1、考研英语模拟试卷 336 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 With the Met Office predicting a summer heatwave, Macmillan Cancer Relief this week (1)_ its customary warning about the suns ultravi
2、olet rays: (2)_, it says, for the huge rise in skin cancers affecting 70,000 people a year. (3)_ a hat and long-sleeved shirt, it advises, keep in the (4)_ in the middle of the day, and slap (5)_ suncream with a protection factor of 15 or above.We all know it (6)_ its the message thats been drummed
3、into us for the past 20 years. Too much sun (7)_ But now theres a fly in the suntan lotion, complicating the messages clarity. It comes (8)_ a thin, quietly-spoken and officially retired Nasa scientist, Professor William Grant, who says that sun doesnt kill; in fact, it does us the world of (9)_. Wh
4、ats killing us, he says, is our (10)_ with protecting ourselves from skin cancer.Grant is trying to turn the scientific world (11)_ down. Talking to me on a trip to Britain this week, he (12)_ his startlingand at first appearance off-the-wallnew calculation that (13)_ excessive exposure to the sun i
5、s costing 1,600 deaths a year in the UK from melanoma skin cancers, (14)_ exposure to the sun is the cause of 25,000 deaths a year from cancer generally. In other words, one sixth of all cancer deaths could be prevented (15)_ we sunned ourselves a little more; in comparison, the melanoma (16)_ is in
6、significant.The reason is vitamin D. Grant, the director of the Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Centre (SUNARC) he (17)_ in California a year ago, says that he and other scientists have (18)_ vitamin D deficiency as a key cause (19)_ 17 different types of cancer including melanoma, osteoporo
7、sis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and other neurological (20)_.（A）issued（B） claimed（C） declared（D）announced（A）qualified（B） relating（C） responsible（D）resulting（A）Put on（B） Take to（C） Turn to（D）Put off（A）darkness（B） ray（C） shade（D）sunlight（A）with（B） on（C） in（D）onto（A）stands water（B） reasonable（C） soun
8、d（D）makes sentse（A）devastates（B） kills（C） hurts（D）injures（A）on the basis of（B） in the light of（C） by means of（D）in the form of（A）good（B） goodness（C） benefits（D）profits（A）obesity（B） obsession（C） obscurity（D）obscenity（A）downside（B） inside（C） upside（D）outside（A）undermined（B） uncovered（C） disclosed（D）re
9、vealed（A）because（B） as（C） while（D）when（A）efficient（B） proficient（C） ample（D）insufficient（A）if（B） unless（C） lest（D）since（A）haphazard（B） risk（C） hazard（D）danger（A）invented（B） founded（C） renovated（D）produced（A）established（B） convinced（C） convicted（D）witnessed（A）for（B） from（C） by（D）behind（A）sickness（B）
10、symptoms（C） disorders（D）syndromePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 In the end, a degree of sanity prevailed. The militant Hindus who had vowed to breach a police cordon and start the work of building a temple
11、to the god Ram at the disputed site of Ayodhya decided to respect a Supreme Court decision barring them from the area. So charged have Hindu-Muslim relations in India become in recent weeks, as the declared deadline of March 15th neared, that a clash at Rams supposed birthplace might well have provo
12、ked bloodshed on an appalling scale across the nation. It has, unfortunately, happened often enough before.But the threat has not vanished. The courts decision is only an interim one, and the main Hindu groups have not given up on their quest to build their temple. Extreme religious violence, which
13、seemed in recent years to have faded after the Ayodhya-related explosion of 19921993, is again a feature of the political landscape. Though faults lie on both sides (it was a Muslim attack on Hindus in a train in Gujarat that started the recent slaughter), the great bulk of victims were, as always,
14、Muslims. Once again, educated Hindus are to be heard inveighing against the “appeasing“ of Muslims through such concessions as separate constitutional status for Kashmir or the right to practice Islamic civil law. Once again, the police are being accused of doing little or nothing to help Muslim vic
15、tims of rampaging Hindu mobs. Once again, Indias 130m Muslims feel unequal and unsafe in their own country. Far too many Hindus would refuse to accept that it is “their own country“ at all.The wonder of it, perhaps, is that things are not worse. While the world applauds Pakistan for at last locking
16、up the leaders of its extreme religious groups, in India the zealots still support, sustain and to a degree constitute the government. The BJP, which leads the ruling coalition, was founded as a political front for the Hindu movement. It is simply one, and by no means the dominant, member of what is
17、 called the Sangh Pariwar, the “family of organizations“. Other members of the family are much less savoury. There is the VHP, the World Hindu Organization, which led the movement to build the Ram temple. There is the Bajrang Dal, the brutalist “youth wing“ of the VHP. There is substantial evidence
