1、考研英语模拟试卷 337 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Selection to participate in a top executive-education program is an important rung on the ladder to top corporate jobs. U.S. corporat
2、ions (1)_ billions of dollars in this form of management developmentand use it to (2)_ and train fast-track managers. Yet one (3)_ of executive education found that less than 5% of the managers (4)_ to these high-profile programs are womenand minorities are terribly (5)_ as well.The numbers are (6)_
3、. In regular business (7)_ usually paid for by the participant, not an employerthere are plenty of women and minorities. Women, for example, (8)_ for about 30% of MBA candidates. Yet in the (9)_ programs paid for by corporations that round out a managers credentials at a (10)_ career point, usually
4、at age 40 or 45, companies are making only a (11)_ investment in developing female and minority executives. A case (12)_ point: Only about 30% of the 180 executives in Stanfords recent (13)_ management program were women.Most companies say these days they are (14)_ hiring and promoting women and min
5、oritiesand there are some (15)_ trends in overall employment and pay levels so why are companies (16)_ the ball when it (17)_ executive education? The schools (18)_ that they are neither the cause of nor the cure for the problem. A Harvard Business School dean figures that companies are (19)_ of sen
6、ding their female executives (20)_ they dont want to lose them to competitors.（A）endow（B） venture（C） invest（D）donate（A）designate（B） identify（C） fabricate（D）approach（A）view（B） examination（C） survey（D）test（A）delivered（B） transported（C） transmitted（D）sent（A）under-represented（B） underlined（C） underestim
7、ated（D）undermined（A）ridiculous（B） dreadful（C） shameful（D）cruel（A）projects（B） programs（C） plans（D）items（A）occupy（B） possess（C） account（D）take（A）privileged（B） prestigious（C） preferable（D）professional（A）important（B） key（C） weak（D）normal（A）token（B） assurable（C） key（D）symbolic（A）beside（B） up to（C） in（D）t
8、o（A）inferior（B） dependent（C） junior（D）advanced（A）passively（B） aggressively（C） progressively（D）intensively（A）negative（B） right（C） positive（D）wrong（A）dropping（B） carrying（C） bouncing（D）opening（A）comes in（B） comes to（C） comes on（D）comes from（A）apprehend（B） verify（C） maintain（D）promise（A）shy（B） coward（C
9、） brave（D）fearful（A）that（B） while（C） because（D）ButPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 Forget Iraq and budget deficits. The most serious political problem on both sides of the Atlantic is none of these. It is a
10、difficulty that has dogged the ruling classes for millennia. It is the servant problem.In Britain David Blunkett, the home secretary, has resigned over an embarrassment (or one of many embarrassments, in a story involving his ex-girlfriend, her husband, two pregnancies and some DNA) concerning a vis
11、a for a Filipina nanny employed by his mistress. His office speeded it through for reasons unconnected to the national shortage of unskilled labour. Mr. Blunkett resigned ahead of a report by Sir Alan Budd, an economist who is investigating the matter at the governments request.In America Bernard Ke
12、rik, the presidents nominee for the Department of Homeland Security, withdrew last week because he had carelessly employed a Mexican nanny whose Play-Doh skills were in better order than her paperwork. Mr. Kerik also remembered that he hadnt paid her taxes. The nominee has one or two other “issues“
13、(an arrest warrant in 1998, and allegations of dodgy business dealings and extra-marital affairs). But employing an illegal nanny would probably have been enough to undo him, as it has several other cabinet and judicial appointees in recent years.There is an easy answer to the servant problemobvious
14、 to economists, if not to the less clear-sighted. Perhaps Sir Alan, a dismal scientist of impeccable rationality, will be thoughtful enough to point it out in his report.Parents are not the only people who have difficulty getting visas for workers. All employers face restrictive immigration policies
15、 which raise labour costs. Some may respond by trying to fiddle the immigration system, but most deal with the matter by exporting jobs. In the age of the global economy, the solution to the servant problem is simple: rather than importing the nanny, offshore the children.21 According to the text, t
16、he servant problem is to the ruling class what（A）the political problem to the ruler.（B） the embarrassment to the home secretary.（C） the chronic ailment to the patient.（D）the governments request to the economist.22 In paragraph 1, “both sides of the Atlanti“ probably refers to（A）the United States and
17、 United Kingdom.（B） the European and American.（C） the North America and Europe.（D）the North American continent and the British Isles.23 Paragraph 2 and 3 are written to（A）explain Mr. Blunketts resignation.（B） refute the conclusion made by Mr. Kerit.（C） describe the presidents nomination.（D）illustrat
18、e the persistent servant problem.24 How does the author feel about Mr. Alan?（A）His dismal thought is impractical.（B） His relevant argument is acceptable.（C） His apparent solution is implausible.（D）His clear-sighted report is most trust-worthy.25 Which of the following can be inferred from the text?（
19、A）Getting visa for servants will not be a problem.（B） Sir Alan is qualified to be a dismal scientist.（C） The majority gets rid of the traditional solution.（D）Exporting jobs and fiddling the immigration system are detrimental.25 Wherever people have been, they have left waste behind, which can cause
20、all sorts of problems. Waste often stinks, attracts vermin and creates eyesores. More seriously, it can release harmful chemicals into the soil and water when dumped, or into the air when burned. And then there are some really nasty forms of industrial waste, such as spent nuclear fuel, for which no
21、 universally accepted disposal methods have thus far been developed.Yet many also see waste as an opportunity. Getting rid of it all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $ 120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste alone and another $ 150 billion on industrial wast
22、e. The amount of waste that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with their economies, and especially with the rate of urbanization. So waste firms see a rich future in places such as China, India and Brazil, which at present spend only about $ 5 billion a year collecting and treating their mun
