays science is learning more and more about the impact humidity has on all of us by using sophisticated measuring devices.（B） Humidity could interfer
33、e with television signals.（C） Humidity may warp priceless antiques.（D）Visual disturbances may decrease in days of low humidity.30 Why did the number of complaints drop?（A）Because they got poor reception.（B） Because the humidity was interfering with the signals.（C） Because there came a blast of dry a
34、ir.（D）Because humidity increased rapidly in the region.31 That low moaning sound in the background just might be the Founding Fathers protesting from beyond the grave. They have been doing it when George Bush, at a breakfast of religious leaders, scorched the Democrats for failing to mention God in
35、their platform and declaimed that a President needs to believe in the Almighty. What about the constitutional ban on “religious test(s)“ for public office? The Founding Fathers would want to know. What about Tom Jeffersons conviction that it is Possible for a nonbeliever to be a moral person, “find(
36、ing) incitements to virtue in the comfort and pleasantness you feel in its exercise“? Even George Washington must shudder in his sleep to hear the constant emphasis on “Judeo-Christian values“. It was he who wrote, “We have abundant reason to rejoice that in this Land.every person may here worship G
37、od according to the dictates of his own heart“.George Bush should know better than to encourage the theocratic ambitions of the Christian right. The “wall of separation“ the Founding Fathers built between church and state is one of the best defenses freedom has ever had. Or have we already forgotten
38、 why the Founding Fathers put it up? They had seen enough religious intolerance in the colonies: Quaker women were burned at the stake in Puritan Massachusetts; Virginians could be jailed for denying the Bibles authority. No wonder John Adams once described the Judeo-Christian tradition as “the most
39、 bloody religion that ever existed“, and that the Founding Fathers took such pains to keep the hand that holds the musket separate from the one that carries the cross.There was another reason for the separation of church and state, which no amount of pious ranting can expunge: not all the Founding F
40、athers believed in the same God, or in any God at all. Jefferson was a renowned doubter, urging his nephew to “question with boldness even the existence of a God“. John Adams was at least a skeptic, as were of course the revolutionary firebrands Tom Paine and Ethan Allen. Naturally, they designed a
41、republic in which they themselves would have a place.Yet another reason argues for the separation of church and state. If the Founding Fathers had one overarching aim, it was to limit the power not of the churches but of the state. They were deeply concerned, as Adams wrote, that “government shall b
42、e considered as having in it nothing more mysterious or divine than other arts or sciences“. Surely the Republicans, committed as they are to “limited government“, ought to honor the secular spirit that has limited our government from the moment of its birth.31 What is implied in the first sentence?
43、（A）The president confused religion with state unwisely.（B） The presidents reference to God annoyed the dead.（C） The president criticized his opponents for ignorance.（D）The presidents standpoint was boldly questioned.32 The separation of religion and state was designed mainly to（A）highlight the role
44、of the government.（B） pay tribute to religious leaders.（C） limit the command of the government.（D）encourage the believers ambitions.33 When mentioning “Quaker women“ (Para. 2); the author is talking about（A）religious values.（B） colonial rebels.（C） church reforms.（D）wall of separation.34 The authors
45、attitude toward the Founding Fathers ideas is one of（A）utter indifference.（B） tactic consent.（C） slight contempt.（D）strong denial.35 Which of the following is true according to the author?（A）The government should bear in mind the intentions of the Founding Fathers.（B） Anyone without a religious beli
46、ef will naturally viewed as an immoral person.（C） The government is entitled to more privileges than other social institutions.（D）Any political leader must get completely free from religious doctrines.36 Saudi Arabia, the oil industrys swing producer, has become its flip-flopper. In February, it per
47、suaded OPEC to cut its total production quotas by lm barrels per day (bpd), to 23.5m, as a precaution against an oil-price crash this spring. That fear has since been replaced by its opposite. The price of West Texas crude hit $40 last week, its highest since the eve of the first Iraq war, prompting
48、 concerns that higher oil prices could sap the vigour of Americas recovery and compound the frailty of Europes. On Monday May 10th, Ali al-Naimi, Saudi Arabias energy minister, called on OPEC to raise quotas, by at least 1.5m bpd, at its next meeting on June 3rd.Thus far, the high oil price has been
49、 largely a consequence of good things, such as a strengthening world economy, rather than a cause of bad things, such as faster inflation or slower growth. Chinas burgeoning economy guzzled about 6m bpd in the first quarter of this year, 15% more than a year ago, according to Goldman Sachs. Demand was also strong in the rest of Asia, excluding Japan, growing by 5.2% to 8.1m bpd. As the year progresses, the seasonal rhythms of Americas drivers will dictate prices, at lea