18、that members of the VHP and the Bajrang Dal helped to organize the slaughter of hundreds of Muslims in Gujarat after 58 Hindus were killed on a train as they returned from Ayodhya.21 According to the text, the Supreme Court ruled that _.（A）Muslims are denied the right to civil laws.（B） Hindu-Muslim
19、clashes are an issue of religion.（C） it is illegal to seek to build the Ram temple.（D）religious groups are in the charge of their leaders.22 What does the writer wants to illustrate with “a Muslim attack on Hindus on a train in Gujarat“?（A）The brutality of extreme Indian policemen.（B） Frequent clash
20、es between Hindus and Muslims.（C） The cruelty as shown by Hindus to Muslims.（D）The disappearance of extreme religious violence.23 The word “rampaging“ (Para 2) denotes _.（A）dominance.（B） violence.（C） deference.（D）acceptance.24 According to the text, now the world would praise Hindus and Muslims main
21、ly for their _.（A）generosity.（B） humaneness.（C） enthusiasm.（D）sensibility.25 Towards the issue of Hindu-Muslim relations, the writers attitude can be said to be _.（A）objective.（B） biased.（C） appalled.（D）supportive.26 Every product on the market has a variety of costs built into it before it is ever
22、put up for sale to a customer. There are costs of production, transportation, storage, advertising, and more. Each of these costs must bring in some profit at each stage: truckers must profit from transporting products, or they would not be in business. Thus, costs also include several layers of pro
23、fits. The selling price of a product must take all of these costs(and built-in profits) into consideration. The selling price itself consists of a markup over the total of all costs, and it is normally based on a percentage of the total cost.The markup may be quite high 90 percent of cost or it may
24、be low. Grocery items in a supermarket usually have a low markup, while mink cost have a very high one. High markups, however, do not in themselves guarantee big profits. Profits come from turnover. If an item has a 50 percent markup and does not sell, there is no profit. But if a cereal has an 8 pe
25、rcent markup and sells very well, there are reasonable profits.While most pricing is based on cost factors, there are some exceptions. Prestige pricing means setting prices artificially high in order to attract select clientele. Such pricing attempts to suggest that the quality or style of the produ
26、ct is exceptional or that the item cannot be found elsewhere. Stores can use prestige pricing to attract wealthy shoppers.Leader pricing and bait pricing are the opposites of prestige pricing. Leader pricing means setting low prices on certain items to get people to come into the stores. The product
27、s so priced are called loss leaders because little or no profit can be made on them. The profits are made from other products people buy while in the store. Bait pricing, now generally considered illegal, means setting artificially low prices to attract customers. The store, however, has no intentio
28、n of selling goods at the bait prices. The point is to get people into the store and persuade them of the inferiority of the low-priced item. Then a higher priced item is presented as a better alternative.A common retail tactic is odd priced products. For some products of $300, the store will set th
29、e price at $295 or $299.95 to give the appearance of a lower price. Automobiles and other high-priced products are usually priced in this manner. For some reason $7995 has more appear to a potential car customer than $8000.Bid pricing is a special kind of price setting. It is often used in the award
30、ing of government contracts. Several companies are asked to submit bids on a job, and normally the lowest bidder wins. A school system may want to buy a large number of computers. Several companies are asked to submit prices, and the school district will decide on the best bid based as well on consi
31、derations of quality and service.26 We learn from the second paragraph, _.（A）reducing cost is the surest way to increase profits（B） profits depend on how fast goods are moving（C） fair markup promise the greatest profits（D）lower markup brings reasonable profits27 In a department store, the purpose of
32、 showing clients bait priced items is to _.（A）demonstrate the bad quality of these items（B） get them to purchase some other articles（C） earn some dirty money from these items（D）persuade them to buy what they dont really need28 Odd even pricing method _.（A）is often used with very expensive items（B） i
33、s only effective on potential car customers（C） is the most popular way of pricing a product（D）is the most effective way of selling low-priced products29 In a bidding deal, _.（A）the buyer search from place to place for desired object（B） the government selects the best items（C） the government transact