23、icipal waste.Waste also presents an opportunity in a grander sense: as a potential resource. Much of it is already burned to generate energy. Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Visionaries see a world without waste, with rubbish
24、being routinely recycled.Until last summer such views were spreading quickly. But since then plummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the recycling firms that had argued rubbish was on the
25、way out now say that unless they are given financial help, they themselves will disappear.Subsidies are a bad idea. Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige people who create waste to clean up after themselves
26、 and ideally ensure that the price of any product reflects the cost of disposing of it safely. That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place.That may sound simple enough, but governments seldom ge
27、t the rules right. In poorer countries they often have no rules at all, or if they have them they fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax about others. They are also prone to imposing arbitrary targets and taxes. Ca
28、lifornia, for example, wants to recycle all its trash not because it necessarily makes environmental or economic sense but because the goal of “zero waste“ sounds politically attractive.26 Whats the main idea of the first paragraph?（A）Waste is everywhere.（B） Waste is very harmful.（C） Waste should be
29、 treated universally.（D）Waste can be an opportunity.27 Waste firms expect a great development in China, India and Brazil because（A）those economies have a large amount of waste to be treated.（B） those economies develop fast but spend little on waste business.（C） those economies welcome waste firms to
30、 run business there.（D）those economies pay more attention to environmental protection.28 Many recycling firms are disappointed now for the reason that（A）clever new technologies are updating too quickly to bring any profit.（B） they will have no resources to use in a world without waste in the future.
31、（C） low prices for recycling products leave little margin to make money.（D）governments are reluctant to give financial help to survive the crisis.29 According to the authors ideal, products with high prices（A）would be hard to be disposed of.（B） should be really valuable.（C） would create less waste.（
32、D）should be in strict regulation.30 Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?（A）Rich countries might help poor countries to treat the waste.（B） Californias “zero waste“ program makes no environmental sense.（C） More taxes are needed to collect and treat the waste efficiently.（D）
33、Governments policies on waste industry are largely incoherent.31 Can computer viruses ever be a force for progress? In the wild west of the online world, the archetypal baddies are computer viruses and worms. These self-replicating programs are notorious for wreaking havoc in the systems of unwary u
34、sers. But, as in the west, not all gunslingers wear black hats. Some virus writers wish their fellow users well, and have been spreading viruses that are designed to do good, not harm.Cheese Worm, which appeared a few weeks ago, attempts to fix computers that have been compromised by the Lion Worm.
35、The Lion Worm is dangerous. It infects computers that use the Linux operating system, and creates multiple “backdoors“ into the infected computer. It then e-mails information about these backdoors to people who wish to misuse that computer for nefarious purposes such as “denial of service“ attacks o
36、n websites. (Such attacks bombard a site with so many simultaneous requests for access that it comes out with its hands up.)That might sound like a good thing. So might VBS.Noped.Amm. This virus, which arrives as an e-mail attachment, searches a users hard drive for specific files which the (unknown
37、) virus writer believes contain child pornography. If the virus finds any files on the proscribed list, it e-mails a copy of the file in question to a random recipient from a list of American government agencies, with an explanatory note.The notion of “good“ viruses may sound novel; but, according t
38、o Vesselin Bontchev, a virus expert with Frisk Software International in Iceland, it is not. However, early attempts to create beneficial virusesfor example, programs that compressed or encrypted files without asking a users permissionwere resented, because they represented a loss of control over a
39、users computer, and a diversion of data-processing resources. Inoculating computers against infection sounds like a good idea, but fails because any unauthorised changes are suspicious.Cheese Worm, even though it is designed to help the user whose disk it ends up on, suffers from the same objection.
40、 And VBS.Noped.Amm, whatever social benefits its author might think it has, is not even meant to do that. If it works, it will harm the user rather than help him. It is little more than cyber-vigilantism. Appropriate to the wild west, perhaps, but if cyberspace is to be civilised, other solutions wi
41、ll have to be found.31 From the passage we can infer that _.（A）computer viruses might be a force for progress（B） computers are full of viruses and worms（C） computers are wild in the west（D）viruses are spreading online32 According to the passage, the Lion Worm is _.（A）similar to Cheese Worm（B） danger
42、ous to a wide range of computers（C） hazardous to the Linux operating system（D）a computer program for nefarious purposes33 Judging from the context, VBS.Noped.Amm is probably _.（A）a good thing（B） an unknown virus（C） a dangerous virus（D）a benign virus34 According to Vesselin Bontchev the notion of “go
43、od“ viruses is _.（A）just like a novel（B） something new（C） something usual（D）something unique35 The purpose of the author in writing the text is to _.（A）welcome “good“ viruses（B） illustrate the nature of “good“ viruses（C） expose the harm of “good“ viruses（D）condemn the misbehavior of spreading viruse
44、s36 If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European
45、national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to ha
46、ve higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in
47、“none of the above“. Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random s
48、eries of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20“, Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers“.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is no
49、t genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes“ the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate pr