34、s with an individual（D）the sellers compete with each other for the bid30 If you want to sell a car about $80,000, youd better set the price at _.（A）￥80,000（B） ￥75,000（C） ￥78,000（D）￥79,99531 The next big workout craze is one even a couch potato could love. It starts with a warm-up: a trip to the supe
35、rmarket. Then theres a large dinner, followed by some leisurely hours spent doing crossword puzzles. Finally, theres the cool-down, a long bubble bath. Keep this up, and youll be buff in no time.Mentally buff, at any rate. This is a workout for your brainan example of “neurobics“, a movement thats g
36、aining momentum among those looking to stay sharp as they age. Some psychologists claim that by adjusting your routine in small ways (like taking a different route to the grocery store or stimulating your senses with a new fragranced bath product), you can encourage neurons to build more connections
37、 to each other. Though scientists know little about the early stages of Alzheimers, clinical evidence is starting to show that mental “exercises“ like these may ward it off.Neurobics got started with the 1999 book Keep Your Brain Alive by Duke University neurobiologist Larry Katz and writer Manning
38、Rubin. Since then, the term has entered common usage (its defined in at least one slang dictionary) and inspired numerous imitators. Entrepreneurs now offer courses that teach neurobic exercises alongside more traditional seminars on handling stress and expressing emotions. Corporate trainers like M
39、ind Gym run employees through 90 minute “workouts“ designed to in crease productivity. Theres also the MyBrainT site, a paid service that provides access to games like those used in psychological experiments to test cognitive ability. Theres no evidence that these games are any better for you than,
40、say, scrabble. But MyBrainTrainer creator Bruce Friedman says he gets a “neural buzz“ from themand hes taken each more than 1,600 times.Still, its a good bet that a simple change in routine will be just as effective. If that doesnt seem mentally wearing, consider how you go about most neurobic activ
41、ities in ordinary life. Most likely, youre going through the motionsdriving on roads you know by heart, swallowing down dinner with out savoring its taste or texture. Changing things will force you to pay attention to what youre doing. Even those who are skeptical about neurobics potential for preve
42、nting Alzheimers have to admit that isnt a bad thing.31 By describing the process of a workout, the author intends to show（A）a healthy lifestyle.（B） a new way of exercise.（C） a new way of mental relaxation.（D）the life of a couch potato.32 Researchers have come to believe that neurobics（A）is suitable
43、 for peoples brain.（B） may help the mind stay sharp.（C） prevent the risk of Alzheimers.（D）build connection among neurons.33 It can be inferred from the passage that the book Keep Your Brain Alive（A）inspired numerous imitators.（B） was written to increase productivity.（C） described psychological games
44、.（D）pioneered the idea of neurobics.34 Bruce Friedman seems to suggest that（A）his website is very successful.（B） he himself benefits from psychological games.（C） psychological games are very interesting.（D）neurobics are effective for people.35 From the text we can conclude that the author（A）does not
45、 favor neurobics.（B） encourages people to try nenrobics.（C） is enthusiastic about neurobics.（D）thinks much of neurobics.36 On a weekday night this January, thousands of flag-waving youths packed Olaya Street, Riyadhs main shopping strip, to cheer a memorable Saudi victory in the GCC Cup football fin
46、al. One car, rock music blaring from its stereo, squealed to a stop, blocking an intersection. The passengers leapt out, clambered on to the roof and danced wildly in front of the honking crowd. Having paralyzed the traffic across half the city, they sped off before the police could catch them.Such
47、public occasion was once unthinkable in the rigid conformist kingdom, but now young people there and in other Gulf States are increasingly willing to challenge authority. That does not make them rebels: respect for elders, for religious duty and for maintaining family bonds remain preeminent values,
48、 and premarital sex is generally out of the question. Yet demography is beginning to put pressure on ultra-conservative norms.After all, 60% of the Gulfs native population is under the age of 25. With many more of its citizens in school than in the workforce, the region faces at least a generation o
49、f rocketing demand for employment. In every single GCC country the native workforce will double by 2020. In Saudi Arabia it will grow from 3.3m now to over Sm. The task of managing this surge would be daunting enough for any society, but is particularly forbidding in this region, for several reasons.The first is that the Gulf suffers from a lopsided labor structure. This goes back to the 1970s, when ballooning o
